Unit5詞匯精講精煉目錄TOC\o"13"\h\z\u連詞成段 1精講精煉 2refer 2base 2major 3means 4appreciate 4equal 5demand 6dateback(to...)(＝datefrom) 7regard 7struggle 8beg 9relate 9重點(diǎn)單詞 10重點(diǎn)短語 11單詞派生 11連詞成段HWeoften

tolanguagesasthesoulofhumancultures,formanysocieties

theircollectiveidentityontheuniquewordsandrhythmsoftheirnativetongue.Acrosstheglobe,

languagefamilies—fromIndoEuropeantoAustronesian—showhowlanguagesserveasthekey

topassdowntraditions.Wemust

thateverylanguage,whetherspokenbymillionsorafewhundred,is

initsabilitytocarrywisdom.Yetglobalizationcan

greateruseofdominantlanguages,leavingsmalleronesatrisk.Someancienttongues

over5,000yearsago,buttodaymany

tosurviveasyoungergenerationsshifttomoremonlanguages.Thisreality

ustovaluelinguisticdiversity,asweshould

everylanguageasalivinglinktoourpast.Ultimately,alllanguages

tooneanother,weavingatapestryofhumanexpressionthatenrichesourworld.譯文：我們常將語言稱作人類文化的靈魂，因?yàn)樵S多社會的集體認(rèn)同感，正是建立在其母語獨(dú)特的詞匯與韻律之上。放眼全球，從印歐語系到南島語系，各大主要語系都印證了語言是傳承傳統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵方式。我們必須重視這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：無論一門語言的使用者是數(shù)百萬人還是數(shù)百人，其承載智慧的能力始終平等。然而全球化進(jìn)程往往要求更多地使用主流語言，這使得小眾語言面臨存續(xù)危機(jī)。有些古老語言的歷史可追溯至5000多年前，但如今，隨著年輕一代轉(zhuǎn)向更通用的語言，許多古老語言正艱難維系。這一現(xiàn)實(shí)促使我們珍視語言多樣性——我們應(yīng)將每一門語言都視為連接人類過往的鮮活紐帶。歸根結(jié)底，所有語言都彼此關(guān)聯(lián)，共同編織出人類表達(dá)的斑斕圖景；當(dāng)我們提及語言的價(jià)值時(shí)，這份交織的多樣性，正是世界最珍貴的財(cái)富之一。精講精煉refervi.提到；參考；查閱vt.查詢；叫……求助于派生：referencen．提及，涉及；參考；參考書目搭配：referto指的是；描述；提到；查閱refer...to...把……提交給……；讓(人)參考……to...as...to...as...把……稱作……refertoadictionary查詞典in/withreferencetosb/sth關(guān)于referencebooks/material參考書/參考資料例句：Whenweeacrossnewwordsinreading,weshouldreferthemtoadictionaryinsteadofskippingthemdirectly.在閱讀中遇到生詞時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該查閱詞典，而不是直接跳過。即學(xué)即練1.Hereferredthesystemthatwasrelatedtothewelfareofbillionsofpeopleattheconference.2.TheyalwaysrefertomeabookwormbecauseIamalwaysaddictedtoavarietyofbooks.3.Ifyoumeetwiththecharactersyoudon’tknow,Istronglysuggestthatyou(should)referto(refer)booksorturntoothersforhelp.4.IamwritingtoaskforyouradvicereferencetowhatkindsoftraditionalChineseculturesappealtoforeignersmost.5.Thetsunami(refer)tointhereportsweptawayabout2,000people，shockingtherestofthecountry.6.一詞多義①Whynotrefertoadictionarytocheckthespellingoftheword？②Thescientistreferredtoglobalwarmingatleastthreetimesinhisspeech.③Theword“business”alsoreferstoanorganizationthatoffersgoodsandservices.basevt.以……為據(jù)點(diǎn)；以……為基礎(chǔ)n．底部；根據(jù)派生：basicadj.基本的；基礎(chǔ)的basisn．基礎(chǔ)basicallyadv.基本上；從本質(zhì)上說搭配：base...on/upon...把……建立在……的基礎(chǔ)上bebasedon/upon...