太極英語(yǔ)Unit12ZhoudichuiandDaojuangong1.ExplainthemeaningofZhoudichuiandDaojuangong.2.IllustratethetwoformsinEnglish.3.LearnabouttheproceedingsoftraditionalChinesemarriage.LearningObjectives1.解釋“撇身捶”和“雙推掌”的意思。2.用英語(yǔ)講解這兩個(gè)招式。3.了解中國(guó)結(jié)。Directions:Readthefollowingdialogueandmakeyourowninpairs.ZhoudichuiandDaojuangongA:Robin.ShallwelearnanthertwoformsofTaiChitoday?B:Yes.A:Whatarethey?B:TheyareZhoudichuiandDaojuangong.A:Sorry.Idon’tunderstandwhat’sthemeaningofZhoudichui.肘底捶和倒卷肱甲：羅賓。我們今天要再學(xué)兩招太極拳嗎？乙：是的。甲：是哪兩種？乙：是肘底捶和倒卷肱。甲：抱歉。我不太明白你說(shuō)的肘底捶是什么意思。B:Letmeclarify1itthisway.“Zhou”inChineseiselbowinEnglish,and“chui”ishammer2.ZhoudichuimeansahammerundertheelbowinEnglish.A:Excuseme.Doyourefertoahammerundertheelbow?Butwhereisthehammer?乙：我這么解釋吧。漢語(yǔ)中的“肘”是英語(yǔ)中的elbow，“捶”是hammer。肘底捶在英語(yǔ)里就是ahammerundertheelbow。甲：討教一下。你是指胳膊肘下邊的錘子嗎？可錘子在哪兒?。緽:Well,whatImeanisthathammerisjustametaphor3,meaningafistforaheavybeat.A:Oh,Isee.Thetermhammerisusedtoshowtheexplosive4powerofthefistwhenputintoeffect.CanIunderstanditthatway?B:Yougotit.A:Sincethat,whynotnameitthumpundertheelbow?乙：好吧，我想說(shuō)的是錘子只是個(gè)比喻，意思是重重出擊的拳頭。甲：哦，我明白了。錘子一詞用來(lái)說(shuō)明演練此招時(shí)拳頭的爆發(fā)力。我能這么理解嗎？乙：說(shuō)得對(duì)。甲：既然如此，何不稱(chēng)之為thumpundertheelbow？B:Well-explained!Thewordthumpjustmeansaheavybeatingwithafist.A:MayIthenadoptthisname?B:Absolutelyyes.Thanksforyourtips.A:Welcome.TellmeaboutDaojuangong,then.B:“Dao”meanstostepbackward,“juan”referstorollingup5,and“gong”isthearm.乙：說(shuō)得好！thump一詞正好就是用拳頭重?fù)舻囊馑肌＜祝耗俏夷懿捎眠@個(gè)名字嗎？乙：絕對(duì)可以。謝謝你的提醒。甲：不用謝。那再給我說(shuō)說(shuō)倒卷肱吧。乙：“倒”的意思是后退步，“卷”指的是卷起來(lái)，而“肱”則是指胳膊。A:Sorry,whatdoesitmeanbyputtingthemalltogether?B:Thatis,Daojuangongissteppingbackwardbyrollingupthearm.A:I’mreallysorryfortakingupsomuchofyourtime.ButIdothinkitquitehelpfultoexploreitsnamebeforeplayingtheform.B:Iagreewithyou.Therearemanyformsofpictographic6boxinginChinesemartialarts.TaiChiisnoexception7.甲：不好意思，它們放到一起是什么意思呢？乙：那是說(shuō)，倒卷肱是后退步并卷起胳膊。甲：真不好意思，占用了你那么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。但是，我確實(shí)認(rèn)為打這一招太極拳之前，先弄明白它的名稱(chēng)十分有幫助。乙：我同意你的看法。中國(guó)武術(shù)中有很多象形的招數(shù)。太極拳也不例外。A:Iknowthat.Inthissimplifiedset,JingangDaoduiandBaiheLiangchiarebothexamples.Robin,mayIaskyouanotherquestion?B:Goahead,please.A:Whichformisbetter,ZhoudichuiorDaojuangong?甲：我知道。這套簡(jiǎn)化套路中，金剛搗碓和白鶴亮翅就是兩個(gè)例子。羅賓，我能再問(wèn)你個(gè)問(wèn)題嗎？乙：但說(shuō)無(wú)妨。甲：肘底捶和倒卷肱哪一招更好？B:Thereisnobetterorworse.Butit’ssaidthatYangLuchan,aTaiChimaster,becamefamousovernight8fortheformofZhoudichui,intheCapitalofBeijing.A:Thatistosay,ZhoudichuiisbetterthanDaojuangong.B:Itshouldnotbeunderstoodlikethat.A:Why?乙：沒(méi)有好壞之分。但是據(jù)說(shuō)太極大師楊露禪就是因?yàn)橹獾状愤@一招而一夜之間名揚(yáng)京師的。甲：那就是肘底捶好過(guò)倒卷肱了。乙：也不能這么說(shuō)。甲：為什么呢？B:SomesaidthatYangLuchanexertedDaojuangongbeforehisZhoudichui.A:Itseemsthatitisreallyhardtosaywhichformissuperiororinferior.TellmeaboutYangLuchan,please.B:ThereareseveralschoolsofTaiChi,youknow.乙：有人說(shuō)楊露禪施展肘底捶之前先用了倒卷肱。甲：看來(lái)真不好說(shuō)孰優(yōu)孰劣。那請(qǐng)給我講講楊露禪吧。乙：你知道太極拳有好幾個(gè)流派吧。