太極英語Unit16ShangbuqixingandXiabukuahu1.ExplainthemeaningofShangbuqixingandXiabukuahu.2.IllustratethetwoformsinEnglish.3.LearnabouttheGreatWall.LearningObjectives1.解釋“上步七星”和“下步跨虎”的意思。2.用英語講解這兩個(gè)招式。3.了解長城。Directions:Readthefollowingdialogueandmakeyourowninpairs.WheretheSevenStarsAreA:Bennett,whathaveyoubeenbusywithyourselfrecently?B:Withastudyoffiguresandstars,Aaron.A:Figuresandstars?That’sfun.Whathaveyoudiscovered?B:I’vefoundthattheChinesepeoplehaveaspecialpreferenceforthestars.Theyputthemintoquiteafewidioms,incombinationwithsomefigures.七星所在甲：貝內(nèi)特，你自個(gè)兒近來忙啥呢？乙：忙著研究數(shù)字和星星，亞倫。甲：數(shù)字和星星？有意思。你有什么發(fā)現(xiàn)？乙：我發(fā)現(xiàn)中國人對(duì)星星真是青睞有加。他們將星星與一些數(shù)字相結(jié)合，創(chuàng)造了很多習(xí)語。A:Idiomslargelyreflectthecultureofanation.YoumusthaveknownmoreaboutChineseculture.Couldyoutellmesome,please?B:Forexample,thereare“thethreestarsshininghigh”“thefivepearl-likestarsinachain1”“theroomlikesevenstars2”,andsoon.甲：習(xí)語在很大程度上能反映出一個(gè)民族的文化。你對(duì)中國文化一定了解更深了。能說幾個(gè)聽聽嗎？乙：比如三星高照、五星連珠和屋如七星等。A:Terrific.Theydohavefiguresandstarswithin.Butwhatdotheymean?B:Thethreestarsshininghighmeansonehasaluckydestiny3.A:Howlucky?B:Itcomestothemeaningofthethreestars,whichrefertotheauspiciousness,salaryandlongevitystarsinthetraditionalChineseculture.Theidiomshowsoneisfortunate4inthesethreeaspects...甲：真了不起！它們真的都包含數(shù)字和星星啊?？墒撬鼈兪鞘裁匆馑及?？乙：三星高照就是形容一個(gè)人命運(yùn)好。甲：命運(yùn)有多好?。恳遥哼@要談到三星的含義了。三星指的是中國傳統(tǒng)文化中的福、祿、壽三顆星星，這個(gè)習(xí)語表示一個(gè)人在這三方面都很順?biāo)臁瑿:Sorrytointerrupt,butyourunderstandingisreallycorrect.ThereisaChinesesayingthatwiththethreestarsshiningintheheight,thenewyeariscomingright.ItisawishofgoodluckforeverybodyintheSpringFestival.Keeponyourtalks,please!A:Seemsthatthestarsarereallyrelatedtodailylife.Then,whatdoestheidiom“fivepearl-likestarsinachain”referto,Robin?丙：抱歉打斷一下，你的理解確實(shí)正確。中國有句俗語說“三星高照，新年來到?！贝汗?jié)時(shí)人們用這句話來祝愿大家好運(yùn)。請(qǐng)繼續(xù)討論！甲：看來星星真的關(guān)系到日常生活啊。那么羅賓，五星連珠這個(gè)習(xí)語又是指什么呢？C:Itreferstothefivestarsturningupinthesamedirection,predictinganauspiciousomen5.A:Whichfivestars?C:Well-asked.Bennettmustbeabletogiveyouananswer.B:Theyarethefivestarsofmetal,wood,water,fire,andearth.TheancientChinesepeoplethoughtthattheworldconsistedofthefivebasicelements.丙：五星連珠就是說五顆星星出現(xiàn)在同一方位，是一種祥瑞兆頭。甲：哪五顆星星呢？丙：問得好。貝內(nèi)特一定能告訴你答案。乙：它們是金、木、水、火、土五星。古代中國人認(rèn)為世界是由這五種基本元素構(gòu)成的。