太極英語Unit15YunshouandQuedilong1.ExplainthemeaningofYunshouandQuedilong.2.IllustratethetwoformsinEnglish.3.LearnmoreaboutChinesevalues.LearningObjectives1.解釋“云手”和“雀地龍”的意思。2.用英語講解這兩個(gè)招式。3.了解更多中國的價(jià)值觀。Directions:Readthefollowingdialogueandmakeyourowninpairs.CloudHandsorMovingHandsA:Hi,Francis.I’vegotanideaofhowtosayYunshouinEnglish.B:Goahead,please.A:Itiscloud-likehands.B:Youmeanthehandsarelikeclouds,Christine?A:Imeanthemovinghandsarejustlikedrifting1clouds.云手還是運(yùn)手甲：嗨，弗朗西斯。關(guān)于如何用英語說云手，我有個(gè)想法。乙：說來聽聽。甲：就是cloud-likehands。乙：你是說雙手像云朵嗎，克瑞絲??？甲：我是說運(yùn)行起來的雙手像飄動(dòng)的云朵。B:Howromantic2!It’swellsaidthatagirl’smindislikethecloudsinthesky,whileyoucomparehandswithclouds.A:That’salittletoofar.Imeanthatfortworeasons.B:Gladtohearyourbigidea.乙：真是浪漫??！都說女孩兒的心，天上的云，而你把雙手比作云呢。甲：有點(diǎn)跑題了。我那樣說有兩個(gè)原因。乙：愿聞高見。A:Firstofall,thehand-wavingcirclesarelikelumpsofcloudsinshape.Secondly,thesimile3canshowthepurposeofYunshou,whichistomakeamistofdefence.B:Youmeanthecloud-likedefencecanmaketheattackerperplexed4soastolosehisattackingdirection,right?A:Yougotit.It’syouthatmakesenseofmymindbest.甲：首先，揮手形成的圓圈在形態(tài)上像是一團(tuán)團(tuán)云朵。其次，這個(gè)比喻剛好表明了云手的目的，就是要做出一種迷霧般的防守。乙：你是說云一樣的防守可以迷惑對(duì)方，從而讓其失去進(jìn)攻方向，對(duì)嗎？甲：你說得對(duì)。還是你最懂我。B:Noflattering5.Perhapsyouwillnotbesosatisfiedwithmynextcomment.A:Whatdoyoumean?B:Ithinkitmightbemoreaccurate6tosaymovinghands.A:Why?B:Thinkaboutit.Howdoyoumakeyourmistofdefence?A:Bymovingone’shands.乙：別奉承?；蛟S下邊的話你就不會(huì)那么滿意了。甲：什么意思？乙：我認(rèn)為說成movinghands更準(zhǔn)確些。甲：為什么？乙：你想想。你怎么做出迷霧般的防守呢？甲：靠運(yùn)手啊。B:That’sright.Thisnamingiseasytounderstandandremember.Whynotadoptit?A:ButRobinsaidthatyuninChinesemeanscloud.B:Isee.Butyouknow,TaiChiwascreatedduringtheturnoftheMingandQingdynasties,whentherewasnostandardChinese7.乙：那就對(duì)了。這種命名方式容易理解還好記。為何不采用呢？甲：可是羅賓說過，“云”在漢語里就是云朵啊。乙：我知道?？墒悄阒赖模珮O拳創(chuàng)立于明末清初，當(dāng)時(shí)還沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)漢語呢。A:Whatareyoutryingtosay?B:Iwanttosaythecharacter“yun”isadialect,andprobablymeansmovingormovement.A:Whocares?Anyway,thecharacter“yun”iscloudforthetimebeing.Iappreciatemyversion8.B:Idon’tdisagreewithyouinthisrespect.Youknowtheprinciplethat“Harmonyenjoyspriority.”Idon’tthinkitnecessaryforustohaveaquarrelaboutit.甲：你要說什么呢？乙：我想說這個(gè)“云”字是方言，可能意思是運(yùn)行或運(yùn)動(dòng)。甲：誰在乎？無論如何，當(dāng)前的“云”字就是云朵。我喜歡我的說法。