A:Yeah.ThereareYang-style,Wuu-style,He-style,Wu-style,Sun-style,andsoon.B:YangisthefoundingmasterofYang-styleTaiChi.HepaidthreevisitstoChenjiagouVillage,acquired9Chen’sTaiChionthesneak10,eventuallyobtainedthepermissionofChenChangxingandmasteredtheartat40.Asaresult,heestablishedtheYangSchoolofTaiChionthebasisofhisdiligenceandwisdom.甲：是的。有楊式、武式、和式、吳式、孫式等。乙：楊露禪就是楊式太極拳的鼻祖。他三下陳家溝，偷偷學(xué)得陳氏太極拳，終于獲得陳長(zhǎng)興的許可，40歲藝成。結(jié)果，他憑借自己的勤奮和智慧，創(chuàng)立了楊式太極拳A:Wonderful.Buthowdidhelearnitonthesneak?B:It’salongstory.It’sbettertolearnitwellbefore.A:OK.Buttellmelater,please.B:Allright.甲：了不起?？墒撬窃趺赐祵W(xué)的呢？乙：這說(shuō)來(lái)話長(zhǎng)。還是先把這招學(xué)好再說(shuō)吧。甲：好的?？墒且院笠嬖V我哦。乙：好的。ReadTable8anddoTasksA,B,CandD.TaskA:Pairwork—basicunderstanding1.WhereisthehammerinZhoudichui(FistundertheElbow)?2.HowmanyactionsarethereinZhoudichui?Whatarethey?3.Whatdoes“dao”meaninDaojuangong(SteppingbackwithWhirlingArms)?4.HowmanyactionsarethereinDaojuangong?Whatarethey?TaskB:Groupwork—Brainstorming1.HowtodescribeastandingcirclewithbothhandsinZhoudichui?2.Whydoesthelefthanddescribeadownwardarcinaction1ofDaojuangong?3.Whentheleftpalmisrisingupward,whereisitscenterfacinginaction2ofDaojuangong?4.Whenstrokingdownward,howshouldthelefthandbebroughttochestlevelandtherighthandcutdownovertherightkneeinaction3ofDaojuangong?Table8:ZhoudichuiandDaojuangong13.Zhoudichui(FistundertheElbow)Action1:Bothhandsdescribealevelcircleandcrossinfrontofthechest,andshifttheweightleftwardandswingtherightfootoutward(Fig.13-1-1).Bothhandsdescribeastandingcirclewiththerighthandabovetheleftone,andshifttheweighttotherightintoanemptystance,theeyesmovingwiththepalm(Fig.13-1-2).ChineseEnglish13.肘底捶動(dòng)作一：雙手劃平圓并于胸前交叉，左移重心，同時(shí)右腳外擺（圖例13-1-1）。雙手劃立圓，右手在左手上方，重心右移成虛步，目隨掌動(dòng)（圖例13-1-2）。Notes：1)Whencrossingthearms,thelefthandstaysoutsideandtherighthandstaysinside.2)Afterthestandingcircle,theleftpalmrisestothetopleftandtherightpalmpressestotherightwaistintoafist.3)Whentheweightisontherightleg,leaduptheenergy,drawintheshouldersslightly,relaxthehipsandbendtheknees,withinwardenergy1throughtheentirebodysoastomaketherightlegsupportthebodysteadily2.ChineseEnglish注：1)雙臂交叉時(shí)，左手在外，右手在內(nèi)。2）劃立圓后，左掌領(lǐng)起至左上方，右掌按至右腰間變?nèi)?）重心在右腿時(shí)，頂勁領(lǐng)起，胸微內(nèi)含，松胯屈膝，周身合勁，以使右腿支撐穩(wěn)固。Action2:Withthelefttiptoesreachingthegroundbitbybit,shifttheweightabitforward;asthebodyrotatesleftward,thrusttherightfistbeneath3theleftelbow,lookingforwardhorizontally(Fig.13-2).Notes:1)Whiletheleftfoottaps4theground,itshouldbesimultaneoustodrivetherightfootagainsttheearth,crouchthebodyalittleandthrusttherightfist.2)Beforethrustingtherightfist,itisamusttodrawinthechestandsettle5thewaist,withtheQi(internalenergy)sinkingdownward.ChineseEnglish動(dòng)作二：左腳尖漸漸點(diǎn)地，重心略前移，右拳隨身體左轉(zhuǎn)沖至左肘下，眼平視（圖例13-2）。注：1)左腳點(diǎn)地時(shí)，要同時(shí)右腳蹬地，身體微蹲，沖右拳。2）沖右拳之前，要含胸塌腰，氣向下沉。Chinese14.Daojuangong(SteppingBackwithWhirlingArms)Action1:Stepleftbackwardandpushtherightpalmforward;shifttheweightleftward,andmeanwhile,turnleftwardandguidethelefthandinadescendingarctotheleft,withanintent6ofoutwardforce(Fig.14-1-1).Stretchthepalmstoeachside,andthenturnrightward,pushingtheleftpalmtothefrontofthechestandraisingtherightpalmupward(Fig.14-1-2).English14.