Unit1ScienceFiction重點(diǎn)詞匯閱讀單詞1．ridiculousadj.2．a(chǎn)bsurdadj.3．laddern．4．whereasconj.5．rumourn．6．presumevt.&vi.7．faren．8．a(chǎn)lienn．9．blurredadj.10．inactionn．11．bonusn．12．nailn．13．suspendvt.14．grammen．15．venuen．16．paneln．17．inchn．18．handkerchiefn．19．levern．20．gripvt.&vi.21．hazyadj.22．puffn．23．joltn．24．flipvt.&vi.25．stunvt.26．overstatementn．27．IsaacAsimov28．Braille(alsobraille)29．TheThree-BodyProblem30．HugoAward重點(diǎn)單詞1．n．小說；虛構(gòu)的事2．n．誠實(shí)正直；完整；完好3．n．莊重；莊嚴(yán)；尊嚴(yán)4．n．薪水；薪金5．n．女售貨員；女推銷員6．vt.讓(某人)離開；解散；解雇；消除7．weeklyadj.8．chairwomann．9．flourn．10．salesmann．11．a(chǎn)dj.更好的；占優(yōu)勢的；(在級別或重要性上)更高的12．n．勞動(者)；體力勞動vi.奮斗；努力工作13．n．皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套14．a(chǎn)dv.向后；倒著；往回15．niecen．16．fetchvt.17．lampn．18．pacen．19．randomadj.20．maximumadj.詞匯拓展1．a(chǎn)ppointmentn．預(yù)約；約會；委任→vt.任命；委派；指定；約定2．guiltyadj.內(nèi)疚的；有罪的；有過失的→n．內(nèi)疚3．declarevt.表明；宣稱；公布→n．宣稱；聲明4．calculatevt.計(jì)算；核算；預(yù)測→n．計(jì)算器→n．計(jì)算5．divisionn．分開；分隔；差異；除(法)→vt.分開；分散；分配；分享6．urgen．強(qiáng)烈的欲望；沖動vt.催促；力勸；大力推薦→adj.緊急的；急迫的7．explodevi.&vt.爆炸；爆破→n．爆炸；(感情)爆發(fā)；激增8．mudn．泥；泥漿→adj.泥濘的重點(diǎn)詞組1．testout2．morelike3．ona...basis4．prosandcons5．superiorto6．takeover7．conflictwith8．turnout9．fallaway10．haveanurgeto重點(diǎn)句型1．Assheturnedaround，GladysClaffern.她一轉(zhuǎn)身，就看到格拉迪絲·克拉芬站在那兒。Sheheardhimdeclarethathedidnotwanttoleaveherthenextday，andthathefeltjustthedesiretopleaseher.她聽到他說第二天不想離開她，他感覺他不僅僅只是想取悅她。3．a(chǎn)tteno’clocktodaythefirstofallTimeMachinesbeganitscareer.今天十點(diǎn)鐘，第一臺時(shí)間機(jī)器開始投入使用。4．，Isawmylaboratoryexactlyasbefore.環(huán)顧四周，我看到我的實(shí)驗(yàn)室和從前一模一樣。5．ItIwasbeingdrivenfastonawindingroad.這感覺就像我在一條蜿蜒的路上疾馳。知識點(diǎn)01guiltyadj.內(nèi)疚的；有罪的；有過失的先練基礎(chǔ)——單句語法填空(1)Whatgreatlystunnedmewasthathewasguiltyacrimeandwasputinprison.(2)IfeltguiltymyconflictwithmydearfriendandImustapologizetohim.?beguiltyof犯有……罪be/feelguiltyfor/at/about...對/為……感到內(nèi)疚/有愧?guiltn．內(nèi)疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行再提能力——完美寫作·一句多譯·背誦(3)她說：“可是我已經(jīng)欺騙了我奶奶”，臉頰上流下了內(nèi)疚的淚水。①“ButIhavecheatedmygrandmother，”saidshe，andtearsofguiltfloweddownhercheeks.(并列句)②“ButIhavecheatedmygrandmother，”saidshe，tearsofguiltflowingdownhercheeks.(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))知識點(diǎn)2urgen．強(qiáng)烈的欲望；沖動vt.催促；力勸；大力推薦先練基礎(chǔ)——單句語法填空(1)Itisstronglyurgedthatallthelamps(turn)outduringthenight.(2)AfterIhavereceivedmybonus，Ihaveastrongurge(buy)manysciencefictions.(3)Mybossurgedme(calculate)thesalariesofallthesalesmenandsaleswomen.＝MybossurgedthatI(calculate)thesalariesofallthesalesmenandsaleswomen.?have/feelanurgetodosth.有強(qiáng)烈的欲望做某事?urgesb.todosth.催促某人做某事urgethat...(should)dosth.極力主張/強(qiáng)調(diào)……做某事Itisurgedthat...(should)dosth.極力主張/強(qiáng)調(diào)……做某事?urgentadj.緊急的；迫切的再提能力——完美寫作·一句多譯·背誦(4)家長應(yīng)該積極督促孩子利用這個(gè)機(jī)會參加戶外活動。①Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildrentotakeadvantageoftheopportunitytoparticipateinoutdooractivities.(urgesb.todo)②Parentsshouldactivelyurgethattheirchildren(should)takeadvantageoftheopportunitytoparticipateinoutdooractivities.(urgethat...)