C:It’sbeyondmyexpectationsthatyouhavesomelore6regardingChinesephilosophy.Whatyousaidisactuallytheso-calledFiveElements,whichtheancientsthoughtcomposedthewholephysicaluniverse.B:Sorry.Thatwasajoke.Then,whatarethefivestars?丙：看不出你還對(duì)中國哲學(xué)有所了解?。〔贿^，你說的實(shí)際上是“五行”。古人認(rèn)為整個(gè)物質(zhì)世界都是由五行構(gòu)成的。乙：不好意思，鬧笑話了。那五星是什么呢？C:TheyareVenus,Jupiter,Mercury,Mars,andSaturn.However,they’vegotsomerelationbetween.Thereisasaying,roughly,“fivestarsinthesky;fiveelementsontheearth.”ThemeetingoftheFiveElementsmeansaperfectlife,andnaturally,it’struethat“thefivepearl-likestarsinachain”showsthateverythingisfine,andofcourseisagoodomen.A:Whoa!Herefivestarsmeanthewhole,right?丙：是金星、木星、水星、火星和土星。不過它們之間好像有點(diǎn)聯(lián)系。有種說法，大致就是“天上五星，地上五行?！蔽逍邢嗌嗫耍⒁馍顖A滿。自然，五星連珠，意味著萬事如意，當(dāng)然是好兆頭了。甲：哇！這么說五星意味著全部，對(duì)吧?C:Yougotit.A:So“theroomlikesevenstars”meansmuchmorethanawhole.B:(giggling)That’stoofar.Theidiomdescribesaroomwithverypoorlivingconditions,withmanyholesinitsceiling,likethesevenstars.A:Whichsevenstars?丙：說得對(duì)。甲：那么“屋如七星”就是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過全部的意思了。乙：（咯咯笑）扯遠(yuǎn)了。這個(gè)習(xí)語形容的是居住條件很差，房頂有很多洞，猶如七顆星星。甲：哪七顆星星呢？A:AsDaoismsays,theyaretianshu7,tianxuan,tianji,tianquan,yuheng,kaiyangandyaoguang,respectively.C:Oh.ItmeanstheCharles’sWain8,ortheUrsaMajor9inthewesternculture.A:Isn’titthenregular?Itshouldbewell-spaced.乙：根據(jù)道家所言，它們分別是天樞、天璇、天機(jī)、天權(quán)、玉衡、闿陽（開陽）和搖光七顆星星。丙：哦！就是西方文化里的北斗七星，或者說大熊星座。甲：那不挺有規(guī)則的嗎？該說錯(cuò)落有致??！B:Nokidding.Who’dliketoliveinaroomwhoseroofisfullofholesandenjoythemoonthroughtheholes?A:Then,theremaybemorethan7stars.B:Yes.A:DoyoustillthinktheyarethesamesevenstarsclaimedbyTaoism?乙：別逗了。誰愿意住在屋頂都是洞洞的屋里并透過這些洞洞賞月呢？甲：如此說來，那也可能不止七星了。乙：是的。甲：那你還認(rèn)為這是道家所說的七星嗎？B:Lookslikethere’ssomethingwrong.Robin,couldyouexplainit?C:Itjustmeansagreatnumber.InChineseculture,numberssometimesaredefinitedenotation10,sometimesnot.Itdepends.B:MayIaskonequestion?IwonderwherethesevenstarsareintheformShangbuqixing.乙：看來是有問題。羅賓，你能解釋一下嗎？丙：它只是形容數(shù)量多罷了。在中國文化中，數(shù)字有時(shí)是實(shí)指，有時(shí)不是。視情況而定。乙：我能問個(gè)問題嗎？我想知道這招“上步七星”里的七星在哪里。C:Agoodquestion.HereqixingmeansapositionratherthanthesevenstarsintheUrsaMajor.ButitdoeshavesomethingtodowithDaoism.A:Infact,I’mwonderingwhichstartoattackaftersteppingforward.B:Thenwhereisthepositiononearth?A:Itisthebird’sneck.丙：問得好。這里的“七星”是一個(gè)方位，而不是大熊星座里的七顆星星。但是，它的確和道家學(xué)說有些關(guān)系。甲：其實(shí)我也納悶來著，上步之后，真搞不準(zhǔn)要攻擊哪顆星星。乙：這個(gè)位置究竟在哪里啊？丙：它指的是鳥脖子。