倒卷肱動(dòng)作一：撤左步推右掌，左移重心，同時(shí)身體左轉(zhuǎn)，左手向左下劃弧，有外撥之意（圖例14-1-1）。雙掌向兩側(cè)展開(kāi)，身體右轉(zhuǎn)，推左掌至胸前，右掌上托（圖例14-1-2）。ChineseNotes:1)Payattentiontotheuseofthepivotingsteptoavoidstraining7thekneeswhenturningthebody.2)Inthefixedposture,theleftpalmstandsinfrontoftheleftchest,facingrightward,andtherightpalmliesflatovertherightknee,facingupward.3)Whensteppingbackward,liftthekneetohiplevel.English注：1）轉(zhuǎn)身時(shí)注意運(yùn)用碾步，以免扭傷膝蓋。2）定勢(shì)中，左掌立于左胸前，掌心向右；右掌橫于右膝上方，掌心向上。3）撤步時(shí)，提膝至胯平。ChineseChineseAction2:Retreat8therightstepandpushtheleftpalm;shifttheweightrightward,andmeanwhile,turnrightwardandleadtherighthandinadownwardarctotheright,withanattempttopushout(Fig.14-2-1).Spreadthepalmstoeachside,andthenturnleftward,pushingtherightpalmtothefrontofthechestandraisingtheleftpalmupward(Fig.14-2-2).Notes:Action2isidenticaltoAction1,butintheoppositedirection.English動(dòng)作二：退右步，推左掌，右移重心，同時(shí)身體右轉(zhuǎn)，右手向右下劃弧，有外撥之意（圖例14-2-1）。雙掌向兩側(cè)展開(kāi)，身體左轉(zhuǎn)，推右掌至胸前，左掌上托（圖例14-2-2）。注：動(dòng)作二和動(dòng)作一完全相同，只是方向相反。ChineseAction3:Withdrawtheleftstepandpengthehandsforward.Retreattheleftstep,strokebothhandsdownward,andmovetheweightleftward.Thelefthandraisestochestlevel,therighthandcutsdownovertherightknee,andtheeyeslookattheleftfront(Fig.14-3).English動(dòng)作三：撤左步，雙手向前掤出。退左步，雙手下捋，左移重心。左手與胸同高，右手下切落于右膝上方，目視左前方（圖例14-3）。ChineseNotes:1)Withdrawthestepintoanemptystance,withthelefttiptoeslandingbesidetherightfoot.Duringthewithdrawingfootwork9,takenoticeofphysicalpatternsandhandtechniques;thespiralenergyisgeneratedbyturningthebodyandtwiningthearms,andbalanceisgeneratedbycombiningthestrokeenergyandthepengenergy.2)Retreatthestepintoabowstance.Whenthelefthandstrokestochestlevel,itspatternisabeakhand10.3）Whenthehandsarespreadingoutward,stretchthechest,openthearms,andcrouchtoroundthecrotch.Whenthehandsstretchtoshoulderlevel,sinktheshouldersanddroptheelbows,maintainingtheintegratedforcethroughoutthewholebody.English注：1）撤步成虛步，左腳尖落在右腳旁。撤步期間，注意身型和手法；纏絲勁生于轉(zhuǎn)體旋臂，平衡生于捋掤配合。2）退步成弓步。左手捋至胸平時(shí)，其手型是刁手。3）雙手向外展開(kāi)時(shí)，舒胸開(kāi)臂，下蹲圓襠；兩手開(kāi)至肩平時(shí)，沉肩墜肘，保持周身勁力貫通。TaskC:Groupwork—explorethefollowingquestions1.WhyisitcalledZhoudichui?2.Whatistheuseoftheform?3.WhyisitnamedDaojuangong?4.Whydoesthisformexist?TaskD:Classwork1.It’ssuggestedtodividetheclassintotwogroups.OnegroupdoesZhoudichui(FistundertheElbow)andtheothermakesDaojuangong(SteppingBackwithWhirlingArms).Whenastudentisperformingtheform,otherstudentsshouldtrytomakeuseofbriefEnglishtodescribetheinvolvedactions.2.Pickoutoneortwogroupstomaketheperformanceinpublicasthemodel.Theteacherissuggestedtocorrectthestudents’Englishdescriptions.Bearinmindthatanyencouragementiswelcome.Step1:Workinagroupofthreeorfour.Readthepassageandcompletethefollowingquestionswiththegivenexpressions.1.What/thejoys/you/experienced?2.What/theFourGreatJoys/life?3.What/thoseunmarriedadults/encounter/feudalsociety?4.What/thesinglegrown-ups/encounter/moderntimes?5.What/beobserved/thepreparation/amarriage?6.What/thethreeletters?7.What/thesixetiquettes?8.What/auspiciousmatching/thirdstep/thesixetiquettes?9....(morequestionsareencouraged)TraditionalChinesemarriage