知識點(diǎn)3ona...basis根據(jù)；以……的方式基準(zhǔn)先練基礎(chǔ)——單句語法填空(1)Theytestoutthemachinearegularbasisincasetheremaybesomethingwrongwithit.(2)Onthebasisthesefacts，wecanconcludethattheridiculousrumorwasspreadbymyniece.onaregularbasis例行地；有規(guī)律地；定期地onadaily/weeklybasis每天/每周onthebasisof/that...以……為基礎(chǔ)再提能力——完美寫作·詞匯升級·背誦(3)(簡單表達(dá))Hehasformedthehabitofgettingupearlyandexercisingeveryday，whichenableshimtokeepphysicallyhealthy.(高級表達(dá))Hehasformedthehabitofgettingupearlyandexercisingonadailybasis，whichenableshimtokeepphysicallyhealthy.知識點(diǎn)4takeover占上風(fēng)；取而代之；接管；接手takeoff起飛；匆匆離去；脫下；大獲成功takeon呈現(xiàn)；雇用；承擔(dān)takein包括；吸收；理解；欺騙；收留takeup占去；占據(jù)；開始從事根據(jù)句意用take短語的正確形式完成下面語段Afterthefirmfromhisfather，Tomsomescientificideasandsomeexperiencedandhard-workingworkers，whichsuggestedthathisfirmwouldsoon.Tomheldthestrongbeliefthathisfirmwouldanewlookinthenearfuture.知識點(diǎn)5turnout關(guān)掉；熄滅；在場；使朝外；結(jié)果是先練基礎(chǔ)——一詞多義寫出下列句子中turnout的漢語意思(1)Heturnedouttobeguiltyofhismeanwordsandtearsofregretblurredhiseyes.(2)Keepinmindthatyoumustturnoutthelampinyourroomwhenyouleave.(3)Thebossdeclaredthatallthestaffmustturnoutforthemeeting.(4)ThefactoryturnedouttwiceasmanyTVsetsthisyearaslastyear.turndown拒絕；關(guān)小；調(diào)低turnin上交turnover翻身；移交；轉(zhuǎn)變turnto求助于；轉(zhuǎn)向turnup出現(xiàn)；調(diào)高再提能力——完美寫作·完成句子/單句寫作·背誦(5)所有的候選人必須在截止日期前交上申請表和相關(guān)材料。Allthecandidatesmustturnintheapplicationformsandrelevantmaterialsbeforethedeadline.(6)有如此多的數(shù)學(xué)難題要解決，我必須向我的老師求助。Withsomanydifficultmathproblemstohandle，Imustturntomyteacherforhelp.(7)你最好按時(shí)出現(xiàn)，或者比約定的時(shí)間早幾分鐘。Youhadbetterturnuppunctuallyorafewminutesearlierthantheappointedtime.知識點(diǎn)6morethan多于，超過；不僅僅；非常先練基礎(chǔ)——一詞多義寫出下列句子中morethan的漢語意思(1)Sheboughtmorethantenhandkerchiefsandtwopairsofleathershoesatatime，whichmadehermotherexplodewithanger.(2)Iammorethangladtohelpyouanalyzetheprosandconsofthechoiceyouhavemade.(3)Heismorethanmyteacher；heisalsomyfriend.?morethan＋數(shù)詞，表示“超過；不止”，相當(dāng)于overmorethan＋名詞，意為“不只是；不僅僅……”，相當(dāng)于notonlymorethan＋形容詞/副詞，意為“非常，很”，相當(dāng)于very?moreAthanB與其說B不如說A再提能力——完美寫作·語段填空·背誦(4)Iwouldbemorethandelighted(我會非常高興)ifyoucouldcomeandjoininmybirthdaypartyat7p．m.nextFridayatmyhome.Therewillbemorethantenfriends(將會有十幾個(gè)朋友)．Thepartyismorethanforfun(派對不僅僅是為了玩)；itisalsoformutualcommunication.Sopleaseacceptmysincereinvitation.知識點(diǎn)7修辭之明喻在讀后續(xù)寫中的運(yùn)用ItfeltlikeIwasbeingdrivenfastonawindingroad.這感覺就像我在一條蜿蜒的路上疾馳。在讀后續(xù)寫中可以適當(dāng)采用明喻這一修辭方法，增加故事情節(jié)的生動性。明喻主要采用like，as。能力提升——完美寫作·完成句子·背誦(1)當(dāng)他聽我們談?wù)撠S富多彩的生活時(shí)，他的笑容燦爛得如寶石一樣閃閃發(fā)光。Whenheheardustalkingaboutthecolorfullife，thesmileonhisfaceshonelikeadiamond.(2)它在溫柔低語，就像一個(gè)小女孩對她的母親私語一樣。Itmurmuredinasoftvoicelikealittlegirlwhisperingtohermother.(3)湯姆病得很厲害，不能去聚會。Tomwasassickasadog，andcouldn’tgototheparty.被動語態(tài)英語中有兩種語態(tài)，一種是主動語態(tài)，一種是被動語態(tài)。如果主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者動作是由主語完成的，要用主動語態(tài)；如果主語是動作的承受者，則用被動語態(tài)。[觀察例句]1．ItwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarry'swife，Claire.2．Alltheworkhasbeenfinishedbynow.3．