2025年GRE語(yǔ)文TPO專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練卷考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______閱讀理解部分passage1Theproliferationofsocialmediaplatformshasfundamentallyalteredthelandscapeofpublicdiscourseinthemodernera.Whiletheseplatformshavedemocratizedaccesstoinformationandprovidedunprecedentedopportunitiesforconnectionandcommunitybuilding,theyhavealsointroducednewchallengestothequalityandreliabilityofinformationshared.Onesignificantissueistheeasewithwhichmisinformationcanspread.Thealgorithmicdesignofmanysocialmediasitesprioritizesengagementoveraccuracy,oftenamplifyingsensationaloremotionallychargedcontent,regardlessofitsfactualbasis.Thiscanleadtotherapiddisseminationoffalseormisleadinginformation,whichcanhaveseriousconsequences,particularlyduringtimesofcrisisorwhenaddressingcriticalsocialissues.Furthermore,theanonymityorpseudo-anonymityaffordedbytheseplatformscanemboldenindividualstoengageinharassment,discrimination,orthepromotionofhatespeech,creatingtoxicenvironmentsthatundermineconstructivedialogue.Despitethesechallenges,socialmediaremainsapowerfultoolforsocialmobilizationandactivism,enablingindividualstoorganizearoundsharedconcernsandadvocateforchange.However,theeffectivenessofsuchmovementsisoftenconstrainedbythesamemechanismsthatfacilitatethespreadofmisinformation,suchastheechochambersthatreinforceexistingbeliefsandthedifficultyinreachingconsensusacrossdiverseonlinegroups.Question1:Accordingtothepassage,oneoftheprimarywayssocialmediaplatformscontributetothespreadofmisinformationisthroughQuestion2:Thepassagesuggeststhatthedesignofsocialmediaplatforms,byprioritizingengagement,canhaveunintendedconsequencesrelatedtotheQuestion3:Theauthorimpliesthattheanonymityfeatureonsocialmediaplatformsmayleadtonegativeoutcomessuchaspassage2Theconceptofcognitiveloadtheorypositsthatlearningismosteffectivewhenlearnersarenotoverwhelmedbyexcessiveinformationorcomplexitypresentedatonce.Cognitiveloadreferstothetotalamountofmentaleffortbeingusedintheworkingmemory.Therearethreemaintypesofcognitiveload:intrinsic,extraneous,andgermane.Intrinsiccognitiveloadstemsfromtheinherentdifficultyofthelearningmaterialitself;forexample,complexmathematicalproblemsnaturallyrequiremorementaleffortthansimplearithmetic.Extraneouscognitiveloadresultsfrom呈現(xiàn)方式的不良設(shè)計(jì)orirrelevantinformationthatinterfereswithlearning,suchaspoorlystructuredtextordistractingvisuals.Thistypeofloadcanbereducedthrougheffectiveinstructionaldesign.Germanecognitiveload,ontheotherhand,referstothementaleffortdedicatedtoprocessingandunderstandingtheinformation,constructingschemas,andintegratingnewknowledgewithexistingknowledge.Thisistheonlytypeofcognitiveloadthatcontributespositivelytolearning.Therefore,instructionalstrategiesshouldaimtominimizeextraneouscognitiveloadandfacilitategermanecognitiveloadbyprovidingclearexplanations,relevantexamples,andopportunitiesforpracticeandreflection.Whencognitiveloadisappropriatelymanaged,learnerscanmoreeffectivelyprocessinformationandachievedeeperunderstanding.Question4:Accordingtocognitiveloadtheory,whichofthefollowingtypesofcognitiveloadisconsideredbeneficialforlearning?Question5:Thepassageidentifiesextraneouscognitiveloadasresultingfromfactorsthat干擾withlearning,anditsuggeststhatthistypeofloadcanbemitigatedthroughQuestion6:Theauthormentionsthatinstructionalstrategiesshouldfacilitatethetypeofcognitiveloadthatcontributespositivelytolearningbyprovidingcertainelements.WhichofthefollowingisNOTlistedasoneofthesefacilitatingelementsinthepassage?passage3Inthecontextofglobalenvironmentalchange,biodiversitylossposesasignificantthreattoecosystemstabilityandfunction.Biodiversity,encompassingthevarietyoflifeatalllevelsfromgenestoecosystems,underpinsmanyessentialecosystemservices,suchaspollination,waterpurification,andcarbonsequestration.Thelossofspeciesandgeneticdiversitycandisrupttheseprocesses,potentiallyleadingtocascadingnegativeeffectsonecosystemresilienceandtheprovisionofservicesvitalforhumanwell-being.Humanactivities,includinghabitatdestruction,pollution,climatechange,andoverexploitation,areprimarydriversofbiodiversityloss.Habitatdestruction,oftenresultingfromagriculturalexpansion,urbanization,andinfrastructuredevelopment,removesorfragmentsthenaturalenvironmentsinwhichmanyspecieslive.Pollution,fromsourceslikeindustrialdischargeandagriculturalrunoff,canpoisonorganismsanddegradehabitats.Climatechange,drivenbyhuman-generatedgreenhousegasemissions,alterstemperatureandprecipitationpatterns,forcingspeciestomigrateorfaceextinctioniftheycannotadapt.Overexploitation,suchasoverfishingordeforestationfortimber,depletespopulationsfasterthantheycanrecover.Addressingbiodiversitylossrequiresamultifacetedapproach,includinghabitatconservation,sustainableland-useplanning,pollutioncontrol,andeffortstomitigateclimatechange.Protectingbiodiversityisnotmerelyanenvironmentalconcernbutisalsocrucialforensuringthelong-termsustainabilityofecosystemsandtheservicestheyprovide.Question7:ThepassageindicatesthatbiodiversitylosscanhavenegativeconsequencesforecosystemsprimarilybyQuestion8:Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisconsideredaprimarydriverofbiodiversityloss?Question9:Thepassagementionsthathabitatdestructioncanresultfromvariousactivities.WhichofthefollowingisNOTlistedasanactivitythatcanleadtohabitatdestructioninthepassage?填空部分passage1Thedevelopmentofmodernagriculturehasdramaticallyincreasedfoodproduction,enablingthesustenanceofaglobalpopulationfarexceedingthatofpreviouseras.Thistransformationhasbeenfueledbyseveralkeytechnologicaladvancements,mostnotablytheGreenRevolution,whichintroducedhigh-yieldcropvarieties,intensiveirrigationpractices,andthewidespreaduseofsyntheticfertilizersandpesticides.Whiletheseinnovationshaveundoubtedlyaddressedconcernsaboutfoodsecurityforbillions,theyhavealsobroughtaboutsignificantenvironmentalconsequences.Theintensiveuseofchemicalfertilizershasledtosoildegradationandnutrientrunoffintowaterways,causingeutrophicationandharmingaquaticecosystems.Pesticideapplicationhasraisedconcernsaboutthehealthoffarmworkersandthepotentialeliminationofbeneficialinsectpopulations,includingpollinators.Furthermore,thefocusonalimitednumberofhigh-yieldcropvarietieshasreducedgeneticdiversity,makingagriculturalsystemsmorevulnerabletopests,diseases,andclimatechange.Astheglobalpopulationcontinuestogrowandclimatepatternsbecomeincreasinglyunpredictable,thelimitationsofthisintensiveagriculturalmodelarebecomingincreasinglyapparent,promptingasearchformoresustainableandresilientfoodproductionsystems.Question10:ThepassagementionsthattheGreenRevolutionintroducedseveraltechnologicaladvancements,including_,_,andthewidespreaduseofsyntheticfertilizersandpesticides.Question11:Accordingtothepassage,onesignificantenvironmentalconsequenceoftheintensiveuseofchemicalfertilizersis_.Question12:Thepassagenotesthatthefocusonalimitednumberofhigh-yieldcropvarietieshasresultedin_,makingagriculturalsystemsmorevulnerabletovariousthreats.passage2Effectiveleadershipinanyorganizationrequiresacombinationoftechnicalexpertiseandinterpersonalskills.Whiletechnicalknowledgeallowsleaderstounderstandthecomplexitiesofthetasksathandandmakeinformeddecisions,itistheabilitytointeracteffectivelywithothersthattrulydistinguishesstrongleaders.Thisincludesskillssuchascommunication,empathy,andthecapacitytoinspireandmotivateteammembers.Communicationisessentialforensuringthateveryoneunderstandstheorganization'sgoals,theirroleswithinthem,andthefeedbacktheyreceive.Empathyallowsleaderstounderstandtheperspectivesandconcernsoftheirteammembers,fosteringamoresupportiveandcollaborativeworkenvironment.Motivationiskeytoenergizingtheteamandencouragingthemtoperformattheirbest.Leaderswhopossessbothtechnicalandinterpersonalskillsarebetterequippedtonavigatethechallengesofleadingateam,buildstrongrelationships,andachieveorganizationalsuccess.Anindividualmaybehighlyskilledintheirtechnicalareabutlackthenecessarypeopleskillstoleadeffectively,justassomeonestrongininterpersonalabilitiesmightstrugglewithoutsufficienttechnicalunderstandingtomakesounddecisionsrelatedtotheirteam'swork.Question13:Thepassagesuggeststhatwhiletechnicalknowledgeisimportantforleaders,itistheirabilitytointeractwithothersthattrulysetsstrongleadersapart.Question14:Accordingtothepassage,communicationskillsareimportantforleadersbecausetheyfacilitateunderstandingamongteammembersregarding_,_,and_.Question15:Thepassageidentifiesempathyasaskillthatallowsleaderstounderstand_,whichcanfosteramoresupportiveworkenvironment.句子填空部分Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)is正在改變numerousaspectsofthemodernworkplace,promptingbothexcitementaboutpotentialproductivitygainsandconcernregardingitsimpactonemployment.ProponentsarguethatAIcanautomaterepetitiveanddangeroustasks,allowinghumanworkerstofocusonmorecreativeandstrategicendeavors.Thiscouldleadtoincreasedinnovationandeconomicgrowth.However,criticspointoutthattheautomationoftaskscouldresultinsignificantjobdisplacementacrossvariousindustries,particularlythoseinvolvingdataprocessingorroutinemanuallabor.Furthermore,thedevelopmentanddeploymentofAIraiseethicalquestionsregardingdataprivacy,algorithmicbias,andthepotentialconcentrationofpowerinthehandsofafewlargetechnologycompanies.AsAIsystemsbecomemoresophisticated,societymustgrapplewithhowtoensurethattheirbenefitsareequitablydistributedandthatthenegativeconsequencesaremitigated.Thismayinvolveinvestmentsineducationandretrainingprogramstohelpworkersadapttothechangingjobmarket,aswellasthedevelopmentofregulationstoguidetheresponsibleuseofAItechnology.Question16:Theblankcanbebestfilledwiththeword(s)“aretransforming”.Question17:Theblankcanbebestfilledwiththeword(s)“couldlead”.Question18:Theblankcanbebestfilledwiththeword(s)“mustgrapple”.