乙：這一點(diǎn)上，我不會(huì)跟你有分歧。你知道那個(gè)“和為貴”的原則吧。我認(rèn)為我們沒有必要為此吵上一架。A:Wellsaid.Harmonyenjoyspriority9.Sincethat,let’senjoyYunshou.B:I’dbegladto.甲：說得好。和為貴。既然如此，咱們還是用Yunshou吧。乙：好。ReadTable11anddoTasksA,B,CandD.TaskA:Pairwork—basicunderstanding1.WhatisYunshouinEnglish?2.HowmanyactionsarethereinYunshou?Whatarethey?3.WhatdoesQuedilongmeaninEnglish?4.HowmanyactionsarethereinQuedilong?Whatarethey?TaskB:Groupwork—Brainstorming1.InYunshou,isthestandingcirclemadebytherighthandclockwiseorcounter-clockwise?Whataboutthestandingcirclemadebythelefthand?2.What’sthepurposeofdescribingthestandingcircleinYunshou?3.InQuedilong,howtomaketheleftarmrestontherightone?4.InQuedilong,howtomaketherightfistheartfacethefront?Table11:YunshouandQuedilong19.Yunshou(CloudHands)Action1:Describeastandingcirclewiththerighthand.Shifttheweighttotheright,drawastandingcirclerespectivelywithbothhands,insert1theleftfootbehindtherightleg,simultaneously(Fig.19-1).ChineseEnglish19.云手動(dòng)作一：右手劃立圓。重心右移，雙手劃立圓，左腳向右后方插步，同步進(jìn)行（圖例19-1）。Notes:1)Noticethesymmetry2ofbothhands.Theright-handcircleisclockwisewhiletheleft-handcircleiscounterclockwise.Therighthandmovesupwardwhilethelefthandrunsdownward;viceversa.2)Noticetheconsistency3betweenthetorsoandhands.Turnleftwardandsplitleftwardwithbothhands;turnrightwardandsplitrightwardwithbothhands.3)Noticetheconsistencybetweenbothhands.Whenthehandsmovetotheright,bothfaceoutwardforleftsplittingenergy4;conversely5,forrightsplittingenergy.ChineseEnglish注：1）注意雙手的相對(duì)性。右手圓順時(shí)針，而左手圓逆時(shí)針。右手行之上，則左手運(yùn)之下；反之亦然。2）注意身體和雙手的一致性。左轉(zhuǎn)雙手左挒，右轉(zhuǎn)雙手右挒。3）注意雙手的一致性。雙手運(yùn)到右側(cè)，掌心向外，左挒；反之，右挒。Action2:Turnleftward,describeastandingcirclerespectivelywithbothhands,andtakearightopeningstep(Fig.19-2).Action3:Shifttheweighttotheright,drawastandingcirclerespectivelywithbothhands,inserttheleftfootbehindtherightleg,simultaneously(Fig.19-3).Action4:Turnleftward,describeastandingcirclerespectivelywithbothhands,andtakearightopeningstep(Fig.19-4).ChineseEnglish動(dòng)作二：身體左轉(zhuǎn)，雙手劃立圓，右開步（圖例19-2）。動(dòng)作三：重心右移，雙手劃立圓，左腳向右后方插步，同步進(jìn)行（圖例19-3）。動(dòng)作四：身體左轉(zhuǎn)，雙手劃立圓，右開步（圖例19-4）。ChineseNotes:1)Action3isthesameasAction1;andAction4isthesameasAction2.2)Theupperlimbsmovefromthewaist,whichdrivestheshoulderstoleadtheelbowstocarrythehands.Thelowerlimbsarerequiredtorelaxthehipsandbendtheknees.Theupperandlowerlimbsshouldfolloweachotherandmoveincoordination.English注：1）動(dòng)作三同動(dòng)作一，動(dòng)作四同動(dòng)作二。