Nowshewasbeinglookedafterbyarobotthatlookedsohuman，anditwasdisturbing.4．Youareinvitedtomakeaspeechinourschool.5．Larrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldn'tharmherorallowhertobeharmed.[歸納用法]1．例句1中的黑體詞部分為過去將來時(shí)的被動形式，其構(gòu)成是was/weregoingto＋be＋done。2．例句2中的黑體詞部分為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動形式，其構(gòu)成是has/have＋been＋done。3．例句3中的黑體詞部分為過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動形式，其構(gòu)成是was/were＋being＋done。4．例句4中的黑體詞部分為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動形式，其構(gòu)成是is/are＋done。5．例句5中的黑體詞部分為動詞不定式一般式的被動形式，其構(gòu)成是to＋be＋done。一、被動語態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成和用法被動語態(tài)由“be＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成，被動語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化主要體現(xiàn)在be的變化上，其變化形式與系動詞be的完全一樣。下面以do為例列舉各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的形式。時(shí)態(tài)被動結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are＋done一般過去時(shí)was/were＋done一般將來時(shí)shall/will/am/is/aregoingto＋be＋done過去將來時(shí)should/would/was/weregoingto＋be＋done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are＋being＋done過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were＋being＋done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has＋been＋done過去完成時(shí)had＋been＋done將來完成時(shí)shall/will＋have＋been＋done過去將來完成時(shí)should/would＋have＋been＋doneEveryoneisexpectedtoobeythefollowingrules.希望大家遵守以下規(guī)定。Somevolunteerswillbesenttotheremotevillagetohelpimprovetheeducationthere.一些志愿者將被派往那個(gè)偏遠(yuǎn)的村莊來幫助提高那里的教育水平。Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastontheradio.收音機(jī)上正在播英語課程。Theworkwillhavebeenfinishedbytheendofnextmonth.到下個(gè)月底這項(xiàng)工作將會已經(jīng)完成。[即學(xué)即練1]用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Thetourists(accompany)byaguidewhentheytravelledinBeijing.②He(envy)bymanymen，becausehehasabighouse，acarandagoodfamily.③Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheirefforts(reward)withsuccessintheend.二、使用被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題1．否定詞not的位置在第一個(gè)助動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后。Hewasextremelydisappointedtohearthathewouldnotbegivenadoctor'sdegree.聽到不會獲得博士學(xué)位，他沮喪到了極點(diǎn)。2．“get＋過去分詞”也表被動Wegotseparatedwhenweenteredthebighall.我們進(jìn)入大廳時(shí)被擠散了。3．“be＋過去分詞”并非都是被動語態(tài)系動詞be，feel，seem，look等詞后面的過去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，作表語用，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示某種狀態(tài)。I'minterestedinmathematics.我對數(shù)學(xué)感興趣。Heseemsunsatisfiedwithhiswork.他似乎對自己的工作不滿意。4．某些情況用主動語態(tài)來表示被動含義有些動詞如read，write，clean，wash，iron，burn，draw，cook，keep，cut，open，blow，peel，sell，act等用作不及物動詞且表示主語的某種屬性時(shí)，常和副詞well，easily，smoothly等連用，且通常用主動結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動含義。這些動詞的主語一般是表物的詞，且這些物往往具有某種內(nèi)在的特點(diǎn)，這些句子的時(shí)態(tài)多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)。Thedoordoesn'topeneasily.門不容易打開。Bikesofthatkindsellwell.那種自行車好賣。5．動詞短語動詞短語在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中是不可分割的，在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介詞或副詞。