試卷答案閱讀理解部分passage1Question1:Thespreadofsensationaloremotionallychargedcontentamplifiedbyalgorithmicdesign.*解析思路：文章第一段明確指出，“Thealgorithmicdesignofmanysocialmediasitesprioritizesengagementoveraccuracy,oftenamplifyingsensationaloremotionallychargedcontent,regardlessofitsfactualbasis.”這說(shuō)明算法優(yōu)先考慮參與度而非準(zhǔn)確性，常常放大煽動(dòng)性或情緒化的內(nèi)容，無(wú)論其是否基于事實(shí)。這與選項(xiàng)“內(nèi)容的傳播，這些內(nèi)容由算法設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)先考慮參與度放大”的意思相符。Question2:Theechochambersthatreinforceexistingbeliefs.*解析思路：文章第一段提到，“Thiscanleadtotherapiddisseminationoffalseormisleadinginformation,whichcanhaveseriousconsequences,particularlyduringtimesofcrisisorwhenaddressingcriticalsocialissues.”以及后面提到，“Furthermore,theanonymityorpseudo-anonymityaffordedbytheseplatformscanemboldenindividualstoengageinharassment,discrimination,orthepromotionofhatespeech,creatingtoxicenvironmentsthatundermineconstructivedialogue.”雖然文章沒(méi)有直接點(diǎn)出“echochambers”（回聲室），但前文提到算法放大“sensationaloremotionallychargedcontent”（煽動(dòng)性或情緒化內(nèi)容），這通常會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們只接觸到與自己觀點(diǎn)相似的信息，形成回聲室效應(yīng)。選項(xiàng)“那些強(qiáng)化既有信念的回聲室”符合這種邏輯推斷。*(注意：如果題目本身沒(méi)有明確給出“echochambers”，此題答案可能需要根據(jù)題目選項(xiàng)和文章整體邏輯進(jìn)行最佳匹配選擇，此處提供一種可能的考點(diǎn)方向)*Question3:Harassment,discrimination,orthepromotionofhatespeech.*解析思路：文章第一段明確提到，“theanonymityorpseudo-anonymityaffordedbytheseplatformscanemboldenindividualstoengageinharassment,discrimination,orthepromotionofhatespeech,creatingtoxicenvironmentsthatundermineconstructivedialogue.”這直接說(shuō)明了匿名性可能導(dǎo)致騷擾、歧視或宣揚(yáng)仇恨言論。passage2Question4:Germanecognitiveload.*解析思路：文章第二段明確指出，“Thisistheonlytypeofcognitiveloadthatcontributespositivelytolearning.”即“這種認(rèn)知負(fù)荷類型是唯一對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)有積極貢獻(xiàn)的類型?！焙竺娼忉屃诉@是指“mentaleffortdedicatedtoprocessingandunderstandingtheinformation,constructingschemas,andintegratingnewknowledge”（用于處理和理解信息、構(gòu)建圖式和整合新知識(shí)的心理努力）。選項(xiàng)“有助于學(xué)習(xí)的認(rèn)知負(fù)荷”與“germanecognitiveload”的意思相符。Question5:Effectiveinstructionaldesign.*解析思路：文章第二段提到，“extraneouscognitiveloadresultsfrom呈現(xiàn)方式的不良設(shè)計(jì)orirrelevantinformationthatinterfereswithlearning,suchaspoorlystructuredtextordistractingvisuals.”并進(jìn)一步指出，“Thistypeofloadcanbereducedthrougheffectiveinstructionaldesign.”即這種負(fù)荷可以通過(guò)“有效的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)”來(lái)減少。選項(xiàng)“有效的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)”直接對(duì)應(yīng)文中的說(shuō)法。Question6:Assessmentandevaluation.*解析思路：文章第二段提到，“instructionalstrategiesshouldaimtominimizeextraneouscognitiveloadandfacilitategermanecognitiveloadbyprovidingclearexplanations,relevantexamples,andopportunitiesforpracticeandreflection.”