B:Thebird’sneck!Whydoyoumeanbythat?C:Qixingisthefourthstopoftherosefinch11;thenamecomesfromthesevenstarsinit.B:Rosefinch,Iknow,it’soneofthefoursymbols12.Butwhydoyoucallitabirdneck?C:Hereisanallusion13.AccordingtoHistoricalRecords,qixingistheneckoftherosefinch,thethroat,meaningsomethingurgent.乙：鳥脖子！何出此言？丙：七星是南方朱雀的第四宿；因其中有七顆星而得名。乙：朱雀，我知道，就是四象之一?？墒悄銥槭裁凑f它是鳥脖子啊？丙：這里有個(gè)典故?！妒酚洝分杏涊d：“七星，頸，為員官，主急事?！盇:So,Shangbuqixingaimstoattackthethroatoftheattackers,right?C:Yes.Thethroatisreallyakeypassageforlife.Fromitsname,itclearlystressesattackingapositionthatmustbeprotected.B:Thankyou,Robin.Iwillnotworryaboutwheretheqixingareanymore.A:NorwillI.C:You’rebothwelcome.I’mverygladtotalkwiththestudentswhoarediligentinlearning.甲：所以，上步七星的目的在于攻擊對(duì)方的咽喉，對(duì)吧？丙：對(duì)。咽喉確實(shí)是關(guān)乎生命的要害通道。就其名字而言，它明顯在強(qiáng)調(diào)要攻擊一個(gè)必須加以保護(hù)的部位。乙：謝謝你，羅賓。我再也不用糾結(jié)七星在哪里了。甲：我也是。丙：不客氣。很高興能跟學(xué)習(xí)勤奮的學(xué)生交談。ReadTable12anddoTasksA,B,CandD.TaskA:Pairwork—basicunderstanding1.WhatisShangbuqixinginEnglish?2.HowmanyactionsarethereinShangbuqixing?Whatarethey?3.WhatisXiabukuahuinEnglish?4.HowmanyactionsarethereinXiabukuahu?Whatarethey?TaskB:Groupwork—Brainstorming1.WhatdoesthesidemeaninAction1ofShangbuqixing?Therightorleftside?2.WhytakeabrakingstepinAction1ofXiabukuahu?3.Whileshiftingleftandswingingtherightfootoutside,howtomovethetwohandsinAction3ofXiabukuahu?4.InAction3ofXiabukuahu,whatisthestrokinglinefromforwardtobackward?Table12:ShangbuqixingandXiabukuahu21.Shangbuqixing(SteppingForwardforSevenStars)Action1:Swingtheleftfootoutward;asthecenterofgravitymovesleftward,theleftfistdashesupwardandtherightarmdescends1tothesideofthebody（Fig.21-1）.Notes:1)Theleftfistthrustsupwardwithanaimtostriketheopponent’schin2incombatapplication.2)Duringtheweighttransfer3fromrighttoleft,thespiralenergyisexpressedintwiningoutwardtheleftarmandrightlegandinwardtherightarmandleftleg.ChineseEnglish21.上步七星動(dòng)作一：左腳外擺，隨左移重心，左拳上沖，右臂落于體側(cè)（圖例21-1）。注：1）左拳上沖，實(shí)戰(zhàn)中旨在擊打?qū)Ψ较骂€。2）重心從右向左轉(zhuǎn)換期間，纏絲勁體現(xiàn)于左臂右腿順纏和右臂左腿逆纏。Action2:Lifttherightknee,andimmediatelyadvancetherightstepandthrusttherightfistundertheleftfist(Fig.21-2).Notes:Lifttherightkneetohiplevel.Inthefinalposture,therighttiptoestouchthegroundintoanemptystanceandthefistsfaceeachotherhighasthechest.ChineseEnglish動(dòng)作二：提右膝，隨即上右步，右拳沖入左拳下（圖例21-2）。注：提膝至胯平。定勢中，右腳尖前點(diǎn)成虛步，雙拳相對(duì)與胸高。