Theoldmanwasoftenlaughedat.那位老人經(jīng)常受人嘲笑。(不可省掉介詞at)[即學(xué)即練2]用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Asweallknow，thispen(write)smoothly.②I(take)goodcareofbymyunclewhenIwasyoung.三、動詞不定式的被動形式動詞不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞與其是被動關(guān)系時(shí)，動詞不定式一般使用被動形式。不定式的被動式可分為一般式和完成式。構(gòu)成意義一般式tobedone表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生的被動動作完成式tohavebeendone表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前的被動動作1.動詞不定式被動式的句法功能(1)作主語Sometimestobeunderstoodisnotaneasyjob.有時(shí)被人理解并不是一件容易的事。[名師點(diǎn)津]①動詞不定式(短語)作主語時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語放在后面。Itisanhonourtobeinvitedtospeakhere.能被邀請?jiān)谶@兒講話，真是一件榮幸的事。②單個(gè)動詞不定式(短語)作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Tobeadoptedbyakeyuniversityisdifficultforhim.對他來說，被一所重點(diǎn)大學(xué)錄取是困難的。(2)作表語Thetaskistobefinishedbynextmonth.這項(xiàng)工作要到下個(gè)月才能完成。(3)作賓語Theboyaskedtobegivenanopportunitytotryagain.那男孩要求給他再試一次的機(jī)會。(4)作賓語補(bǔ)足語Hewantedtheboytobepunishedfortellinglies.他想讓那個(gè)男孩因說謊而受到懲罰。(5)作定語Heisnotamantobedefeatedeasily.他不是一個(gè)容易被打敗的人。(6)作狀語Sheissentabroadtobetrained.她被送到國外培訓(xùn)。[即學(xué)即練3]用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①It'simportantforthefigures(update)regularly.②We'vehadagoodstart，butnext，moreworkneeds(do)toachievethefinalsuccess.③Therearestillmanyproblems(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.2．不定式的主動形式表示被動意義(1)動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關(guān)系，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon.今天下午我有許多事要做。(todo與things是動賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系)對比：I'llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?我要去郵局。你有信要寄嗎？(post與主語you之間不存在主謂關(guān)系，只和前面的letter構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系)(2)在某些“形容詞＋不定式”作表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時(shí)，常用不定式的主動形式表達(dá)被動意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.這個(gè)問題很難計(jì)算出來。(3)在too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應(yīng)用主動形式表示被動意義。Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.這本書太貴，我買不起。(4)betoblame常用主動表示被動。Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?誰應(yīng)為放火受責(zé)備？[即學(xué)即練4]用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Thechairiscomfortable(sit)on.②Thedriveris(blame)fortheaccidenthappeningjustnow.③Theoldmanfoundthecomputerwashard(operate)．④Wehavefourreadingpassages(complete)inthecomingholiday.四、動詞-ing的被動形式動詞-ing形式所表示的動作是一個(gè)被動動作時(shí)，要用動詞-ing的被動形式。包括其一般形式和完成形式。(一)動詞-ing被動形式的構(gòu)成形式用法一般式beingdone被動的動作正在進(jìn)行或與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生完成式havingbeendone被動的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前Thebuildingbeingbuiltwillbeourschoollibrary.正在建造的那座大樓將是我們學(xué)校的圖書館。Havingbeeninvited，Mr.Liwenttheretogiveaspeechthoughhewasbusy.李先生受邀去那兒做演講，盡管很忙，但他還是去了。[即學(xué)即練5]用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①(warn)abouttyphoon，thefishermensailedforthenearestharbor.②Thequestion(discuss)nowhassomethingtodowithnature.