列出的促進(jìn)積極認(rèn)知負(fù)荷的元素有“clearexplanations”（清晰的解釋）、“relevantexamples”（相關(guān)的例子）和“opportunitiesforpracticeandreflection”（練習(xí)和反思的機(jī)會(huì)）。選項(xiàng)“A”中的“Assessmentandevaluation”（評(píng)估和評(píng)價(jià)）并未在文中提及作為促進(jìn)積極認(rèn)知負(fù)荷的手段。passage3Question7:Disruptingprocessessuchaspollination,waterpurification,andcarbonsequestration.*解析思路：文章第三段開(kāi)頭明確指出，“Biodiversitylosscandisrupttheseprocesses,potentiallyleadingtocascadingnegativeeffectsonecosystemresilienceandtheprovisionofservicesvitalforhumanwell-being.”其中，“theseprocesses”指代的是前文提到的“essentialecosystemservices,suchaspollination,waterpurification,andcarbonsequestration”（如傳粉、水凈化和碳封存等基本生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)）。因此，生物多樣性喪失通過(guò)破壞這些過(guò)程而對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。Question8:Humanactivities,includinghabitatdestruction,pollution,climatechange,andoverexploitation.*解析思路：文章第三段明確列舉了生物多樣性喪失的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)因素，“Humanactivities,includinghabitatdestruction,pollution,climatechange,andoverexploitation,areprimarydriversofbiodiversityloss.”選項(xiàng)“人類活動(dòng)，包括棲息地破壞、污染、氣候變化和過(guò)度開(kāi)發(fā)”直接對(duì)應(yīng)文中的描述。Question9:Urbanization.*解析思路：文章第三段在解釋“habitatdestruction”時(shí)提到，“habitatdestruction,oftenresultingfromagriculturalexpansion,urbanization,andinfrastructuredevelopment,removesorfragmentsthenaturalenvironmentsinwhichmanyspecieslive.”這里明確列出了農(nóng)業(yè)擴(kuò)張、城市化和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)作為棲息地破壞的原因。選項(xiàng)“Urbanization”（城市化）是其中之一。*(注意：如果題目選項(xiàng)中沒(méi)有“agriculturalexpansion,urbanization,andinfrastructuredevelopment”，則需要從原文明確列出的三個(gè)活動(dòng)中選擇一個(gè)未被題目選項(xiàng)包含的。根據(jù)原文，三個(gè)活動(dòng)都是例子)*填空部分passage1Question10:High-yieldcropvarieties,intensiveirrigationpractices.*解析思路：文章第一段明確提到了“theGreenRevolution,whichintroducedhigh-yieldcropvarieties,intensiveirrigationpractices,andthewidespreaduseofsyntheticfertilizersandpesticides.”填空處需要填入文中列出的三個(gè)技術(shù)進(jìn)步中的兩個(gè)，即“high-yieldcropvarieties”（高產(chǎn)量作物品種）和“intensiveirrigationpractices”（密集灌溉實(shí)踐）。Question11:Soildegradationandnutrientrunoffintowaterways,causingeutrophicationandharmingaquaticecosystems.*解析思路：文章第一段明確指出，“Theintensiveuseofchemicalfertilizershasledtosoildegradationandnutrientrunoffintowaterways,causingeutrophicationandharmingaquaticecosystems.”這描述了化肥過(guò)度使用導(dǎo)致的一個(gè)主要環(huán)境后果。選項(xiàng)“土壤退化和營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)流入水道，導(dǎo)致富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化并損害水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)”與文中的說(shuō)法一致。Question12:Reducedgeneticdiversity.*解析思路：文章第一段提到，“Thefocusonalimitednumberofhigh-yieldcropvarietieshasreducedgeneticdiversity,makingagriculturalsystemsmorevulnerabletopests,diseases,andclimatechange.”這說(shuō)明專注于少數(shù)幾種高產(chǎn)量作物品種導(dǎo)致了“geneticdiversity”（遺傳多樣性）的減少。passage2Question13:Itistheirabilitytointeractwithothersthattrulysetsstrongleadersapart.*解析思路：文章第二段開(kāi)頭明確比較了技術(shù)能力和人際交往能力，指出，“Whiletechnicalknowledgeisimportantforleaders,itistheabilitytointeractwithothersthattrulyd