2）上肢以腰催肩，以肩領(lǐng)肘，以肘帶手。下肢則松胯屈膝。動(dòng)作要上下相隨，協(xié)調(diào)配合。Chinese20.Quedilong(DragonRollingDownward)Action1:Changethehandsintofistsandturnthetorsoleftwardslightly,withtheleftfistfallingontherightupperarm.Thenshifttheweightrightward,revolvethearmsandturnoverthefists(Fig.20-1).Action2:Guidetherightarmupwardwiththeheartofthefistfacingthefront;andmeanwhile,shifttheweightgraduallyontotherightleg,falltheleftarmwithitsfistheartfacingupward,lowertheshouldersandtheelbows,crouchthewholebody,andlookahead.Thenimmediately,turnleftwardandlookleftward(Fig.20-2).English20.雀地龍動(dòng)作一：雙手握拳，身體微左轉(zhuǎn)，左拳落于右上臂。右移重心，旋臂翻拳（圖例20-1）。動(dòng)作二：右臂上領(lǐng)，拳心翻轉(zhuǎn)向前，同時(shí)重心緩緩移至右腿，左臂下落，拳心向上，沉肩墜肘，周身下蹲，目視前方。隨即左轉(zhuǎn)，左顧（圖例20-2）。ChineseChineseNotes:1)Whilecrouching,sinktheQiwiththedescendingtorso,maintainingtheinwardenergythroughouttheentirebody,andmeaninganuprush6ofpotentialpower.2)Inthefinalposture,itisacrouchingstance7;asthetorsorotatesleftward,therightfiststaysintheupperrightrear8,facingleftward,whiletheleftfistrestsovertheleftleg,facingupward.English注：1）下蹲時(shí)，氣也隨之下沉，周身合勁，有上沖之意。2）定勢(shì)中，步型為仆步；隨軀干左轉(zhuǎn)，右拳立于右后上方，拳心朝左，左拳置于左腿上方，拳心向上。TaskC:Groupwork—explorethefollowingquestions1.Whatdoes“yun”mean?Isitcloud-likeormoving?2.WhatistheuseoftheformYunshou?3.WhyisitnamedQuedilong?4.WhydoestheformQuedilongexist?TaskD:Classwork1.It’ssuggestedtodividetheclassintotwogroups.OnegroupdoesYunshou(CloudHands)andtheothermakesQuedilong(DragonRollingDownward).Whenastudentisperformingtheform,otherstudentsshouldtrytomakeuseofbriefEnglishtodescribetheactionsinvolved.2.Pickoutoneortwogroupstomaketheperformanceinpublicasthemodel.Theteacherissuggestedtocorrectthestudents’Englishdescriptions.Bearinmindthatanyencouragementiswelcome.Step1:Workinagroupofthreeorfour.Readthepassageandcompletethefollowingquestionswiththegivenexpressions.1.What/theThreeCardinalGuides?What/youthink/them?2.What/theFiveConstantVirtues?What/youthink/them?3.What/theInteractionbetweenNatureandHumanity?What/youthink/it?4.What/Chinesevalues/Taoism?5.What/Chinesevalues/Buddhism?6.What/youcomment/them?7.What/the24characters/thevalues/modernChina?8.What/yourunderstanding/them?9....(morequestionsareencouraged)ChineseValues(2)

