園林英語考試試題及答案一、詞匯與短語運用（共20題，每題1分，共20分）1.Thewindingfootpathisflankedbyadoublerowof________maples,whoseautumncolorhasbecomeasignatureoftheSuzhougarden.A.tridentB.ginkgoC.AcerpalmatumD.metasequoia答案：C2.InclassicalChinesegardenterminology,“借景”isbestrenderedas________.A.borrowedsceneryB.stolenviewC.distantvistaD.reflectedlandscape答案：A3.Therockerywasdeliberatelyerodedwithdiluted________acidtoaccelerateweatheringandachieveapitted,antiquesurface.A.hydrochloricB.sulfuricC.aceticD.nitric答案：B4.Thecuratorinsistedonusingonly________mortartorepointtheMingdynastybrickwork,rejectingmoderncement.A.epoxyB.limepozzolanC.gypsumD.magnesium答案：B5.A________gate,halfhiddenbytrailingwisteria,marksthetransitionfromthepublicalleytotheprivategardenrealm.A.moonB.bambooC.paifangD.trellis答案：A6.Thegarden’snightlightingschemeiskeptbelow5________tominimizedisruptiontocircadianrhythmsofnocturnalpollinators.A.luxB.candelaC.lumensD.kelvin答案：A7.Thedesignerspecified________pruningtoencouragetheplanetreestoformaerialrootsthatechothegarden’slimestonekarsttheme.A.pollardingB.coppicingC.espalierD.bonsai答案：A8.Theinscriptiononthesteleiswrittenin________script,prizedforitsdynamicstrokethatmirrorsthesurgingwaternearby.A.clericalB.sealC.runningD.regular答案：C9.Tocreatea“soundscape,”thegardenerlaid________underthecourtyardeavessoraindropsproduceamelodicdrip.A.terracottatilesB.perforatedbronzeplatesC.bluestoneslabsD.ceramicbells答案：B10.Thenewwetlandcelluses________australistofiltergreywaterbeforeitentersthekoipond.A.phragmitesB.typhaC.irisD.narcissus答案：A11.The________perspectivedrawing,executedbythe18thcenturyJesuitpainterCastiglione,documentstheQianlongEmperor’sgardeninexquisitedetail.A.isometricB.axonometricC.bird’seyeD.parallel答案：B12.Duringtherestoration,workersdiscovereda________pipe,aVictorianeraintrusionthathadbeendivertingspringwaterfor150years.A.leadB.castironC.bambooD.terracotta答案：B13.Thegarden’ssoilisamendedwith________tolowerpHforacidlovingcamellias.A.woodashB.dolomiteC.elementalsulfurD.quicklime答案：C14.The________fence,wovenfromfreshwillowwhips,willrootandsprout,creatingalivingbarrierwithinoneseason.A.pleachedB.wattledC.hurdleD.drystone答案：B15.Thedesignerquotedthe________principletojustifywideningthestreambottleneck,arguingthatstagnantwaterbreedsmosquitoesandoffendsfengshui.A.filialB.wabisabiC.shiD.kaizen答案：C16.The________lantern,carvedfromasingleblockoftuff,weighs2.3tonnesandrequiredagantrycraneforplacement.A.snowviewingB.pedestalC.buriedD.overhanging答案：B17.Thegarden’sQRcodedplantlabelslinktoan________databasethatupdatesnomenclatureinrealtime.A.IPNIB.GRINC.PlantsoftheWorldOnlineD.Tropicos答案：C18.The________layer,ageotextileinfusedwithmycorrhizalspores,wasrolledoutbeforeturfingtoensurerapidrootestablishment.A.hydroponicB.symbioticC.rhizomalD.capillary答案：B19.The________bridge,whosearchisasingle12mgraniteslab,istheonlysurvivingMingstructureafterthe1860flood.A.beamB.cantileverC.moonD.rainbow答案：D20.Thegarden’sacousticdesignincludesa________wallthatreflectsthecryoftheresidentpeacockstowardtheteahouseterrace.A.parabolicB.anechoicC.gabionD.green答案：A二、完形填空（共15空，每空1分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。The3.8hectaregardenliesinasubtropicalbasinwheresummerhumidityoften__21__90%.Suchconditionsfavourtheprolificgrowthofalgaeonstone,__22__thecurator’sattemptstopreservetheoriginaltactiletextureofMingperiodrockwork.Afterthreeseasonsof__23__cleaningwithsoftbristledbrushesanddeionisedwater,theteamconcededthatmechanicalremovalalonewas__24__.Theyturnedtoabioconservationapproach:introducinga__25__ofendolithicbacteriathatmetabolisealgalfilmswithoutsecretingacidsthatcouldharmthegranite’sfeldsparmatrix.Simultaneously,thegarden’shistoricirrigationsystem—oncefedbyamountainspring—hadbeen__26__byurbanisation.Engineersdesignedaclosedloophydrology:greywaterfromthevisitorcentreis__27__throughaseriesofverticalflowwetlandsplantedwithThaliadealbataandCannaindica,reducingnitrogentobelow5mgL?1beforethewater__28__intotheupperpond.Tomaintainthepoetictraditionof“hearingwaterwithoutseeingit,”theoutflowpassesthrougha__29__chambermodelledona17thcenturysketch;thestreamreemergesbeneathastonebridge,creatingagentleknellthat__30__thebamboogrove.Yetthemostdelicateinterventioninvolvedthegarden’scentennialOsmanthusfragrans.Agroundpenetratingradarsurveyrevealedthat62%ofitsrootzonehadbeen__31__byaformerservicetrench.Ratherthanexcavate,arboristsinjectedcompressedairsoilfracturesfilledwithbiocharand__32__myceliuminoculant,restoringporositywithoutseveringstructuralroots.Canopydiebackwasarrestedwithintwogrowthrings,andtheautumn__33__ofthetree—oncethoughtirretrievable—returnedatfullintensity,promptingthegardento__34__itsannualfragrancefestival,atraditionsuspendedsince1984.Inpostoccupancysurveys,visitorsreporteda27%increaseinperceived__35__,validatingtheconservationphilosophythatminimalintervention,whenguidedbyecologicalliteracy,cansustainbothculturalauthenticityandbiodiversity.21.A.surpassesB.attainsC.descendsD.stabilises答案：A22.A.challengingB.facilitatingC.ignoringD.complementing答案：A23.A.abrasiveB.dailyC.nocturnalD.quarterly答案：D24.A.sufficientB.redundantC.futileD.reversible答案：C25.A.colonyB.biofilmC.suspensionD.extract答案：A26.A.attenuatedB.severedC.reroutedD.chlorinated答案：B27.A.decantedB.percolatedC.chlorinatedD.aerated答案：B28.A.cascadesB.infiltratesC.seepsD.discharges答案：A29.A.resonanceB.subterraneanC.anechoicD.echo答案：B30.A.irradiatesB.permeatesC.modulatesD.obliterates答案：B31.A.compactedB.aeratedC.mulchedD.terraced答案：A32.A.trichodermaB.rhizobiumC.azotobacterD.lactobacillus答案：A33.A.effusionB.defoliationC.senescenceD.bloom答案：A34.A.resurrectB.postponeC.relocateD.commercialise答案：A35.A.nostalgiaB.tranquillityC.orientationD.congestion答案：B三、閱讀理解（共20題，每題2分，共40分）第一節(jié)仔細閱讀（共10題）TextAThestonecatalogueofMasterLiGonglin,compiledin1085,lists72“spiritstones”deemedsuitableforSongdynastygardens.Eachentryprovidesalithologicaldescription,anacousticrating,andapoeticepithet.RecentpetrographicanalysisofsurvivingspecimensintheSuzhouMuseumrevealsthat64%aredolomiticlimestone,19%aretuff,andtheremaindercomprisequartzsandstoneandsiltstone.Thecatalogue’sacousticratingscorrelatestrongly(r=0.81)withthestones’internaldampingcoefficientsmeasuredbymodernimpulseexcitation,suggestingthatSongconnoisseurspossessedanintuitiveunderstandingofmaterialresonance.36.Thecatalogue’sclassificationsystemprioritises________.A.provenanceB.acousticpropertyC.weightD.chroma答案：B37.Whichlithologyisunderrepresentedrelativetolocalgeology?A.dolomiticlimestoneB.tuffC.quartzsandstoneD.siltstone答案：C38.ThecorrelationcoefficientimpliesthatSongevaluators________.A.usedtuningforksB.reliedonsubjectivepitchC.ignoreddensityD.preferreddullsounds答案：BTextBA2022dronelidarsurveyoftheHumbleAdministrator’sGardenmapped1,847individualbambooculmswithanaverageheighterrorof±4cm.Clusteranalysisidentified12discretegroveswhosespatialdistributionalignswithsightlinesdocumentedin1673scrolls.Thedatadisprovethelongheldassumptionthatbamboowasrandomlyplanted;instead,everygroveoccupiesanodeinaCartesiangridwith1.8mspacing,amoduleidenticaltothebaywidthofthegarden’sverandas.39.Thesurveytechnologyprimarilyimprovedaccuracyinmeasuring________.A.leafareaindexB.culmdiameterC.canopyheightD.rhizomedepth答案：C40.The1.8mmodulesuggeststhatbamboofunctionedas________.A.windbreakB.metricbenchmarkC.biomasscropD.erosioncontrol答案：BTextCTheconceptof“gardentime”wastestedbyasking120visitorstoestimatethedurationofa30minutestroll.Subjectsimmersedinascentdiffusedosmanthuscorridorunderestimatedelapsedtimeby9.4min,whereasthoseinavisuallycomplexbutodourlessrockeryoverestimatedby6.2min.FunctionalMRIrevealeddifferentialactivationoftheanteriorinsularcortex,indicatingthatolfactorystimulicompresssubjectivedurationthroughemotionalmodulation.41.Theexperimentmanipulates________astheindependentvariable.A.soundB.scentC.lightD.temperature答案：B42.Thebrainregionimplicatedisassociatedwith________.A.motorcontrolB.interoceptionC.visualsearchD.lexicalaccess答案：BTextDAcomparativestudyofmossrecolonisationonnewlycarvedtaihustonesfoundthatsubstratesinoculatedwithaslurryofBryumargenteumanddilutedyogurtachieved78%coverin90days,whereasuntreatedsurfacesreachedonly11%.Theyogurtprovidesalactosederivednutrientpulsethatacceleratesprotonemalgrowthwithoutfosteringcompetitivealgae.43.Theyogurt’sprimaryroleistosupply________.A.calciumB.sugarC.proteinD.fat答案：B44.Thecontrolgroupconsistedof________.A.brushedstonesB.untreatedstonesC.shadedstonesD.heatedstones答案：B第二節(jié)快速閱讀（共10題）Instructions:Matcheachheading(i–x)withoneoftheparagraphs(45–54)below.Headingsmaybeusedonceonly.i.Fogharvestinginaridlandgardensii.QRcodedplantpassportscombatillegaltradeiii.3Dprintedrootchannelsrescueheritagetreesiv.AIpredictslotusbloomingpeaksfortouristappsv.Biocharreducesmethaneinwatergardensvi.Lasercleaningtrialsonmarbleqilinstatuesvii.Citizenscienceappmapsfireflypopulationsviii.Augmentedrealityguidesreconstructlostpavilionsix.Mycorrhizalnetworkstransplantedwithmaturetreesx.Ultrasonicdeterrenceofkoiherpesvirus45.ANanjinggardeninstallednylonmeshesthatcapture400Lofatmosphericmoisturenightly,irrigatingdroughtpronexerophytes.答案：i46.Visitorspointingphonesatemptyfoundationsseeasuperimposedhologramofthe1860pavilion,reconstructedfromarchivalphotogrammetry.答案：viii47.Soilcoresinjectedwith5%biochardecreasedCH?fluxby63%inlotusponds,mitigatingodourcomplaintsfromnearbycafés.答案：v48.Machinelearningmodelstrainedonfiveyearsofmeteorologicaldataforecastlotusanthesiswithina48hourwindow,pushingticketdiscounts.答案：iv49.EverypottedcycadbearsablockchainQRtagthatlogsCITESpermits,thwartingsmugglersatcustoms.答案：ii50.Arboristsprintedporousclayconduitsthatguideregrowthofseveredrootsbeneatha450yearoldpine,savingitfromwindthrow.答案：iii51.NighttimeultrasonicemittersreducedkoimortalityfromKHVby38%withoutharmingamphibians.答案：x52.Volunteersuploadedgeotaggedfireflysightings;heatmapsguideLEDcolourtemperatureadjustmentstoreducephotopollution.答案：vii53.A2nspulsedlaserremoved140yearsofgypsumcrustfrommarblemythicalbeastswithoutwetchemistry.答案：vi54.Whenrelocatingan80yearoldoak,crewsextracted30m3ofsoilcontainingitsnativemycorrhizalweb,ensuringzerotransplantshock.答案：ix四、翻譯（共2段，每段15分，共30分）第一節(jié)英譯漢TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Theconceptof“shakkei”transcendsmerevisualappropriation;itisanactofecologicaldiplomacywherebythegardennegotiateswithitssurroundingterritory,tradingpollen,spores,andevengenesacrossporousboundaries.Thedistantmountain,framedbyamoongate,becomesaciviccoownerofthegarden’scarbonbudget,whilethegarden,inturn,exportscooledairandpollinatorhighwaysbacktothecity.答案：“借景”并非單純的視覺挪用，而是一種生態(tài)外交行為：園林與其周邊領域協(xié)商，通過松散的邊界交換花粉、孢子乃至基因。月門框出的遠山，成為園林碳預算的公民合伙人；而園林則向城市輸出冷卻的空氣與傳粉者通道，實現(xiàn)雙向饋贈。第二節(jié)漢譯英TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.明代計成在《園冶》中提出“屋宇曲折，以避風雨”，其現(xiàn)代轉譯不僅是物理遮蔽，更關乎微氣候調(diào)控。通過BIM模型迭代，我們將檐口高度從2.8m抬升至3.2m，使夏季東南風在0.3s內(nèi)掠過水面，降低座區(qū)體感溫度2.4℃，同時保持冬季圍合感，實現(xiàn)古訓的數(shù)字化再生。答案：JiChenginYuanYe(1631)advocated“crookedpavilionstododgewindandrain.”Itscontemporaryreinterpretationtranscendsmereshelter,targetingmicroclimatemodulation.ThroughiterativeBIMsimulations,weraisedtheeavefrom2.8mto3.2m,allowingsoutheasterlysummerwindstoskimthewatersurfacewithin0.3sandlowerseatedcomforttemperatureby2.4°C,whilepreservingwinterenclosure—analgorithmicrebirthofMingwisdom.五、寫作（共1題，25分）Task:TheUNESCOWorldHeritageCommitteehasrequesteda300wordtechnicalcommentaryonhowtobalance