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Courseguide電解Electrolysis一些金屬濕法冶金提取金屬工藝的最后一道工序。Thefinalstepofsomemetalshydrometallurgicalextractionofmetalsprocess.

電解實(shí)質(zhì)、應(yīng)用及過(guò)程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses林忠

Lin

Zhong

主講教師

Lecturer課程導(dǎo)入

Courseguide電解

Electrolysis電解實(shí)質(zhì)、應(yīng)用及過(guò)程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses課程導(dǎo)入

Courseguide工序生產(chǎn)過(guò)程要素Processproductionprocesselements陰極Cathode電解槽Electrolyticcell電源要求Powerrequirement電解液的組成要求Compositionrequirementsofelectrolyte陽(yáng)極Anode電解實(shí)質(zhì)、應(yīng)用及過(guò)程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses課程導(dǎo)入

Courseguide不同的金屬電解，因各個(gè)金屬的特性不同，其生產(chǎn)要素也不盡相同。Differentmetalelectrolysishasdifferentproductionfactorsduetothedifferentcharacteristicsofeachmetal.電解實(shí)質(zhì)、應(yīng)用及過(guò)程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses從粗金屬、合金或其他冶煉中間產(chǎn)物（如锍）中提取金屬Extractionofmetalsfromcrudemetals,alloys,orothermetallurgicalintermediates(suchasmatte)從浸出（或經(jīng)凈化）的溶液中提取金屬Extractionofmetalsfromleached(orpurified)solutions可溶陽(yáng)極

Solubleanode不可溶陽(yáng)極

Insolubleanode水溶液電解時(shí)，因使用的陽(yáng)極不同有所區(qū)分：Whenelectrolyzingaqueoussolutions,therearedifferencesdependingontheanodesused:電解精煉

Electrorefining電解沉積

Electrowinning也可稱(chēng)為電解沉積與電解精煉的區(qū)別

Itcanalsobecalledthedifferencebetweenelectrolyticdepositionandelectrorefining電解應(yīng)用

Electrolyticapplications電解實(shí)質(zhì)、應(yīng)用及過(guò)程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses從粗金屬、合金或其他冶煉中間產(chǎn)物（如锍）中提取金屬。Theextractionofmetalsfromcrudemetals,alloys,orothermetallurgicalintermediates(suchasmatte).電解精煉

Electrorefining從浸出（或經(jīng)凈化）的溶液中提取金屬。Theextractionofmetalsfromleached(orpurified)solutions.電解沉積

Electrowinning理論基礎(chǔ)都遵循電化學(xué)規(guī)律

Thetheoreticalbasisfollowsthelawsofelectrochemistry也可稱(chēng)為電解沉積與電解精煉的區(qū)別

Itcanalsobecalledthedifferencebetweenelectrolyticdepositionandelectrorefining電解應(yīng)用

Electrolyticapplications電解實(shí)質(zhì)、應(yīng)用及過(guò)程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses萃取又稱(chēng)液液萃取，是指兩個(gè)完全不互溶或部分互溶的液相接觸后，一個(gè)液相中的溶質(zhì)經(jīng)過(guò)物理或化學(xué)作用另一個(gè)液相，或在兩相中重新分配的過(guò)程。

Extraction,alsoknownasliquid-liquidextraction,referstotheprocessinwhich,aftertwocompletelyimmiscibleorpartiallymiscibleliquidphasescomeintocontactwitheachother,thesoluteinoneliquidphasetransferstotheotherliquidphaseunderphysicalorchemicalinteractions,orthesolutegetsredistributedinthetwophases.

在濕法冶金電解生產(chǎn)中，鋅金屬電解生產(chǎn)屬于典型的電解沉積生產(chǎn)。Inhydrometallurgicalelectrolysisproduction,zincmetalelectrolysisproductionbelongstotypicalelectrolyticdepositionproduction.鋅電解車(chē)間

Zincelectrolysisworkshop也可稱(chēng)為電解沉積與電解精煉的區(qū)別

Itcanalsobecalledthedifferencebetweenelectrolyticdepositionandelectrorefining電解應(yīng)用

Electrolyticapplications電解實(shí)質(zhì)、應(yīng)用及過(guò)程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses萃取又稱(chēng)液液萃取，是指兩個(gè)完全不互溶或部分互溶的液相接觸后，一個(gè)液相中的溶質(zhì)經(jīng)過(guò)物理或化學(xué)作用另一個(gè)液相，或在兩相中重新分配的過(guò)程。

Extraction,alsoknownasliquid-liquidextraction,referstotheprocessinwhich,aftertwocompletelyimmiscibleorpartiallymiscibleliquidphasescomeintocontactwitheachother,thesoluteinoneliquidphasetransferstotheotherliquidphaseunderphysicalorchemicalinteractions,orthesolutegetsredistributedinthetwophases.