Traditionally,therearetheFourGreatJoys1inChineselives,namely,thetimelyrainafteralongdrought,theencounterwithanoldfriendinadistantland,theweddingnightwithcandlesaglow2,andthesuccessintheimperialexamination3.Ofthem,thethirdreferstoChinesemarriage.ChineseEnglish中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)婚姻傳統(tǒng)上，在中國(guó)人的生活中有“四大喜”，即：久旱逢甘霖，他鄉(xiāng)遇故知，洞房花燭夜，金榜題名時(shí)。其中，第三個(gè)就是指中國(guó)的婚姻。

InChina,itiswidelyheldthat“Menmustwedwhengrown,womenmustmarrywhenmature.”InlateimperialChina,itwasdeemedludicrous4foramalenottoengageinamarriagebeyondhisguanli5(cappingceremony),anditwasseenasridiculousforafemalenottoestablishamaritalhouseholdafterherjili6(pinningceremony).Andtheadultswhostayedunmarriedmightevenbepunishedbythegovernment.AccordingtotheGreatMingCode,“Ifamaleisovertwentyyearsoldorafemaleoverfifteenyearsoldandhasnotyetmarried,theheadofthehouseholdshallbepunishedwitheightystrokesofthecane.”IncontemporaryChina,thosegrown-upsatmarriageableagesmayhavetocomeundermuchpressurefromfamily,relativesandevensocietyiftheyarestillsingle.ChineseEnglish在中國(guó)，“男大當(dāng)婚，女大當(dāng)嫁”的觀念廣為接受。在中國(guó)的帝制晚期，男子冠禮過(guò)后不聘婚被視為是荒誕的，女子笈禮過(guò)后不成家被視為是可笑的。那些不結(jié)婚的成年人甚至可能會(huì)受到政府的懲處。根據(jù)《大明律》，“凡男年二十、女年十五以上未嫁娶者，家長(zhǎng)杖八十?！痹诋?dāng)代中國(guó)，到了適婚年齡卻仍單身的成年人，可能會(huì)承受來(lái)自家庭、親友乃至社會(huì)的諸多壓力。

Chinaisabigcountry,wheretherearevariouscustomsandevenverydifferentpracticesregardingmarriage;butmostlyChinesepeopleabideby7acommonpattern—ritesfirstandthenmarriage.Exactly,thereareThreeLettersandSixEtiquettes.ThoughChineseenjoymorefreedominselectingtheirfuturespousenowadaysthaninthepast,whenthecouple-to-beshouldnevermeeteachotherbeforetheirmarriage,themodernChinesearestillfollowingthetraditionalprinciplestoalargedegree.ChineseEnglish中國(guó)是一個(gè)大國(guó)，各地的婚俗不盡相同，甚至存在很大差異，但大多數(shù)中國(guó)人都遵循著一個(gè)共同的模式——先禮后婚。具體來(lái)說(shuō)，就是“三書(shū)六禮”。如今，中國(guó)人在選擇未來(lái)配偶方面比過(guò)去擁有更多自由（過(guò)去，準(zhǔn)新人在婚前是絕對(duì)不能見(jiàn)面的），但現(xiàn)代人在很大程度上仍然遵循著傳統(tǒng)的原則。

ThreeLettersconsistoftheEngagementLetter8,theGiftLetterandtheWeddingLetter.Thefirstletterisactuallyaletterofinquisition9aboutwhetherthegirl’sfamilywouldliketoaccepttheproposalofmarriage.Thesecondlettershouldbeaccompaniedbyalistofpresentsforthepotentialmarriage.Oncethegirl’sfamilyacceptstheGiftLetter,itmeansthetwofamilieswillbegintoprepareforthecomingmarriage.Ontheweddingday,thethirdletterwillbesenttothebride’shomeasaformaldocumenttoacceptthebrideasamemberofthebridegroom’sfamily.Ofcourse,ithasbeenreplacedwithamarriagelicense10nowadays.ChineseEnglish三書(shū)，包括聘書(shū)、禮書(shū)和婚書(shū)。第一封文書(shū)實(shí)際上是探詢女方家庭是否樂(lè)意接受提婚要求的文書(shū)。第二封文書(shū)應(yīng)該附上為這樁潛在婚姻準(zhǔn)備的禮物清單。一旦女方家庭接受這封禮書(shū)，就意味著雙方家庭將會(huì)開(kāi)始為即將到來(lái)的婚姻做準(zhǔn)備。婚禮當(dāng)天，第三封文書(shū)就會(huì)被送到新娘的家里，作為一種正式文件，接受新娘成為新郎家庭的一名成員。當(dāng)然，它如今已經(jīng)由結(jié)婚證替代。