(二)動詞-ing被動形式的用法動詞-ing的被動式在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語、補(bǔ)足語、狀語。Shedoesn'trememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetogoabroad.(作賓語)她不記得曾被給過出國的機(jī)會。You'llfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere.(作賓語補(bǔ)足語)你會發(fā)現(xiàn)到處都在討論這個(gè)話題。BeingselectedChairmanofthestudents'unionmadehimfeelproud.(作主語)被選為學(xué)生會主席，他很自豪。Havingbeentoldmanytimes，hestillrepeatedthesamemistakes.(作狀語)被告知多次了，他仍然犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。Whatmadehisparentshappywashisbeingadmittedtoafamousuniversity.(作表語)讓他父母高興的是他被一所名牌大學(xué)錄取了。Themuseumbeingrepairedwillbereopenedtovisitorsnextyear.(作定語)正在維修的博物館明年將開始接待訪客。[名師點(diǎn)津]在動詞-ing被動式前加否定副詞not便可構(gòu)成其否定形式。Tonywasvenyunhappyfornothavingbeeninvitedtotheparty.(作賓語)托尼因未受邀請參加晚會甚為不滿。Notbeingallowedtogooutmakeshimveryangry.(作主語)不被允許出去，他非常生氣。[名師點(diǎn)津]beingdone，tobedone與done作定語的區(qū)別tobedone作定語一般表示未來的動作；done表示被動完成的動作；beingdone表示被動的、正在進(jìn)行的動作。Theproblemtobediscussed(＝whichwillbediscussed)atthemeetingisveryimportant.會上將要討論的問題非常重要。Theproblemdiscussed(＝whichwasdiscussed)atthemeetingisveryimportant.會上討論過的問題非常重要。Theproblembeingdiscussed(＝whichisbeingdiscussed)atthemeetingisveryimportant.會上正在討論的問題非常重要。[即學(xué)即練6]用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Istillremember(take)totheGreatWallandwhatIsawthere.②(hit)bythebigboyonthenose，thelittleboybegantocry.③Iheardthissong(sing)inEnglishthen.幾種特殊用法1．在deserve，need，require，want等詞之后，總是用動詞-ing的主動形式表達(dá)被動意義，相當(dāng)于“tobe＋過去分詞”。Theblackboardneedscleaning.＝Theblackboardneedstobecleaned.黑板需要擦干凈。Thebrokenwindowwantsrepairing.＝Thebrokenwindowwantstoberepaired.那個(gè)破窗戶需要修理。2．beworth后也常跟動詞-ing的主動形式表達(dá)被動意義。Thebookisworthreadingagain.＝Thebookisworthyofbeingreadagain.＝Thebookisworthytobereadagain.這本書值得再讀一遍。3．動詞-ing被動式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)動詞-ing被動式的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致時(shí)，要在動詞-ing形式之前加上物主代詞或名詞所有格(整個(gè)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不作主語時(shí)，可用人稱代詞賓格代替物主代詞，名詞普通格代替名詞所有格)Iamverypleasedatyou/yourhavingbeenhonoredwithamedal.我很高興你獲得了一枚獎(jiǎng)牌。Thedecisionhavingbeenmade，thenextproblemwashowtomakeagoodplan.決定已經(jīng)做出，下一個(gè)問題就是如何制訂一個(gè)好的計(jì)劃了。[即學(xué)即練7]用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Theroadiscoveredwithsomefallentreesandtheyrequire(remove)immediately.②Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft，themostrecentone(launch)attheendoflastyear.③Ifathingisworthyof(do)，itisworth(do)well.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Trulyelegantchopsticksmight(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.2．Thebillionaireisreportedinthelocalnewspaper(rob)lastweek.3．Thegiantpanda(love)bypeoplethroughouttheworld.4．Wewon'tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparations(make)．5．Thesesmalltreesrequire(take)goodcareof.6．Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks，noagreement(reach)sofarbythetwosides.7．Theairport(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.8．Asweapproachedthevillage，wesawnewhouses(build)．9．Iappreciated(give)thechancetostudyabroadtwoyearsago.10．