來(lái)源：內(nèi)蒙古日?qǐng)?bào)社融媒體原創(chuàng)

Source:InnerMongoliaDailyFinancialMediaOriginal電源：直流電Powersupply:DCpower電解液：由硫酸鋅、硫酸、水和少量金屬硫酸鹽組成。Electrolyte:Consistsofzincsulfate,sulfuricacid,waterandasmallamountofmetalsulfate.陽(yáng)極：鉛銀合金Anode:Lead-silveralloy陰極：純鋁質(zhì)Cathode:Purealuminum電解槽：鋼筋混凝土內(nèi)置防腐防酸材料Electrolyticcell:reinforcedconcretebuilt-inanti-corrosionandacid-proofmaterials鋅電解沉積中

Inzincelectrolyticdeposition也可稱(chēng)為電解沉積與電解精煉的區(qū)別

Itcanalsobecalledthedifferencebetweenelectrolyticdepositionandelectrorefining電解應(yīng)用

Electrolyticapplications特點(diǎn)：陽(yáng)極不溶解，電解所需的鋅離子由上個(gè)工序的凈化后液提供。Features:Theanodeisinsoluble,andthezincionsrequiredforelectrolysisareprovidedbythepurifiedliquidofthepreviousprocess.電解實(shí)質(zhì)、應(yīng)用及過(guò)程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses萃取又稱(chēng)液液萃取，是指兩個(gè)完全不互溶或部分互溶的液相接觸后，一個(gè)液相中的溶質(zhì)經(jīng)過(guò)物理或化學(xué)作用另一個(gè)液相，或在兩相中重新分配的過(guò)程。

Extraction,alsoknownasliquid-liquidextraction,referstotheprocessinwhich,aftertwocompletelyimmiscibleorpartiallymiscibleliquidphasescomeintocontactwitheachother,thesoluteinoneliquidphasetransferstotheotherliquidphaseunderphysicalorchemicalinteractions,orthesolutegetsredistributedinthetwophases.

銅金屬電解生產(chǎn)屬于典型的電解精煉生產(chǎn)。Coppermetalelectrolysisproductionisatypicalelectrorefiningproduction.銅電解車(chē)間

Copperelectrolysisworkshop也可稱(chēng)為電解沉積與電解精煉的區(qū)別

Itcanalsobecalledthedifferencebetweenelectrolyticdepositionandelectrorefining電解應(yīng)用

Electrolyticapplications電解實(shí)質(zhì)、應(yīng)用及過(guò)程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses萃取又稱(chēng)液液萃取，是指兩個(gè)完全不互溶或部分互溶的液相接觸后，一個(gè)液相中的溶質(zhì)經(jīng)過(guò)物理或化學(xué)作用另一個(gè)液相，或在兩相中重新分配的過(guò)程。

Extraction,alsoknownasliquid-liquidextraction,referstotheprocessinwhich,aftertwocompletelyimmiscibleorpartiallymiscibleliquidphasescomeintocontactwitheachother,thesoluteinoneliquidphasetransferstotheotherliquidphaseunderphysicalorchemicalinteractions,orthesolutegetsredistributedinthetwophases.

電源：直流電Powersupply:DCpower電解液：由硫酸銅、硫酸、水和少量金屬硫酸鹽組成。Electrolyte:Consistsofcoppersulfate,sulfuricacid,water,andasmallamountofmetalsulfate.陽(yáng)極：火法精煉粗銅Anode:Pyro-refinedblistercopper陰極：純銅或由不銹鋼等制成的永久陰極Cathode:Apermanentcathodemadeofpurecopperorstainlesssteel,etc.電解槽：鋼筋混凝土內(nèi)置防腐防酸材料Electrolyticcell:reinforcedconcretebuilt-inanti-corrosionandacid-proofmaterials剛吊出電解槽的陰極銅