Incompanywiththethreeletters,therearethesixetiquetteswhichareasfollows:proposing,nameasking,auspiciousmatching,giftpresenting,dateselectingandbridereceiving.Incontemporarysociety,ChinesepeoplehavemuchmorefreedomandopportunitiestoselecttheirMr.RightorMrs.Right,andthesixetiquettesaregenerallysimplifiedintothree,namelyproposing,dateselectingandbridereceiving.ChineseEnglish與三書(shū)相對(duì)應(yīng)，還有如下六禮，分別是納采、問(wèn)名、納吉、納徵、請(qǐng)期和親迎。現(xiàn)如今，中國(guó)人擁有更多的自由和機(jī)遇去挑選他們的“真命天子”或“西施夫人”，六禮一般被簡(jiǎn)化成三禮，即問(wèn)名、請(qǐng)期和親迎。Step2:Listenandcheck.Practicethequestionsandanswerswithinagroup,andthenelectonerepresentativetodoaclasspresentationonbehalfofthegroup.Othergroupmembersmakeupforanylostinformation.1.Whatarethejoysyouhaveexperienced?2.WhataretheFourGreatJoysinlife?3.Whatmightthoseunmarriedadultsmeetinfeudalsociety?4.Whatdothesinglegrown-upsencounterinmoderntimes?5.Whatwillbeobservedinthepreparationforamarriage?6.Whatarethethreeletters?7.Whatarethesixetiquettes?8.Whatisauspiciousmatching,thethirdstepofthesixetiquettes?9....(morequestionsareencouraged)感謝您的觀看太極英語(yǔ)Unit13ShantongbeiandYanshougongquan1.ExplainthemeaningofShantongbei.2.IllustratethetwoformsinEnglish.3.LearnaboutthebridereceivingintraditionalChinesemarriage.LearningObjectives1.解釋“閃通背”的意思。2.用英語(yǔ)講解這兩個(gè)招式。3.了解中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)婚姻中的“親迎”。Directions:Readthefollowingdialogueandmakeyourowninpairs.BehindShantongbeiA:Robin,howcanwesaywe’veunderstoodthisformShantongbei?B:Areyoutired,Samson1?A:Well.No.Ijustwanttoknowifthereisanend.B:BeforeIanswer,pleasebearinmindonepoint;thatis,listencarefullytomyanswerbeforeyoumakeanycomments.IsthatOK?閃通背的背后甲：羅賓，怎么才算我們理解了這招閃通背呢？乙：參孫，你累了嗎？甲：哦。不累，我只是想知道什么時(shí)候能學(xué)完這個(gè)招式。乙：在我回答之前，請(qǐng)牢記一點(diǎn)，那就是仔細(xì)聽(tīng)我說(shuō)完，然后再說(shuō)出你的意見(jiàn)。好嗎？A:Noproblem.I’llbeveryattentive2.B:WangAnshi3saidinaletter,“ItisperhapsthenameanditscontentparticularlythattheConfuciansarearguingabout.”So,let’sbeginwithitsname.A:OK.Whatdoesitsnamesuggest?甲：沒(méi)問(wèn)題。我會(huì)很專(zhuān)心的。乙：王安石在一封信中寫(xiě)道：“蓋儒者所爭(zhēng)，尤在于名實(shí)?！蹦敲矗蹅兙蛷乃拿终f(shuō)起吧。甲：好的。它的名字能夠說(shuō)明什么呢？B:Letmeputitliterally4.Itsnameconsistsoftwoparts:“shan”and“tongbei”.A:Whatdotheymean?B:“Shan”meanstoturnasideorbacktoavoidattacks;“tongbei”meanstomovetheinternalenergythroughtheback.Haveyouknownthis?A:Yes,Ihave,butthereshouldbemoretoitthanitsEnglishexplanationwhichis“turnbackwithenergythroughtheback”.乙：讓我從字面上講講吧。其名字包含兩部分“：閃”和“通背”。甲：它們是什么意思？乙：“閃”就是要閃到一旁或轉(zhuǎn)身以避鋒芒；“通背”就是要運(yùn)內(nèi)勁貫通脊背。你知道這一點(diǎn)了吧？甲：是的，我知道，不過(guò)它的含義應(yīng)該不止英語(yǔ)解釋里的“要運(yùn)內(nèi)勁貫通脊背”那么簡(jiǎn)單。B:Thisisjustaquestionofnaming.Let’sunderstanditintermsofcontent.Howmanyexplosivepoints5doyouknowinthisform,Samson?A:Two,Ithink.Oneisthepalm-dashingexplosion,andtheotheristhefoot-quakingexplosion.B:Welldone!Butdoyouknowhowtodoitwell?A:Withstrength!乙：這僅僅是個(gè)命名的問(wèn)題。咱們從內(nèi)容上理解吧。參孫，你知道這招里有幾個(gè)爆發(fā)點(diǎn)嗎？甲：我想有兩個(gè)吧。一個(gè)是沖掌，另外一個(gè)是震腳。乙：說(shuō)得好！可是你知道怎么做好嗎？甲：用力！B:Layman6somewhat.InTaiChi,thereisalwaysgoodpreparationbeforeanyexplosivemovement.Strengthisjustthephysicalembodimentofinternalenergy.A:Gee!Letmethink.Beforethepalmdashes,itisrequiredtohaveasteadycenterofgravity;so,shifttheweighttotheright,stepleftforward,andshiftleftwardanddashouttherightpalmquickly.Igotit.Thesteadyweightisitsbasis.AmIright?乙：有點(diǎn)外行了。在太極拳里，任何爆發(fā)動(dòng)作之前皆有妥善準(zhǔn)備。