Henarrowlyescaped(run)over.Ⅱ.完成句子1．I'mpleased．給我這次機(jī)會我很高興。2．Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsforthemomentbecause．他們現(xiàn)在和父母住在一起，因?yàn)樗麄冏约旱姆孔诱诒恢亟ā?．Hewasthelastoneatthemeeting.他是最后一個(gè)在會上被邀請發(fā)言的人。4．Imagineonanislandalone.(leave)想象一下你弟弟被獨(dú)自留在一個(gè)島上。5．，thenaughtyboymadethesamemistakeagain.(tell)被告訴好幾遍了，這個(gè)淘氣的孩子又犯了同樣的錯(cuò)誤。Ⅲ.語法填空ADearMr.Johnson，Howarethingsgoingwithyou?I'mwriting1.(ask)foryourhelp.Oneofmygreatestambitionsis2.(admit)intoPekingUniversity.3.(achieve)this，Iworkveryhard.But4.youknow，I'mweakinEnglishreadingcomprehension.AlthoughIhavetriedeverymeans5.(improve)it，likeexpandingmyvocabularyanddoingalargenumberofexercises，sofarallmyefforts6.(end)upinfailure，7.reallymakesmediscouraged.Nowwiththeimportantexam8.(draw)near，Ifeelmoreandmorestressedandworried.I'llappreciate9.verymuchifyoucangivemesomeadviceonhowtoimprovemyreadingabilityeffectivelyandI'mlookingforwardtothesuggestions10.(offer)byyou.Bestwishes.Yours，LiHuaB(educate)inafamousuniversityismywilddreamandIhavebeenlookingforwardto2.(admit)toTsinghuaUniversity.Inthemeantime，Iappreciate(give)achancetogoabroadforfurthereducation.4.(achieve)thistarget，Imuststudyeven5.(hard)．Inthelastexamination，withalltheefforts6.(make)，Igotthefirstplace，7.mademyteachersandparentsveryhappy.Anotherimportantexaminationis8.thecornerand9.(expect)toomuchalsogivesmemuchpressure.However，Iwilldo10.Icantoliveuptotheirexpectations.科幻故事類記敘文故事類記敘文，是以講述故事為主要內(nèi)容，以敘述為主要表達(dá)方式的文章。講述故事是以事件為中心的文章，事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和結(jié)果是文章的中心。故事類記敘文的寫作要素：1．要交代清楚五要素的內(nèi)容，即：where，when，what，who，how。2．事件可按時(shí)間或空間順序敘述。3．時(shí)態(tài)通常是與過去有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)；如果是當(dāng)前的經(jīng)常性事件、自然或社會現(xiàn)象，通常用與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。[基本框架]1．確定主題：融合各種科幻形象的特點(diǎn)，發(fā)揮自己的想象力，從而創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)生動的角色，確定作文的主題。2．構(gòu)思情節(jié)：情節(jié)內(nèi)容的設(shè)定要新奇，要能吸引人。這就要求充分發(fā)揮自己的想象力，在科學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)上合理想象。注意事項(xiàng)：1．要根據(jù)題目要求和提示，確定好主題并圍繞主題展開合理而全面的想象，切忌根據(jù)自己的喜好而隨意想象。2．要注意人稱及時(shí)態(tài)的正確運(yùn)用。3．要有豐富的表達(dá)方式，大膽使用一些較高級詞匯及較復(fù)雜句式。[常用詞塊]1．sciencefictionfilms科幻電影2．searchtheuniverse探索宇宙3．a(chǎn)rtificialintelligence人工智能4．haveahouseholdrobot擁有一個(gè)家用機(jī)器人5．moreandmoreintelligentmachines越來越多的智能機(jī)器6．therapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnology信息技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展7．thishighly-civilizedcreature這種高度文明的生物8．requirecontinuousdiligenceandprogress需要不斷的努力和進(jìn)步9．a(chǎn)dvanceddevicesandtechnology先進(jìn)的設(shè)備和技術(shù)10．motivateustoreachformore激勵(lì)著我們?nèi)プ非蟾郲常用語句]1．Inthefuture，everyfamilycanhavearobot，anditcanhelppeopledomanythings.未來，每個(gè)家庭都會擁有一個(gè)機(jī)器人，它可以幫助人們做很多事情。2．Noonecanmakesurewhetherthereisanotherlifeexistsintheuniverse.沒有人能確定在宇宙中是否存在另外的生命。3．Thoughthescientistsneversawtherealaliens，Istillbelievethatbesideshumanbeings，lifemustexistintheuniverse.雖然科學(xué)家們從未見過真正的外星人，但我仍然相信除了人類之外，宇宙中存在另外的生命。4．