Coppercathodejustliftedoutofelectrolyticcell銅電解精煉中

Incopperelectrorefining也可稱(chēng)為電解沉積與電解精煉的區(qū)別

Itcanalsobecalledthedifferencebetweenelectrolyticdepositionandelectrorefining電解應(yīng)用

Electrolyticapplications特點(diǎn)：陽(yáng)極溶解，電解所需的銅離子由陽(yáng)極溶解提供。Features:Anodicdissolution,copperionsrequiredforelectrolysisareprovidedbyanodicdissolution.電解實(shí)質(zhì)、應(yīng)用及過(guò)程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses萃取又稱(chēng)液液萃取，是指兩個(gè)完全不互溶或部分互溶的液相接觸后，一個(gè)液相中的溶質(zhì)經(jīng)過(guò)物理或化學(xué)作用另一個(gè)液相，或在兩相中重新分配的過(guò)程。

Extraction,alsoknownasliquid-liquidextraction,referstotheprocessinwhich,aftertwocompletelyimmiscibleorpartiallymiscibleliquidphasescomeintocontactwitheachother,thesoluteinoneliquidphasetransferstotheotherliquidphaseunderphysicalorchemicalinteractions,orthesolutegetsredistributedinthetwophases.

電解過(guò)程是陰、陽(yáng)兩個(gè)電極反應(yīng)的綜合反應(yīng)過(guò)程。

Theprocessofelectrolysisisacomprehensivereactionprocessinwhichthecathodeandtheanodeelectrodesreact.Cu++

SO42

CuSO4

導(dǎo)電桿

Conductingrod陽(yáng)極

Anode

陰極

Cathode

氧化物

Oxidizingsubstance還原物

Reducingsubstance電解過(guò)程

Electrolysisprocess電解實(shí)質(zhì)、應(yīng)用及過(guò)程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses萃取又稱(chēng)液液萃取，是指兩個(gè)完全不互溶或部分互溶的液相接觸后，一個(gè)液相中的溶質(zhì)經(jīng)過(guò)物理或化學(xué)作用另一個(gè)液相，或在兩相中重新分配的過(guò)程。

Extraction,alsoknownasliquid-liquidextraction,referstotheprocessinwhich,aftertwocompletelyimmiscibleorpartiallymiscibleliquidphasescomeintocontactwitheachother,thesoluteinoneliquidphasetransferstotheotherliquidphaseunderphysicalorchemicalinteractions,orthesolutegetsredistributedinthetwophases.

在電極與溶液的界面上發(fā)生的反應(yīng)。Areactionthattakesplaceattheinterfacebetweentheelectrodeandthesolution.在陰極上，發(fā)生的反應(yīng)是物質(zhì)得到電子的還原反應(yīng)，稱(chēng)為陰極反應(yīng)。Atthecathode,thereactionthattakesplaceisareductionreactioninwhichthesubstancegetselectrons,whichiscalledacathodicreaction。.在陽(yáng)極上，發(fā)生的反應(yīng)是物質(zhì)失去電子的氧化反應(yīng)，稱(chēng)為陽(yáng)極反應(yīng)。Ontheanode,thereactionthattakesplaceisanoxidationreactioninwhichthesubstanceloseselectrons,calledan

anodicreaction.電極反應(yīng)

ElectrodereactionCu++

SO42

CuSO4

導(dǎo)電桿

Conductingrod陽(yáng)極

Anode

陰極

Cathode

電解過(guò)程

Electrolysisprocess電解實(shí)質(zhì)、應(yīng)用及過(guò)程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses萃取又稱(chēng)液液萃取，是指兩個(gè)完全不互溶或部分互溶的液相接觸后，一個(gè)液相中的溶質(zhì)經(jīng)過(guò)物理或化學(xué)作用另一個(gè)液相，或在兩相中重新分配的過(guò)程。

Extraction,alsoknownasliquid-liquidextraction,referstotheprocessinwhich,aftertwocompletelyimmiscibleorpartiallymiscibleliquidphasescomeintocontactwitheachother,thesoluteinoneliquidphasetransferstotheotherliquidphaseunderphysicalorchemicalinteractions,orthesolutegetsredistributedinthetwophases.