力只是內(nèi)勁的外在體現(xiàn)而已。甲：哎呀！讓我想想。沖掌之前，要求重心穩(wěn)定，所以重心右移，左前方上步，左移重心，迅速?zèng)_右掌。有了。重心穩(wěn)定是這招的基礎(chǔ)，對(duì)吧？B:Yes.Alloftheshiftsofweight,thespadefootworkandthebowstanceformtheverypreparationsoastomaketherightpalmdasheffectively.A:Thankyouforthis.HereisanexampleoftheYin-Yangevolution7.ThepalmdashisYang,andthepreparationisYin;YangcomesfromYin.乙：是的。所有的重心轉(zhuǎn)換，鏟步和弓步構(gòu)成恰到好處的準(zhǔn)備，使得右沖掌行之有效。甲：謝謝。這正好是陰陽(yáng)演化的例子。沖掌是陽(yáng)，準(zhǔn)備是陰。陽(yáng)自陰生。B:It’sfunchattingwithyou.YougosofarastoexperienceTaiChitheoryfromaspecific8form.Wonderful!A:Don’tmentionit.Iwastiredofitjustnow.B:Ha-ha.ThereshouldbeanotherYin-Yangevolution.Remembertheotherexplosion?A:Thefootquake.It’stheYangforce,butwhere’stheYinenergy?Isthattheturningback?乙：和你聊天很有意思。你竟然從具體的招數(shù)里體會(huì)到太極拳理論。真了不起??！甲：別提了，剛才我還厭倦這招呢。乙：哈哈。應(yīng)該還有個(gè)陰陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)化。記得另外一個(gè)爆發(fā)嗎？甲：震腳。它是陽(yáng)勁，但是陰勁在哪兒呢？就是那個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)身嗎？B:Yes.Butexactly,it’stheinhaled9breathwhileturningbackintotheair.Youknow,tostoreQiisYin,andtomakeitintostrengthisYang.A:Fantastic!B:OK.It’stimeforyourinspiration10.A:Shantongbeiisgood.B:Why’sthat?A:BecauseTaiChiisgood.B:Gee.Whatonearthdoyoumean?乙：是的。不過(guò)準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)，是空中轉(zhuǎn)體時(shí)的吸氣。你知道的，蓄氣如陰，發(fā)力為陽(yáng)。甲：太精彩了！乙：好了。該聽(tīng)聽(tīng)你的感悟了。甲：閃通背好。乙：何出此言？甲：因?yàn)樘珮O拳好。乙：哎呀！你究竟要說(shuō)什么？A:Robin,I’vegotanideaallofasuddenthatShantongbeicanbeaperfectexampletoillustratethetheoryofTaiji.B:Really?A:“Taijimakestwoopposites.”ThetwoformsarejustYinandYang.WhatImeanisthattheformofShantongbeiistheveryevolutionbetweenYinandYang.B:Congratulations.Nexttimeitisyouthatwillpresentittotheclass.A:No!甲：羅賓，我突然有個(gè)想法，這招閃通背可以作為一個(gè)闡述太極理論的完美例子。乙：真的？甲：“太極生兩儀?！眱蓛x即陰陽(yáng)。我是說(shuō)，閃通背這個(gè)招式本身，就是陰陽(yáng)之間的轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程。乙：恭喜恭喜。下一次，向全班人做陳述的就是你了。甲：別??！ReadTable9anddoTasksA,B,CandD.TaskA:Pairwork—basicunderstanding1.WhatisShantongbeiinEnglish?2.HowmanyactionsarethereinShantongbei?Whatarethey?3.WhatisYanshougongquaninEnglish?4.HowmanyactionsarethereinYanshougongquan?Whatarethey?TaskB:Groupwork—Brainstorming1.WheretoputtheleftpalmwhilepressingdowntherightpalminAction1ofShantongbei?2.Whentherightpalmrushesoutfromthewaist,whereisthelefthandinAction2ofShantongbei?3.AfterthebodyturniscompletedinAction3ofShantongbei,whichfootshouldbejerked?4.WhatshouldbepaidmuchattentiontoifyouwanttomakeShantongbeidonequickly,gracefullyandcompletely?Table9:ShantongbeiandYanshougongquan15.Shantongbei(TurningBackwithEnergythroughtheBack)Action1:Shifttheweighttotheleft,andinthemeantime,lifttherightknee,raisetherightpalmanddroptheleftpalm;then,steprightforward,swingtherightpalmoutwardandpresstheleftpalm(Fig.15-1-1).Shifttheweighttotheright,andthen,stepleftforward,swingtheleftpalmforwardandpresstherightpalmdownward,withtheeyesstaringatthefront(Fig.15-1-2).ChineseEnglish動(dòng)作一：重心左移，同時(shí)提右膝，起右掌，落左掌；然后上右步，右掌外擺，按左掌（圖例15-1-1）。重心右移，上左步，左掌前擺，按右掌，目視前方（圖例15-1-2）。