生化變種試題及答案英文

一、單項選擇題，(總共10題，每題2分)。1.WhichofthefollowingisakeyenzymeinDNAreplication?A.RNApolymeraseB.DNAligaseC.HelicaseD.PrimaseAnswer:B.DNAligase2.Whatistheprimaryfunctionofribosomesinacell?A.TosynthesizeDNAB.TobreakdownproteinsC.TosynthesizeproteinsD.ToreplicateRNAAnswer:C.Tosynthesizeproteins3.Whichofthefollowingisanucleotide?A.GlucoseB.FattyacidC.AdenineD.AminoacidAnswer:C.Adenine4.WhatistheroleofATPincellularprocesses?A.TostoregeneticinformationB.ToprovideenergyforcellularactivitiesC.TotransportoxygenD.ToformcellmembranesAnswer:B.Toprovideenergyforcellularactivities5.Whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicofenzymes?A.TheyarenotaffectedbytemperatureB.TheyarenotspecifictotheirsubstratesC.TheycanchangetherateofchemicalreactionsD.TheyarenotorganiccompoundsAnswer:C.Theycanchangetherateofchemicalreactions6.Whatisthefunctionofthemitochondriainacell?A.ToproduceDNAB.TogenerateenergyC.TosynthesizeproteinsD.TostorenutrientsAnswer:B.Togenerateenergy7.Whichofthefollowingisacomponentofthecellmembrane?A.ProteinsB.CarbohydratesC.LipidsD.AlloftheaboveAnswer:D.Alloftheabove8.Whatistheroleofchlorophyllinplants?A.ToabsorbwaterB.ToproduceoxygenC.TocapturelightenergyD.TostorecarbonAnswer:C.Tocapturelightenergy9.Whichofthefollowingisaproductofphotosynthesis?A.OxygenB.CarbondioxideC.GlucoseD.WaterAnswer:C.Glucose10.WhatisthefunctionoftheGolgiapparatusinacell?A.TosynthesizeproteinsB.TobreakdownwastematerialsC.TomodifyandpackageproteinsD.TostoregeneticinformationAnswer:C.Tomodifyandpackageproteins二、多項選擇題，(總共10題，每題2分)。1.Whichofthefollowingarecomponentsofthecellnucleus?A.ChromosomesB.RibosomesC.DNAD.RNAAnswer:A,C2.Whatarethefunctionsofenzymesincellularprocesses?A.TocatalyzechemicalreactionsB.ToprovideenergyC.TotransportmoleculesD.ToregulatemetabolicpathwaysAnswer:A,D3.Whichofthefollowingarestagesofthecellcycle?A.InterphaseB.MitosisC.CytokinesisD.MeiosisAnswer:A,B,C4.Whatarethemaintypesofcarbohydrates?A.SugarsB.StarchesC.FatsD.FibersAnswer:A,B,D5.Whichofthefollowingarefunctionsofthemitochondria?A.ToproduceATPB.TogenerateheatC.TostorenutrientsD.TosynthesizeproteinsAnswer:A,B6.Whatarethecomponentsofthecytoplasm?A.WaterB.ProteinsC.LipidsD.DNAAnswer:A,B,C7.Whichofthefollowingareprocessesinvolvedinphotosynthesis?A.Light-dependentreactionsB.Light-independentreactionsC.RespirationD.FermentationAnswer:A,B8.Whatarethefunctionsofthecellmembrane?A.ToprotectthecellB.ToregulatethemovementofsubstancesC.ToprovideenergyD.TostoregeneticinformationAnswer:A,B9.Whichofthefollowingaretypesofnucleicacids?A.DNAB.RNAC.ProteinsD.LipidsAnswer:A,B10.Whatarethestagesofmitosis?A.ProphaseB.MetaphaseC.AnaphaseD.TelophaseAnswer:A,B,C,D三、判斷題，(總共10題，每題2分)。1.Enzymesarenotaffectedbytemperaturechanges.False2.DNAistheprimarygeneticmaterialinalllivingorganisms.True3.Themitochondriaareresponsibleforstoringnutrientsinthecell.False4.Ribosomesarefoundinthenucleusofthecell.False5.Photosynthesisoccursinthechloroplastsofplantcells.True6.Thecellmembraneiscomposedofproteins,carbohydrates,andlipids.True7.ATPisthemainenergycurrencyofthecell.True8.TheGolgiapparatusisinvolvedinthesynthesisofproteins.False9.Thecellcycleincludesmitosisandmeiosis.True10.Chlorophyllcaptureslightenergyforphotosynthesis.True四、簡答題，(總共4題，每題5分)。1.Describethestructureandfunctionofthecellmembrane.Thecellmembraneisaphospholipidbilayerthatsurroundsthecell,providingabarrierbetweentheinternalandexternalenvironments.Itcontainsproteins,carbohydrates,andlipids.Themembraneregulatesthemovementofsubstancesinandoutofthecell,facilitatescommunicationwithothercells,andprovidesstructuralsupport.2.ExplaintheprocessofDNAreplication.DNAreplicationistheprocessbywhichacellduplicatesitsDNAbeforecelldivision.ItinvolvestheunwindingoftheDNAdoublehelix,thesynthesisofnewcomplementarystrandsusingexistingstrandsastemplates,andthejoiningofthenewstrandsbyDNAligase.3.Discusstheroleofenzymesincellularprocesses.Enzymesarebiologicalcatalyststhatspeedupchemicalreactionsinthecell.Theyarespecifictotheirsubstratesandworkbyloweringtheactivationenergyrequiredforareaction.Enzymesareinvolvedinvariouscellularprocesses,includingmetabolism,DNAreplication,andproteinsynthesis.4.Describethestagesofphotosynthesis.Photosynthesisoccursintwomainstages:thelight-dependentreactionsandthelight-independentreactions(Calvincycle).Thelight-dependentreactionscapturelightenergyandconvertitintochemicalenergyintheformofATPandNADPH.Thelight-independentreactionsuseATPandNADPHtoconvertcarbondioxideintoglucose.五、討論題，(總共4題，每題5分)。1.DiscusstheimportanceofATPincellularprocesses.ATP(adenosinetriphosphate)istheprimaryenergycurrencyofthecell.Itprovidestheenergyneededforvariouscellularprocesses,includingmusclecontraction,nerveimpulsetransmission,andactivetransport.ATPisgeneratedthroughcellularrespirationandisusedtopowermanymetabolicreactions,makingitessentialforcellsurvivalandfunction.2.Explainhowthecellcycleisregulated.Thecellcycleisregulatedbyacomplexnetworkofproteinsandcheckpointsthatensurethecelldividescorrectly.Keyregulatoryproteinsincludecyclinsandcyclin-dependentkinases(CDKs).CheckpointssuchastheG1/Scheckpoint,G2/Mcheckpoint,andmetaphasecheckpointmonitorthecell'sprogressandhaltthecycleifnecessarytorepairdamageorensureproperdivision.3.Discussthedifferencesbetweenmitosisandmeiosis.Mitosisandmeiosisarebothprocessesofcelldivision,buttheyservedifferentpurposes.Mitosisresultsintwogeneticallyidenticaldaughtercellsandisinvolvedingrowthandrepair.Meiosisresults