Chinese22.Xiabukuahu(SteppingBackintoaTiger-ridingStance)Action1:Turnoverthefistsinwardintopalms,andsquatslightly,withtherightpalminside.Thentakeabrakingstep4andpushthepalms(Fig.22-1).Notes：1)Bothfiststurnoverfromupwardtoinward.2)Whentakingabrakingstepandpushingthepalms,maintainsubtle5outwardexpansioninbotharmpits6andelbows,withtheforcereachingthebaseofthepalm.English22.下步跨虎動(dòng)作一：雙拳翻轉(zhuǎn)內(nèi)收成掌，身體微下蹲，右掌在里，頓步推掌（圖例22-1）。注：1）雙拳由上向內(nèi)翻轉(zhuǎn)。2）頓步推掌時(shí)，兩腋和兩肘微外撐，力達(dá)掌根。ChineseAction2:Dropthehandsandshifttheweighttotheleft.Withtheleftfootasanaxis,liftthekneeandturnright,andmeanwhile,invertthepalmsinwardandleadthemupward,therighthandinside.Thenstamptherightfootandpressthepalmsdownward,theenergytothehandbasesandtheeyeslookingforward(Fig.22-2).Notes：1)Lifttherightkneetohiplevelandturnright90degreesorso.Duringtheprocess,inhaletoaccumulateenergyforinstantaneous7force.2)Whenstampingthefootandpressingthepalms,whetherlightlyorheavily,itisamusttosinktheQithroughoutthebody,ensuringtheintegrityoftheforce.English動(dòng)作二：雙手下落，重心左移；左腳為軸，提膝右轉(zhuǎn)，同時(shí)雙掌內(nèi)翻上領(lǐng)，右手在內(nèi)；震右腳，按掌，力達(dá)掌根，目視前方（圖例22-2）。注：1）右膝提至胯平，右轉(zhuǎn)90度左右。期間，吸氣蓄勢待發(fā)。2）震腳按掌，無論輕重，均須周身氣向下沉，確保勁力完整。ChineseChineseAction3:Shifttheweighttotheleft,thenturnrightward,swingtherightfootoutwardandseparatethepalmsdownwardtoeachside.Thenshifttheweighttotheright,theleftfootpointingtothegroundahead,thehandsdescribinganupwardarcandthengatheringtogether,withtherighthandintheinnerleftarm(Fig.22-3).Notes:1)Turnrightabout45degrees.Raisethehandstoshoulderlevel.2)Whenthepalmsstaytogetherinfrontofthebody,theleftstandsaboveandtherightdroopsbelow.English動(dòng)作三：重心左移，右轉(zhuǎn)，右腳外擺，下分掌至身體兩側(cè)。重心右移，左腳點(diǎn)于前方，雙手上劃弧后合臂，右手置于左臂內(nèi)側(cè)（圖例22-3）。注：1）右轉(zhuǎn)約45度。雙手上領(lǐng)至肩高。2）雙掌于體前相合時(shí)，左掌立于上，右掌垂于下。ChineseAction4:Shifttheweighttotheleftintoaleftone-legstance.Withdrawtherightstep;asthecenterofgravityistowardstherightleg,bothhandsstrokebackward,withtherighthandleadingtheenergyandtheeyeslookingahead（Fig.22-4）.Notes:1)Intheleftone-leggedstance,lifttherightkneetohiplevel.2)Whenretreatingtherightfoot,theaimistocatchtheopponent’shandandstrokeitbackward;theactionsshouldbeunfolding8andgenerous,withtheunityofformandspirit.English動(dòng)作四：重心左移，左獨(dú)立勢。撤右步；隨移重心到右腿，雙手后捋，以右手領(lǐng)勁，目視前方（圖例22-4）。注：1）左獨(dú)立勢，提右膝至胯平。2）右退步時(shí)，有接手后捋之意，動(dòng)作要舒展大方，形神兼?zhèn)?。