Notes:1)Shifttotheleftintoaone-legstance;bothhandscombinebeforethechestinaclockwisearc.2)Whensteppingrightforward,swingtherighthandtoeyelevelandpressthelefthandbesidethelefthip,clockwise.3)Whensteppingforward,crouchthebodyandsecurely1graspthegroundwiththerightfoottoes.Onlyafterachievingstableweightdistributioncantherebeabrisk2leftstepforwardandcontinuousandconcerted3movements.ChineseEnglish注：1）重心左移成獨(dú)立勢(shì)；雙手順時(shí)針劃弧合于胸前。2）上右步時(shí)，右手?jǐn)[至眼高，左手以順時(shí)針?lè)较虬粗磷罂枧浴?）上步時(shí)，身體下蹲，右腳趾牢牢抓地。待重心穩(wěn)固后，左腳才能輕靈地邁步，動(dòng)作應(yīng)連貫協(xié)調(diào)。Action2:Shifttheweightforward,drivetherightfootagainsttheearth,turnthewaistandtwinethearms;inthemeantime,shaketherightpalmupwardfromthewaist,withthefingertipsleadingupward.Lookingatthefront(Fig.15-2).Notes:1)Shiftforwardintoaleftbowstance.2)Astherightpalmthrustsupward,theleftpalmpressesdownbesidethelefthip.3)Whileshiftingforward,drawinthechest,lowerthewaist,andmaintaintheinwardenergythroughoutthewholebody.Whentheshakingenergy4explodes,itreachesthefingertips.ChineseEnglish動(dòng)作二：重心前移，右腳蹬地，扭腰旋臂，同時(shí)右掌由腰間向上抖出，指尖上領(lǐng)，目視前方（圖例15-2）。注：1）前移重心成左弓步。2）隨右掌上沖，左掌下按至左胯旁。3）前移重心時(shí)，含胸塌腰，周身合勁。抖勁發(fā)力時(shí)，勁達(dá)指尖。ChineseAction3:Turnovertherightpalmoutwardandleadtherighthandupward;withtheleftfootasanaxis,raisetherightkneeandturnbackfromtheright(Fig.15-3-1).Thenstomp5therightfoot,pressdownthepalms,andlifttheleftknee,lookingleft(Fig.15-3-2).Notes:Whenthebodyisturningright,therightarmleadstheenergy.Itshouldbewellcompletedinonebreathtorevolve6thearms,twistthewaist,turnthehipsandraisetheknee.English動(dòng)作三：右掌外翻，右手上領(lǐng)，以左腳為軸，提右膝，同時(shí)身體從右側(cè)向后轉(zhuǎn)身（圖例15-3-1）。震右腳，按掌，提左膝，目視左側(cè)（圖例15-3-2）。注：身體右轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，以右臂領(lǐng)勁。旋臂、扭腰、轉(zhuǎn)胯、提膝，要一氣呵成。Chinese16.Yanshougongquan(PunchwithaCoveringPalm)Action1:Takealeftspadestep,andthenshifttheweightleftwardandseparatethepalmsdownwardstoeachside;shifttheweightrightwardandcombinethehands,therighthandchangingintoafistandstandingbeforetherightchestandthelefthandpressinginfrontoftherightfist(Fig.16-1).Notes:1)Asthehandsseparateoutward,botharmsspiraloutward(shunchan).Asthehandscloseinward,botharmstwineinward(nichan).2)Therightfiststandsinfrontoftherightchest,withitsfaceupwardanditsheartinward.English16.掩手肱拳動(dòng)作一：左鏟步，左移重心，下分掌至身體兩側(cè)；右移重心，合手，右手握拳立于右胸前，左手按于右拳前方（圖例16-1）。注：1）雙手外分，雙臂順纏。雙手內(nèi)合，雙臂逆纏。2）右拳立于右胸前，拳面朝上，拳心朝內(nèi)。ChineseChineseAction2:Shifttheweightleftwardanddrivetherightlegagainsttheground,makingtherightfistdashforward(Fig.16-2).Notes:1)Beforethefistthrust,storeenergyfully,whichislikeawell-compressed7firecrackerforexplosiverelease.Whiledrivingtherightfootagainsttheground,itshouldbecompletedinonebreathtotwistthewaist,shaketheshouldersandthrustthefist.2)Whengeneratingtheforce,exhale,leadupthecrownenergy8,andsinkthecenterofgravityslightly.Whentherightfistandtheleftelbowechowitheachother,therewillbeenergynaturallyproducedfromthefistfaceandelbowtip.English動(dòng)作二：左移重心，蹬右腿，沖右拳（圖例16-2）。注：1）沖拳前，蓄勁要足，蓄勁如卷炮。右腳蹬地時(shí)，擰腰、抖肩、沖拳要一氣呵成。2）發(fā)力時(shí)，呼氣，頂勁領(lǐng)起，重心微下沉。右拳與左肘相互呼應(yīng)，力自然發(fā)于拳面和肘尖。