以……為基礎(chǔ)onadaily/regularbasis每天/定期onthebasisof在……的基礎(chǔ)上例句：MemberswillgathertogetheronaregularbasistoparticipateintheEnglishCornerundertheguidance/instructionofourforeignteachers.成員會定期聚集在一起在我們的外教的指導(dǎo)下參加英語角。即學(xué)即練Onthe(base)ofwhatyoushow,Ifirmlybelievethatyoucanbequalifiedfortheposition.Teammembersneedtoreceivetrainingafterschooleverydayandtheyarealsoofferedopportunitiestowatchtabletennispetitionsaregularbasis.Iamwritingtoinformyouofsome(base)tablemanners.(base)ontraditionalChinesecustoms,youshouldlettheelderlyeatfirst.ThenovelwhichwaspopularwithreaderswasbasedanearthquakewhichstruckWenchuanin2008.Afewweeksintothisschoolyear,LisaandIhadco－authoredaplay(base)onourfavouritenovel,LittleWomen.Theyhavetohavea(base)understandingofputersinordertousethetechnology.majoradj.主要的；重要的；大的vi.主修，專門研究n．主修課程；主修學(xué)生派生：majorityn．大部分；大多數(shù)搭配：majorin主修……anEnglishmajor一個(gè)英語專業(yè)的學(xué)生a/themajorityof大多數(shù)ina/themajority占大多數(shù)例句：WhenIgraduatefromhighschoolnextyear,IplantomajorinbiologybecauseIhavebeeninterestedinexploringthemysteriesoflifesincechildhood.明年高中畢業(yè)后，我計(jì)劃主修生物學(xué)，因?yàn)槲覐男【蛯μ剿魃膴W秘很感興趣。即學(xué)即練InspiredbythebeautyofChinesecharacters,Iwillmajorcalligraphyatuniversityinthefuture.Somepeoplegaveuphalfway,butthe(major)oftheparticipantsmadeittothefinishingline.Thosewhohavevotedformearethe/amajority,soIamelectedaschairmanoftheStudentAssociation.寫出下列句中黑體詞的含義①Iguessedthattherewasprobablyamajormisunderstanding.②TheirvictoryinAmericawasstillrememberedasamajorturningpointinthehistoryofrockandroll.③ThevolunteerwasanativeofBeijingandmajoredinhistoryatcollege.④HermajorisFrenchwhilemineisengineering.meansn．方法；方式；途徑搭配：ameansof一種……的方法(means的單復(fù)數(shù)同形)byallmeans可以；當(dāng)然行；沒問題bymeansof借助……手段；依靠……方法bynomeans絕不，無論如何也不，一點(diǎn)都不(置于句首時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝)例句：Asyoucanseefromtheshortvideo，membersoftheSpokenEnglishClubhavebeefluentinEnglishbymeansoftakingpartinvariousactivities.正如你從短視頻中看到的，英語口語社的成員通過參加各種各樣的活動(dòng)已經(jīng)能說流利的英語了。即學(xué)即練1.Watchingfilmswasregardedasmeansofentertainmentwhenwewereyoung.2.Ancientpeoplerecordedwhathadhappenedmeansofcarvingvarietiesofsymbolswithspecificmeaningsontoshellsorbones.3.Everymeans(try)sofar,butwestillcan’tsolvetheproblem.4.Calligraphywasnotonlyabeautifulartformbutalsoa(means)ofshowingthe“manbehindthebrush”．4.Allmeans(try)togethimtochangehismind,butnonehasworked.沒有Paul的好心幫忙，Mac絕不會赤手空拳把狼嚇跑。①M(fèi)acwithbarehandswithoutthehelpofkindheartedPaul.②withbarehandswithoutthehelpofkindheartedPaul.(用倒裝句改寫)appreciatevt.欣賞；重視；感激；領(lǐng)會vi.增值派生：appreciationn．欣賞；感激appreciativeadj.感激的搭配：appreciate(one’s)doingsth喜歡/感激(某人)做某事appreciatethesignificance/valueofsth.