Whenintelligentmachinescandothethinking，willourbraingetlazyandregress?當(dāng)智能機(jī)器可以思考時(shí)，我們的大腦會變得懶惰和退化嗎？5．Asamatteroffact，Ibelievethewider-spreadofAIactuallyactasamotivationtoforceustobecomemoreintelligent.事實(shí)上，我相信人工智能的廣泛傳播實(shí)際上是一種動力，迫使我們變得更聰明。6．Tosumup，everytechnologyisadouble-edgedsword.綜上所述，每一項(xiàng)技術(shù)都是一把雙刃劍。假如你是李華，為了激發(fā)學(xué)生的想象力，你們學(xué)校本周將舉行一次以“MyFutureLife”為主題的征文比賽。請根據(jù)下列提示寫一篇80詞左右的短文。1．家庭；2．工作；3．業(yè)余生活。題組A基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)練Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(根據(jù)漢語提示或首字母提示寫單詞)(每小題1分，共8分)1．Theflourmadeinthisfactoryisfartothatinthatfactoryinquality.2．Wordcamethatabombplantedinagarbagecanearlytoday.3．Unfortunately，hewasfromthejobandledamiserablelife.4．May1isInternationalDayandmostpeoplewillenjoyarelativelylongholiday.5．Inthedryseasons，thevillagershavetowalkseveralmilesto(取)waterfordailyuse.6．Thejobwillrequireyoutotakeadvantageofallyourskillstothe(最大量)．7．Iprefertherelaxed(節(jié)奏)oflifeinthecountry.8．Ithasbeen(計(jì)算)thatatleast47,000employeesweredismissedlastyear.Ⅱ.詞形變化填空(用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)(每小題2分，共14分)9．LiHuahasbeenaschairmanoftheStudents’AssociationandIwillwritealettertocongratulatehimonhis.(appointment)10．IamofthesillymistakeImadeyesterdayandnowordscanexpressmy.(guilty)11．HethathewouldputhumansonMarsinlessthanadecade，buthisprovedunrealistic.(declare)12．YesterdaytheemployerhisemployeestodealwiththemattersbyFriday.(urge)13．Thewascausedbyburstofagaspipe，whichmadethebosswithanger.(explode)14．Youcanuseatotheaveragemarkoftheclassandthenyourcanbeaccurate.(calculate)15．Astheworkcanbe(division)amongseveralpeople，itcanbedoneeffectively.Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句型仿寫(每小題2分，共10分)16．這是我的關(guān)于如何增強(qiáng)你和其他人交流能力的建議。(全部倒裝).17．我非常高興收到您的來信。.18．不是你被給予了什么而是你如何利用它才決定著你是誰。(強(qiáng)調(diào)句).19．秘書工作到深夜，為總統(tǒng)準(zhǔn)備長篇演講。Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight，.20．我的叔叔在世時(shí)，他煙抽得很厲害。Myunclewhenhewasliving.題組B能力提升練Ⅰ.課文語法填空——復(fù)習(xí)本單元ReadingandThinking部分AhouseholdrobotnamedTonywasgoingto1.(test)outinafamilybyClaire.Clairedidn’tliketheideaatthebeginning，butsheagreedtoitatlast.AtthefirstsightofTony，Clairewas(alarm)，fortherobotseemedmorelikeahuman3.amachine，handsomewithsmoothhairandadeepvoice.WhenTonyofferedtohelpherdress，Clairefeltembarrassed.Clairecomplainedthatshewasn’tcleverandTonyshowedsympathyforher,4.shethoughtwasquiteridiculous.5.(gradual)，TonybegantowinClaire’strust.Asafavor，TonyhelpedClairemakeherselfsmarterandherhome6.(elegant)．In7.expensiveclothesshop，whenthesaleswomanwasrudetoher，sherangTonyupforhelp.TonymadethewomanchangeherimpoliteattitudeandClairewasgratefultoTony,8.(say)thathewasa“dear”．However，thescenewasdiscoveredbyGladysClaffernandthusClairefelt9.(guilt)．Claireweptsorrowfullyafterarrivinghome.Tocomforther，Tonysuggestedthatshe10.(invite)Gladysandherfriendstothehousewhichwouldhavebeencompletelytransformedbythen.請先從表格中選用本單元所學(xué)詞匯完成下列短文，然后核對答案并背誦該短文。