ThreeCardinalGuides,FiveConstantVirtuesandInteractionbetweenNatureandHumanity

IntheHanDynasty,Chinesevalueswereputintomorenationalwill.OwingtoDongZhongshu’sproposalandthestrongsupportofEmperorWudiinthestrugglebetweenConfucianismandTaoism,Chinesevaluesevolvedintotheso-calledThreeCardinalGuides,FiveConstantVirtuesandtheInteractionbetweenNatureandHumanity.Theformermeanstheabsoluteauthorityofanemperoroverhissubjects,ahusbandoverhiswifeandafatheroverhisson.Themiddlereferstofiveeternalvirtues,namely,benevolence,righteousness,propriety,wisdomandfidelity1.Thelastaimstopromoteharmoniousexchangebetweenmanandnature.ChineseEnglish中國人的價(jià)值觀（2）三綱、五常和天人感應(yīng)在漢代，中國人的價(jià)值觀注入了更多的國家意志。由于董仲舒的提議和漢武帝在儒道之爭中給予的強(qiáng)大支持，中國人的價(jià)值觀演化成了所謂的三綱、五常和天人感應(yīng)。三綱指君為臣綱（皇帝對(duì)其臣民擁有絕對(duì)權(quán)威）、夫?yàn)槠蘧V（丈夫?qū)ζ淦拮訐碛薪^對(duì)權(quán)威）和父為子綱（父親對(duì)兒子擁有絕對(duì)權(quán)威）。五常指的是仁、義、禮、智、信五種永恒的美德。天人感應(yīng)旨在促進(jìn)人與自然之間的和諧交流。

Obviously,theseideasdrovesignificantprogressinshapingChinesevalues.Undertheguidanceofthosevalues,Chinesepeoplebecamemuchmoreunited,andmoreactivatedintheirpersonal,familyandnationalaffairs.IntheHanDynasty,ourcountrybecamethemostpowerfulandwealthiestcountryintheworld.However,therewerealsosomeextremes.Forexample,theThreeCardinalGuidesweretooabsolute,theinteractionwasdevelopedintotheemperor’sinteractionwithheaven,andtheemperorbecametheonlySonofHeaven.ButtheFiveConstantVirtuesarestillobservedbymostofmodernChinesepeople.ChineseEnglish顯然，這些觀念推動(dòng)了中國人的價(jià)值觀的重大進(jìn)步。在這些價(jià)值觀的指導(dǎo)下，中國人在個(gè)人、家庭和國家事務(wù)方面變得更加團(tuán)結(jié)，也更具積極性。漢朝時(shí)，我國成了世界上最強(qiáng)盛、最富足的國家。然而，其中也存在一些極端之處。例如，三綱過于絕對(duì)，天人感應(yīng)發(fā)展為皇帝與上天的互動(dòng)，并且皇帝變成了唯一的“天子”。但是現(xiàn)在五常依然被大多數(shù)中國人所奉行。

ValuesinTaoismandBuddhism2

TaoismwasgreatlydevelopedintheEasternHanDynasty.ItisclaimedtobethesecondlargestprominentschoolofphilosophyinancientChina.Therefore,Taoistvaluesinevitably3leftsomeimprintsonChinesevalues.ManyTaoistprinciplesarestillpopularwithChinesepeople.ModernChinesestillgiveprioritytowisdom;manyholdtheideathatsoftnesscanwinoverhardnessandYinandYangcomplementeachother.Someinsistonasecludedlife;theythinkitquitegoodnotfightingwiththeideaofnon-actionorbeingcontentandkeepingjoyful.ChineseEnglish道教和佛教的價(jià)值觀道教在東漢時(shí)期得到了很大發(fā)展。據(jù)稱是古代中國第二大著名的哲學(xué)流派。因此，道教價(jià)值觀不可避免地給中國人的價(jià)值觀留下了一些印記。許多道家準(zhǔn)則至今依然受到中國人民的歡迎。當(dāng)代中國人依然最看重智慧，許多人堅(jiān)信柔能勝剛、陰陽互補(bǔ)的觀念。一些人主張過隱居生活，他們認(rèn)為本著無為思想，不抗?fàn)幓蛑愠芬膊诲e(cuò)。

Indailylife,itisnotuncommonthatmanyChinesepeoplethinkhighlyofafableAnOldManHavingLostHisHorseattheBorder.ThefablewaswrittenbyLiuAn4andrevealedablessingindisguise5,showingpeoplethemutualtransformationofblessinganddisaster.Inthesameway,itdoes,tosomedegree,owetoTaoismthatmanyChinesearetryingtoseekaneasylifeorkeepafreespiritwhentheyareintroubleorcomedownintheworld.Inaword,theseprinciplesofTaoismarealsoanintegralpartofChinesevalues.ChineseEnglish日常生活中，許多中國人非常贊同“塞翁失馬”這個(gè)寓言。它是劉安所寫，揭示了因禍得福的道理，向人們展示福禍相互轉(zhuǎn)化的現(xiàn)象。在某種程度上，同樣由于道家學(xué)說，許多中國人身處麻煩之中或者失魂落魄之時(shí)，會(huì)試圖尋求一種安逸的生活或保持灑脫的心境。總之，這些道教準(zhǔn)則也是中國人的價(jià)值觀不可分割的一部分。

BuddhismcamefromabroadintheHanDynastyandreacheditssummitintheSuiandTangdynasties.Owingtoitscontributionofcomeuppance6andthelife-deathsamsara7,whichwereusedforthesolutionstotheConfuciancontradictionsinlifeandhumanity,Buddhismwasalsoabsorbedintothemain-streamvaluesystem.Perhaps,thisiswhymanyChinesewouldliketothinkmorethanoncebeforetakinganaction.Tosomeextent,itisBuddhismthatmakestheChinesepeoplethinkoftheirpast,presentandfuturelife.ChineseEnglish佛教于漢代從域外傳入，在隋唐時(shí)期達(dá)到鼎盛。由于其提出的“因果報(bào)應(yīng)”與“生死輪回”理念為儒家思想在人生與人性問題上的矛盾提供了解決方案，佛教也因此被納入主流價(jià)值體系?；蛟S，這就是為什么許多中國人在行動(dòng)之前愿意三思。從某種程度上說，是佛教讓中國人開始思考自己的前世、今生與來世。

Actually,manyChinesepeopleoftenquoteafamousBuddhistlinethat“WhowouldgointothehellifI’dnot?8”Thelinerevealsasolemnandcourageousspiritofdevotion9,whichissimilartooneofthetenets10ofConfucianism:Itistogiveuplifeforrighteousness.Forthousandsofyears,manyChinesehavebeeninhonorofthisprinciple;wheneverandwherever,therewillbethousandsofChinesewhowouldneverescapetheirdestiny.ChineseEnglish事實(shí)上，許多中國人經(jīng)常引用一句著名的佛門禪語“我不入地獄，誰入地獄?！边@條禪語體現(xiàn)了一種莊嚴(yán)而勇敢的獻(xiàn)身精神，它類似儒家的信條之一：舍生取義。數(shù)千年來，許多中國人一直尊崇這個(gè)準(zhǔn)則；無論何時(shí)何地，總會(huì)有成千上萬的中國人直面命運(yùn)，絕不逃避。

24-characterChineseValuesBasedonalloftheabove,aconclusioncanbedrawnthatChinesevaluesaretheexpressionsofasynthesis11ofvariousphilosophies.BeforetheestablishmentofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,ChinesepeoplehadalsobeeninfluencedbywesternphilosophieslikecapitalismandMarxism.Beforethereformandopening-upperiod,ChinahadwitnessedthegreatpracticeofMarxismandMaoZedongThought.Now,ChinahassteppedintoaneweraandhasbeenexperiencinggreatvaluechangesfromthepracticeofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.Eventually,awhollynewvaluesystemhasbeenenactedonthepieceofpromisingland,named“CoreSocialistValues”.ChineseEnglish二十四字中國價(jià)值觀基于以上各種觀點(diǎn)，可以得出結(jié)論，中國人的價(jià)值觀是各種各樣哲學(xué)思想的綜合表現(xiàn)。中華人民共和國成立之前，中國人也受到了像資本主義和馬克思主義這樣的西方哲學(xué)影響。在改革開放以前，中國見證了馬克思主義和毛澤東思想的偉大實(shí)踐。如今，中國進(jìn)入了嶄新的時(shí)代，在中國特色社會(huì)主義實(shí)踐中經(jīng)歷著深刻的價(jià)值觀變化。最終，在這片充滿希望的土地上建立了一套全新的價(jià)值體系——社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀。

Thevaluesystemisalsocalledthe24-charactervalues,becauseitincludes24Chinesecharacters.Itisathree-layerstructure.Atth