理解某事的重要性/意義Iwouldappreciateitif...如果……我將不勝感激I’dappreciateitifyoucoulddosth.如果你能……，我將感激不盡例句：Ifyoucouldhelpmereviewthekeypointsofchemistrybeforetheexam,Iwouldgreatlyappreciateit.如果考試前你能幫我復(fù)習(xí)化學(xué)的重點(diǎn)，我會非常感激。即學(xué)即練如果您能盡早回復(fù)我，我將非常感激。(應(yīng)用文寫作之結(jié)尾句)①atyourearliestconvenience.(appreciateone’sdoing)②atyourearliestconvenience.(appreciateitif...)I’mwritingtoexpressmy(appreciate)forwhatyouhavedoneformeduringmystayinLondon.I'dappreciate(hear)fromyounowandthen.Iwouldappreciateifyoucouldtakemyapplicationintoconsideration.WithChinaplayingagreaterroleinglobalaffairs,anincreasingnumberofinternationalstudentsarebeginningtolearnChinese(appreciate)China'scultureandhistory.一詞多義：①M(fèi)anypeoplecan'tfullyappreciatetheimportanceofregularexercise.②Iappreciatebeinggiventheopportunitytoworkinyourpanytwoyearsago.③Histalentsaren’tappreciatedbyhisboss,whichmadehimannoyed.④Theirinvestmentshaveappreciatedovertheyears.equaln．同等的人；相等物adj.相等的；平等的；相當(dāng)?shù)模荒軇偃蔚膙．與……相等，等于；比得上派生：equalityn．平等；相等equallyadv.相等地；同等地；公平地；同樣地unequaladj.不相等的;不勝任的unequallyadv.不公平地；不相等地搭配：bewithoutequal＝havenoequal無與倫比beequaltosth/doingsth等于/勝任(做)某事equalsb/sthin(doing)sth在(做)某事上比得過、敵得過某人/物例句：Everyoneshouldhaveequalaccesstoqualityeducation,nomatterwhattheirfamilybackgroundis.無論家庭背景如何，每個(gè)人都應(yīng)享有平等的優(yōu)質(zhì)教育機(jī)會。即學(xué)即練1.Frommypointofview,MichaelJordanisequalinplayingbasketball.2.Firstly,nobodycanequalmeoralEnglish.(equal)importantisthatIamgoodatmunicatingwithothers.SoIholdthefirmbeliefthatIamequalthejobasavolunteerforthefair.3.Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatwisdomandeffortsare(equal)importantforsuccess.4.Idon'tthinkheisequalto(do)thiskindofwork.5.寫出下列句中黑體詞的含義①Shetreatsthepeoplewhoworkforherasherequals.②Withouthealth,lifeisequaltonothingatall.demandn．需求；要求vt.強(qiáng)烈要求；需要vi.查問派生：demandingadj.要求高的搭配：v.demandtodosth要求做某事demandforsth.要求得到...demandthat...要求……(從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略)n.bein(great)demand需求量大ondemand一經(jīng)要求supplyanddemand供求meet/satisfyone’sdemand(s)滿足某人的需求例句：Theteacherdemandsthatallstudents(should)handintheirhomeworkbeforeclass,asithelpschecktheirmasteryofknowledge.老師要求所有學(xué)生課前交作業(yè)，因?yàn)檫@有助于檢查他們對知識的掌握情況。即學(xué)即練1.Nowadayssciencegraduatesareingreaterdemandbecauseadvancedsciencehascreatedmore(demand)jobs.2.Idemanded(take)ahorserideinthemountains.Tomeet/satisfymy(demand),myuncledemandedthatmyfatherandI(keep)tothetrackincasewecouldgetlost.3.First,sciencegraduatesaregreaterdemandthanartonesinChina.4.Theannoyeddesignerenteredthehallanddemanded(tell)thetruth.5.Thegovernmentofficialdemandedthathe(tell)everythingaboutthedamagethefloodhadcaused.6.Inrecentyears,the