(文中加波浪線的句子為本單元的語法項(xiàng)目：被動語態(tài))eq\x(bonus，guilty，conflict，division，declare，appointment)Myniece，Jane，labouredtothemaximumfor10yearsinashoppingmallandfinallyshetookupan1.asthechairwoman.Shewasrespectedbyallthesalesmenandsaleswomenbecauseshewasfullofintegrityanddignity.Sheexactlycalculatedthestaff’ssalariesandrewardedthebestoneswitha2..Whereas，onesalesman，Jack,3.thathecouldsellanythingbyabsurdoverstatements，suchassciencefictions，ladders，flour，leathers，leversofvariouspanels，handkerchiefs，nails，lampsandevenmud.Inhisview，hewassuperiortoothers，sohehadanurgetotakeoverthesalesmanager.Itturnedoutthatheoften4.withothers.ThencamearumorthatallthestaffwouldresignifJackwasn’tdismissed，whichgreatlystunnedJaneandevenmadeJaneexplodewithanger.Janethoughtinactionwasimproper，sosheurgedJacktoweighprosandcons.Otherwise，hisjobwouldbesuspended.Jackfeltso5.ofhisridiculousbehaviorsthattearsblurredhiseyes.Hepromisedtoapologizetoallthestaffatameetingonaweeklybasistoremovethe6.betweenhimandhiscolleagues.Hewouldsharewhathegrippedfromthatdayon.題組C培優(yōu)拔尖練Ⅰ.完形填空[一]Beinggoodatsomethingandhavingapassionforitarenotenough.Success1fundamentallyonourviewofourselvesandofthe2inourlives.Whentwelve-year-oldJohnWilsonwalkedintohischemistryclassonarainydayin1931，hehadnowayofknowingthathislifewastochangecompletely.Theclassexperimentthatdaywasto3howheatingacontainerofwaterwouldbringairbubbling(冒泡)tothesurface.4，thecontainertheteachergaveWilsontoheat5heldsomethingmorevolatile(易揮發(fā)的)thanwater.WhenWilsonheatedit，thecontainer6，leavingWilsonblindedinbotheyes.WhenWilsonreturnedhomefromhospitaltwomonthslater，hisparentsattemptedtofindawaytodealwiththecatastrophethathad7theirlives.ButWilsondidnotregardtheaccidentascatastrophic.Helearnedbraille(盲文)quicklyandcontinuedhiseducationatWorcesterCollegefortheBlind.There，henotonlydidwellasastudentbutalsobecamea(n)8publicspeaker.Later，heworkedinAfrica，wheremanypeoplesufferedfrom9forlackofpropertreatment.Forhim，itwasonethingto10hisownfateofbeingblindandquiteanothertoallowsomethingtocontinue11itcouldbefixedsoeasily.Thismovedhimtoaction.AndtensofmillionsinAfricaandAsiacanseebecauseofthe12Wilsonmadetopreventingthepreventable.Wilsonreceivedseveralinternational13forhisgreatcontributions.Helosthissightbutfounda14.Heprovedthatit’snotwhathappenstousthat15ourlives—it’swhatwemakeofwhathappens.1．A.depends B．holds C．keeps D．reflects2．A.dilemmas B．a(chǎn)ccidents C．events D．steps3．A.direct B．show C．a(chǎn)dvocate D．declare4．A.Anyway B．moreover C．Somehow D．Thus5．A.mistakenly B．casually C．a(chǎn)mazingly D．clumsily6．A.erupted B．exploded C．emptied D．exposed7．A.submittedto B．cateredfor C．impressedon D．happenedto8．A.accomplished B．crucial C．specific D．innocent9．A.deafness B．depression C．blindness D．speechlessness10．A.decide B．a(chǎn)bandon C．control D．a(chǎn)ccept11．A.until B．when C．unless D．before12．A.opposition B．a(chǎn)djustments C．commitment D．limitations13．A.scholarships B．rewards C．a(chǎn)wards D．bonuses14．A.fortune B．recipe C．dream D．vision15．A.distinguishes B．determines C．claims D．limits[二]Thebestexampleofuniversallyunderstoodbodylanguagemaybethesmile.Asmilecanopendoorsandteardownwallsamong1.Ihaveorganizedandreorganizedan2withthedentistformonth