水溶液電解質(zhì)電解過(guò)程的陰極反應(yīng)，主要是金屬陽(yáng)離子的還原，結(jié)果在陰極上沉積出金屬。Thecathodicreactionofaqueouselectrolyteelectrolysisprocessismainlythereductionofmetalcations,resultinginthedepositionofmetalsonthecathode.例如：

Forexample:Cu2++2e=Cu

Zn2+

+

2e

=Zn電解陰極反應(yīng)副反應(yīng)的發(fā)生

Occurrenceofsidereactionsinelectrolyticcathodereaction

O2+2H2O+4e=4OH-

Meiz++zie=Mei

Mehz++(zh-zi)e=Mei（h-i）

(1)

(2)

(4)

(3)

(5)

陰極反應(yīng)

Cathodicreaction電解過(guò)程

Electrolysisprocess電解實(shí)質(zhì)、應(yīng)用及過(guò)程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses萃取又稱(chēng)液液萃取，是指兩個(gè)完全不互溶或部分互溶的液相接觸后，一個(gè)液相中的溶質(zhì)經(jīng)過(guò)物理或化學(xué)作用另一個(gè)液相，或在兩相中重新分配的過(guò)程。

Extraction,alsoknownasliquid-liquidextraction,referstotheprocessinwhich,aftertwocompletelyimmiscibleorpartiallymiscibleliquidphasescomeintocontactwitheachother,thesoluteinoneliquidphasetransferstotheotherliquidphaseunderphysicalorchemicalinteractions,orthesolutegetsredistributedinthetwophases.

可溶性陽(yáng)極反應(yīng)

Solubleanodicreaction不可溶性陽(yáng)極反應(yīng)

Insolubleanodicreaction陽(yáng)極反應(yīng)

Anodicreaction電解過(guò)程

Electrolysisprocess電解實(shí)質(zhì)、應(yīng)用及過(guò)程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses萃取又稱(chēng)液液萃取，是指兩個(gè)完全不互溶或部分互溶的液相接觸后，一個(gè)液相中的溶質(zhì)經(jīng)過(guò)物理或化學(xué)作用另一個(gè)液相，或在兩相中重新分配的過(guò)程。

Extraction,alsoknownasliquid-liquidextraction,referstotheprocessinwhich,aftertwocompletelyimmiscibleorpartiallymiscibleliquidphasescomeintocontactwitheachother,thesoluteinoneliquidphasetransferstotheotherliquidphaseunderphysicalorchemicalinteractions,orthesolutegetsredistributedinthetwophases.

粗金屬等中的金屬氧化溶解，即陽(yáng)極中的金屬失去電子，變?yōu)殡x子進(jìn)入溶液。Metalsincrudemetalsandthelikeareoxidizedanddissolved,thatis,themetalsintheanodeloseelectronsandbecomeionsintosolution.Cu–2e=Cu2+

Ni–2e=Ni2+水溶液電解質(zhì)中的陰離子在陽(yáng)極上失去電子的氧化反應(yīng)。Anoxidationreactioninwhichanionsintheaqueouselectrolyteloseelectronsontheanode.

2Cl-–2e=Cl2

陽(yáng)極反應(yīng)

Anodicreaction電解過(guò)程

Electrolysisprocess電解實(shí)質(zhì)、應(yīng)用及過(guò)程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses萃取又稱(chēng)液液萃取，是指兩個(gè)完全不互溶或部分互溶的液相接觸后，一個(gè)液相中的溶質(zhì)經(jīng)過(guò)物理或化學(xué)作用另一個(gè)液相，或在兩相中重新分配的過(guò)程。

Extraction,alsoknownasliquid-liquidextraction,referstotheprocessinwhich,aftertwocompletelyimmiscibleorpartiallymiscibleliquidphasescomeintocontactwitheachother,thesoluteinoneliquidphasetransferstotheotherliquidphaseunderphysicalorchemicalinteractions,orthesolutegetsredistributedinthetwophases.

在陽(yáng)極反應(yīng)的過(guò)程中，可能還有其他副反應(yīng)發(fā)生。Duringtheanodicreaction,othersidereactionsmayoccur.Me–ze=Mez+（在溶液中金屬的溶解）

Me–ze=Mez+(Dissolutionofmetalinsolution)Me+zH2O–ze=(OH)z+zH+（金屬氧化物的形成）

Me+zH2O–ze=(OH)z+zH+(FormationofMetalOxide)

2H2O–4e=O2+4H+

4OH--4e=