demand

skilledworkersinthehightechindustryhasbeengrowing,whichpromotesmoreyoungpeopletolearnprofessionalskills.dateback(to...)(＝datefrom)始于……；追溯到……(后接時(shí)間點(diǎn))搭配：dateback(＝goback)追溯；上溯(后接時(shí)間段)datebackto(＝datefrom)始于；追溯到(后接時(shí)間點(diǎn))注意：datebackto和datefrom一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)，在句中作定語時(shí)，常用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。例句：ThisancienttempledatesbacktotheTangDynasty,andithasbeeanimportantculturalrelicthatweneedtopreservecarefully.這座古老的寺廟可追溯至唐朝，如今已成為我們需要精心保護(hù)的重要文化遺產(chǎn)。即學(xué)即練1.Chineseteadrinkingculturehasalonghistorycandatebackto/datefrommorethan1,000yearsago.2.Chineseteadrinkingculturehasalonghistory(date)backto/datingfrommorethan1,000yearsago.3.Onthetopofthemountainstandsanancienttemple(date)backtotheTangDynasty.4.TheskillsofcookinginChinacandatethousandsofyears.5.Onthetopofthemountainstandsanancienttemplewhich/thatdatesbacktheTangDynasty.6.TheancientcitywallinourhometowndatestheMingDynasty,whichhaswitnessedthedevelopmentofthecityforover600years.regardn.尊重；關(guān)注vt.把……視為；看待搭配：v.regardsb./sth.as+sth把某人/某物看作什么regardsb./sth.(with+情感名詞)注視時(shí)的態(tài)度/情感n.in/withregardtosth.關(guān)于；至于holdsb.in(high/low)regard對某人（高/低）度尊重sendone’sregardstosb.向某人轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)問候inthis/thatregard在這/那方面拓展：regard...as...把……看作……treat…as…把……當(dāng)作……；以……態(tài)度對待……view…as…把……視為……；認(rèn)為……是……recognize…as承認(rèn)……為……；認(rèn)可……是……例句：Weneedtosolvetheproblemofpollutionfirst,andinthatregard，thegovernmenthastakenaction.我們需要先解決污染問題，在那方面，政府已采取行動(dòng)。即學(xué)即練1.一詞多義：①Lincolnisregardedasoneofthemostinspiringpeopleintheworld.②Theteenagerhasnoregardforotherpeople'sfeelings.③Mikehadhighregardforhisoldlawprofessor.④Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.2.YaoMingisregardedoneofthegreatestChineseathletes.3.Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,(regard)asoneofthebestformsofexercise.4.regardtoyourquestionabouttheexamschedule,Iwillreplytoyoutomorrow.5.Sheregardedthestrangercuriosityandwonderedwhohewas.strugglen.&vi.斗爭；奮斗；搏斗搭配：strugglefor為……而斗爭；努力爭取……strugglewith與……作斗爭；與……并肩作戰(zhàn)struggleagainst與……作斗爭；為反對……而斗爭struggletodosth努力做某事例句：It’sastruggleformetostayfocusedwhenthere’ssomuchnoisearound.周圍噪音太大時(shí)，我很難集中注意力。即學(xué)即練1.Theathleterosetohisfeetwithallhisstrength,(struggle)hiswaytothefinishingline.2.Theysufferedaheavydroughtthisyear.Theyhadtostrugglealiving.3.Manyteenagerswillstruggle(find)asenseofbelonging.4.Theyoungmanhasbeenstrugglingfreedomandlovetheseyears.5.Fromnowon,Ihopeeveryoneofuswillstruggle(make)ourdreametrue.6.Wehavetostruggleallkindsofdifficultiesfromhomeandabroad.7.Wearewillingtostruggleourbeautifulfuturewithourhealthybodyandmind.begvt.懇求；祈求；哀求派生：beggarn.乞丐搭配：begyourpardon.[口語]對不起。(請?jiān)僬f一遍)begsbforsth.=begsthof/fromsb.向某人乞求某物beg(sb)todosth.乞求某人做某事例句：Afterclass,Lilyhurriedtotheteacher’sofficeandbeggedhimtoexplainthedifficultmathproblemagain,asshehadn’tfullyunderstooditinclass.課后，莉莉匆匆趕到老師辦公室，懇求老師再講解一遍那道難的數(shù)學(xué)題，因?yàn)樗谡n堂上沒完全聽懂。即學(xué)即練1.Agroupofhomelesspeoplestoodbytheroad,(beg)forsomemoney.2.A(beg)issomeonewholivesbyaskingpeopleformoneyorfood.3.IbeggedHelen(stay),butshewouldn’tlisten.4.Whenthedroughtlastedformonths,thevillagershadtobegthegovernmentmorewatersuppliestosavetheircrops.5.Marywenttothelibraryandbeggedanextensionoftheborrowingtimethelibrarian,becauseshestillneededthereferencebooktofinishherwriting.relatevt.聯(lián)系；講述派生：relatedadj.與……相關(guān)；涉及；談到relationn.關(guān)系relationshipn.關(guān)系relativen.親戚adj.相對的搭配：berelatedto與……有關(guān)relateAto/withB把A與B聯(lián)系起來relate+故事/經(jīng)歷等（sth）+(tosb)向某人講述某事例句：Duringtheclassmeeting,LucyrelatedherunforgettabletravelexperienceinYunnantoherclassmates,whichmadeeveryoneeagertovisitthere.班會課上，露西向同學(xué)們講述了她在云南難忘的旅行經(jīng)歷，這讓所有人都渴望去那里看看。即學(xué)即練一詞多義：①Weshalldiscusstheproblemasitrelatestoourspecificcase.②ThesecondparagraphrelatestothesituationinScotland.2.Thechairmanreferredtomanyfactors(relate)tothefailureoftheplan.3.Itisrequiredthatthepositionshould(relate)tothestudents'life.4.Thepositioncallsfor(relate)experienceinthefieldandgoodskillsatusingputers.5.Whathestressedwasrelated