TaskC:Groupwork—explorethefollowingquestions1.WhyisitcalledShantongbei?2.Howtomakeuseoftheenergyinthisform?3.WhatistheutmostimportantinmakingYanshougongquan?4.Whyshouldtherebeamutualechobetweentherightfistandtheleftelbow?TaskD:Classwork1.It’ssuggestedtodividetheclassintotwogroups.OnegroupdoesShantongbei(TurningBackwithEnergythroughtheBack)andtheothermakesYanshougongquan(PunchwithaCoveringPalm).Whenastudentisperformingtheform,otherstudentsshouldtrytomakeuseofbriefEnglishtodescribetheinvolvedactions.2.Pickoutoneortwogroupstomaketheperformanceinpublicasthemodel.Theteacherissuggestedtocorrectthestudents’Englishdescriptions.Bearinmindthatanyencouragementiswelcome.Step1:Workinagroupofthreeorfour.Readthepassageandcompletethefollowingquestionswiththegivenexpressions.1.What/themostwonderfulpart/thesixetiquettes?2.What/thebride/do/atdawn/meetingwithherMr.Right?3.What/thebridegroom/do/dawn/hisbride-receivingjourney?4.Why/thecouple-to-be/have/suchamorningceremony/respectively/dawn?5.Why/there/atearfuldeparture/forthebride/herparents?6.Why/there/beredpackets/thegate/thebride’sresidence?7.What/thebridegroomandbride/do/theweddinghall?Why?8.Why/there/entertainments/thebridalchamber?9....(morequestionsareencouraged)BrideReceiving

Ofthesixetiquettesorthreeletters,themostinterestingandcomplicatedistheweddingdaytoreceivethebride.

Atdawn,thebrideshoulddressherselfwellinredandcoverherselfwellwitharedveil,listeningtolessonsonhowtobeagoodwifeandwaitingforherMr.Right1,inherhome.Atthesametime,thebridegroomshouldfirstgetcappedanddressedinalonggown,redshoeswithasilkballonhischest;hewillthenkneelattheancestralaltar2forhispatriarch3’sdeclarationofhisadulthoodtosignifythemanisreadytotakeontheresponsibilitiesoffamily.ChineseEnglish親迎六禮或者三書(shū)之中，最有意思也最為復(fù)雜的是婚禮當(dāng)天接新娘。黎明時(shí)分，新娘應(yīng)該身著紅袍，面遮紅紗，聆聽(tīng)如何做一個(gè)賢妻良母的教誨，在家中靜候她的“真命天子”。與此同時(shí)，新郎要先戴高帽、著長(zhǎng)袍、穿紅鞋、胸口挎一個(gè)紅繡球。然后，新郎要長(zhǎng)跪于祠堂，恭迎一家之主宣告其成年，這表示該男子即將承擔(dān)家庭責(zé)任。

Thecomingisthewell-knownbride-receivingjourney.Onthewaytothebride’shome,itisnecessarytoplaymusicandsetofffirecrackers.Atthegateofthebride’sresidence,thebridegroomwillgothroughsomecarefully-designedgametestsfromthebride’ssistersandrelatives;atthemoment,itishiscourage,wisdomandfriendshipthatcanhelphimselfoutofthesespecialtests,butgenerally,redpackets4containingmoneyarenecessaryinordertotakehisbrideasearlyaspossible.ChineseEnglish接下來(lái)，就是大家熟知的“迎親之旅”。在去新娘家的路上，要吹吹打打、放鞭炮。在新娘家大門(mén)前，新郎要經(jīng)歷新娘娘家姊妹和親戚精心設(shè)置的一些游戲考驗(yàn)。此時(shí)此刻，只有新郎的勇氣、智慧和人緣才會(huì)幫助他通過(guò)這些特殊考驗(yàn)，但是一般來(lái)說(shuō)，為了盡早接新娘回家，裝有禮金的紅包是必不可少的。

Afterthebride’stearfuldeparturefromherparents,thebridewillsitinaredsedanchair5.Onthewaytohernewhome,thebridalsedanchairwillbecurtainedsothatshecanbeawayfromanythinginauspicious6,andfirecrackerswillbesetofftodriveawayevilspirits.Bythethreshold,thebride,afterawaveofnoisyandloudfirecrackers,willgetofffromhersedanchairandstandonaredmatandstepoveraflamingstoveandsaddle,meaninganout-of-evil,clean,andbravebride.

Thefollowingisagrandweddingceremony.Thenewcoupleisguidedtotheweddinghall.Withalltheguests,relativesandfriendsaround,theyaredirectedtokowtowthreetimes,toHeavenandEarth,totheirparents,andtoeachother.Then