TaskC:Groupwork—explorethefollowingquestions1.WhyisitcalledShangbuqixing?2.WhatistheuseoftheformofSteppingForwardforSevenStars?3.WhyisitnamedXiabukuahu?4.HowtomakeuseoftheformofSteppingBackintoaTiger-ridingStance?TaskD:Classwork1.It’ssuggestedtodividetheclassintotwogroups.OnegroupdoesShangbuqixing(SteppingForwardforSevenStars)andtheothermakesXiabukuahu(SteppingBackintotheTiger-ridingStance).Whenastudentisperformingtheform,otherstudentsshouldtrytomakeuseofbriefEnglishtodescribetheactionsinvolved.2.Pickoutoneortwogroupstomaketheperformanceinpublicasthemodel.Theteacherissuggestedtocorrectthestudents’Englishdescriptions.Bearinmindthatanyencouragementiswelcome.Step1:Workinagroupofthreeorfour.Readthepassageandcompletethefollowingquestionswiththegivenexpressions.1.Which/theSevenWonders/possibletobeseen/space?2.Howmuch/youknow/theGreatWall?3.When/theGreatWall/build?Howmuchwork/invest?Andhowmanyyears/ittake?4.Why/theGreatWall/built/extendedsuccessively/differentdynasties?5.Why/theGreatWall/call/thecreativewonder/theancientChinesepeople?6.What/you/think/saying/hewhohasneverbeentotheGreatWallisnotatrueman?7.Who/FrancisBacon?Youagree/hisideathathistorymakesmenwise?Why?8.Whatcomments/you/have/thetwotypesoftheGreatWall?9....(morequestionsareencouraged)The10-thousand-liGreatWall

WemaybewonderingwhetheritisreallypossibletoseethetraceoftheGreatWallinspace,butthereisnodoubtthatitabsolutelydeservestobeagreatsymbolofChinesecivilization,andoneoftheSevenWondersoftheworld.ChineseEnglish萬里長城我們或許會(huì)疑惑，在太空中是否真有可能看到長城的痕跡，但毫無疑問，它絕對(duì)稱得上是中華文明的偉大象征之一，也是世界七大奇跡之一。

TheGreatWallislocatedinthenorthofChina,runningover8,800kilometersinlength,crossingtenadministrativeregions,namely,Liaoning,Hebei,Tianjin,Beijing,Shanxi,InnerMongolia,Shaanxi,Ningxia,GansuandQinghai.Ithasbeenwinding1acrosshighmountains,deepgrasslandsandevenvastdesertsfromeasttowest,formorethan2,000years.TheChinesepeoplehavelonglikenedtheGreatWalltoagiantdragonmajestically2coilingacrossthelandofChina,andChinaitselfistheEasternDragon.Itis,therefore,clearhowimportantapositiontheGreatWallholdsinthemindsoftheChinesepeople.ChineseEnglish長城位于中國北部，綿延8800多千米，橫貫10個(gè)行政區(qū)域，即遼寧、河北、天津、北京、山西、內(nèi)蒙古、陜西、寧夏、甘肅和青海。兩千多年來，它自東向西，蜿蜒穿梭于崇山峻嶺、廣袤草原乃至浩瀚沙漠之中。中國人早已將長城比作一條威嚴(yán)地盤踞在中華大地上的巨龍，而中國本身就是“東方巨龍”。由此可見，長城在中國人心中占據(jù)著何等重要的地位。

TheGreatWallwasoneofthegreatwondersoftheancientChinesepeople.ItwasoriginallycompletedbyQinShiHuang,thefirstemperorinChinesehistory.Followingtheunification3ofthewarringstatesin221BC,theFirstEmperorstartedtheconstruction4oftheGreatWallbyconnectingmanyoftheexistingborderwalls,whichwereoriginallybuiltbyfeudallordsasdefenseworks,inordertoensuretheirstatesaprolongedstability.Withlotsofmaterialsandnearlyonemillionpeople,aboutaquarterofthetotalpopulationatthattime,thegreatprojectwasfinishedwithinabout10years,stretchingmorethan10,000kilometers.Thus,therecamethe10,000-liGreatWall.ChineseEnglish長城是古代中國人民創(chuàng)造的偉大奇跡之一。它最初由秦始皇，即中國歷史上第一位皇帝主持完成。公元前221年，秦始皇統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)國諸國后，開始將諸侯各國原本為防御而修建的許多邊境城墻連接起來，構(gòu)筑長城，以確保國家長治久安。這項(xiàng)浩大的工程耗費(fèi)了大量物力和近百萬人力（約占當(dāng)時(shí)全國總?cè)丝诘乃姆种唬?，歷時(shí)約10年完工，全長超過一萬公里。于是，“萬里長城”之名便由此而來。

Later,theGreatWallwasconsolidatedandextendedindifferentperiods,byvariousrulersoftheHanDynasty,theFiveDynastiesperiod,andtheSuiDynasty,butwiththesamepurposetoguardterritory5againstthenorthernnomadic6tribes.ThemodernGreatWallislargelyfromtheremainsoftheMingDynasty.ItbeginsfromtheYaluRiverintheeasttoJiayuPassinthewest,stretchingover8,000kilometers.Itisestimatedthatifthebricks,stonesandearthareusedtobuildawall,onemeterthickandfivemetershigh,itcantravelaroundtheearthonce.ChineseEnglish此后，長城在不同時(shí)期由各代統(tǒng)治者進(jìn)行加固與擴(kuò)建，包括漢代、五代時(shí)期及隋代，但其目的始終是抵御北方游牧部落、保衛(wèi)領(lǐng)土。如今的長城主體多源自明代遺跡，東起鴨綠江，西至嘉峪關(guān)，全長超過8000公里。據(jù)估算，若將建造長城所用的磚、石、土筑成一堵1米厚、5米高的墻，其長度足以繞地球一周。

Lookingbackthroughthehistory,thereisnodenyingthegreatnessofthisprojectandthepracticalroleasanefficient7militarydefence.Giventhepoorworkingconditionsandbackwardtechnologyinfeudalsocieties,chancesarethatnoonewouldliketosavetheiradmirationforthediligenceandhardworkoftheseancientpeople.Asthesayinggoes:“HewhohasneverbeentotheGreatWallisnotatrueman.”Ithasbecomeaworldattractionwhichappealstomillionsoftouristseachyearfromallovertheworldforthetimebeing.In1987,UNESCOlistedtheGreatWallamongtheprestigious8WorldHeritageSites.ChineseEnglish回顧歷史，不可否認(rèn)這項(xiàng)工程的偉大之處，也不可否認(rèn)其作為高效軍事防御工事的實(shí)際作用?？紤]到封建社會(huì)惡劣的工作條件和落后的技術(shù)，人們定會(huì)對(duì)古代先民的勤勞與付出心生敬佩。俗話說：“不到長城非好漢?！遍L城已成為世界級(jí)的旅游勝地，每年吸引著來自世界各地的數(shù)百萬游客。1987年，聯(lián)合國教科文組織把長城列入了著名的世界遺產(chǎn)名錄。

Ontheotherhand,itisequallyadmittedthattheGreatWallspanningthousandsofmilescouldneverguaranteeacountryalonggovernanceandperpetual9stability.EmperorTaizongoftheTangDynastysaidthat“Withhistoryasamirror,itiscleartoknowdynasticalcycles.”FrancisBacon10saidthat“Historiesmakemenwise.”Itsfirstandsuccessivebuilderslosttheirdynasties,notbecausetheirwallswerenotstrongenough,notlongenough,ornotgreatenough,butbecausetheylostthetrustoftheirpeople.ChineseEnglish另一方面，同樣需要承認(rèn)的是：綿延萬里的長城從來就不能保證一個(gè)國