高考英語邏輯能力真題及答案

一、單項(xiàng)選擇題，(總共10題，每題2分)。1.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillcancelthepicnic.Thepicnicwascanceled.Whichofthefollowingcanbelogicallyinferred?A.Itrainedtomorrow.B.Itdidnotraintomorrow.C.Itmayhaverainedtomorrow.D.Itisimpossibletodeterminewhetheritrainedtomorrow.Answer:B2.Allmammalsarewarm-blooded.Whalesaremammals.Whichofthefollowingconclusionsisvalid?A.Allwarm-bloodedanimalsarewhales.B.Whalesarenotwarm-blooded.C.Allwhalesaremammals.D.Somewarm-bloodedanimalsarenotmammals.Answer:C3.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Youpassedtheexam.Whichofthefollowingcanbelogicallyinferred?A.Youstudiedhard.B.Youdidnotstudyhard.C.Youmayhavestudiedhard.D.Itisimpossibletodeterminewhetheryoustudiedhard.Answer:C4.Noonewholikesclassicalmusiclikespopmusic.Johnlikespopmusic.Whichofthefollowingcanbelogicallyinferred?A.Johnlikesclassicalmusic.B.Johndoesnotlikeclassicalmusic.C.Johnmaylikeclassicalmusic.D.ItisimpossibletodeterminewhetherJohnlikesclassicalmusic.Answer:B5.Ifthetrainislate,thebuswillbefull.Thebuswasfull.Whichofthefollowingcanbelogicallyinferred?A.Thetrainwaslate.B.Thetrainwasnotlate.C.Thetrainmayhavebeenlate.D.Itisimpossibletodeterminewhetherthetrainwaslate.Answer:C6.Allstudentsmustattendthemeeting.Somestudentsareabsent.Whichofthefollowingcanbelogicallyinferred?A.Allstudentsareabsent.B.Somestudentsarepresent.C.Nostudentsarepresent.D.Itisimpossibletodeterminewhetheranystudentsarepresent.Answer:B7.Ifitissunny,wewillgotothebeach.Itisnotsunny.Whichofthefollowingcanbelogicallyinferred?A.Wewillgotothebeach.B.Wewillnotgotothebeach.C.Wemaygotothebeach.D.Itisimpossibletodeterminewhetherwewillgotothebeach.Answer:B8.Nobirdcanflyunderwater.Penguinsarebirds.Whichofthefollowingconclusionsisvalid?A.Allbirdscanflyunderwater.B.Penguinscannotflyunderwater.C.Somebirdscanflyunderwater.D.Itisimpossibletodeterminewhetherpenguinscanflyunderwater.Answer:B9.Ifyoudrinkcoffee,youwillstayawake.Youdidnotstayawake.Whichofthefollowingcanbelogicallyinferred?A.Youdrankcoffee.B.Youdidnotdrinkcoffee.C.Youmayhavedrunkcoffee.D.Itisimpossibletodeterminewhetheryoudrankcoffee.Answer:B10.Alldoctorsareintelligent.Somedoctorsarenotsurgeons.Whichofthefollowingcanbelogicallyinferred?A.Allintelligentpeoplearesurgeons.B.Someintelligentpeoplearenotsurgeons.C.Allsurgeonsareintelligent.D.Itisimpossibletodeterminewhetheranyintelligentpeoplearenotsurgeons.Answer:B二、多項(xiàng)選擇題，(總共10題，每題2分)。1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaretrue?A.Ifitisraining,thenthegroundiswet.B.Ifthegroundiswet,thenitisraining.C.Ifitisnotraining,thenthegroundisnotwet.D.Ifthegroundisnotwet,thenitisnotraining.Answer:A,D2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaretrue?A.Allsquaresarerectangles.B.Allrectanglesaresquares.C.Somesquaresarenotrectangles.D.Somerectanglesarenotsquares.Answer:A,D3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaretrue?A.Ifyouareastudent,thenyoumustattendclass.B.Ifyoudonotattendclass,thenyouarenotastudent.C.Ifyouarenotastudent,thenyoudonotattendclass.D.Ifyouattendclass,thenyouareastudent.Answer:A,B4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaretrue?A.Allmammalsarewarm-blooded.B.Allwarm-bloodedanimalsaremammals.C.Somemammalsarenotwarm-blooded.D.Somewarm-bloodedanimalsarenotmammals.Answer:A,D5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaretrue?A.Ifitissunny,wewillgotothebeach.B.Ifwedonotgotothebeach,itisnotsunny.C.Ifitisnotsunny,wewillnotgotothebeach.D.Ifwegotothebeach,itissunny.Answer:A,C6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaretrue?A.Nobirdcanflyunderwater.B.Allbirdscanflyunderwater.C.Somebirdscanflyunderwater.D.Somebirdscannotflyunderwater.Answer:A,D7.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaretrue?A.Ifyoudrinkcoffee,youwillstayawake.B.Ifyoudonotstayawake,thenyoudidnotdrinkcoffee.C.Ifyoustayawake,thenyoudrankcoffee.D.Ifyoudonotdrinkcoffee,thenyouwillnotstayawake.Answer:A,D8.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaretrue?A.Alldoctorsareintelligent.B.Somedoctorsarenotsurgeons.C.Allintelligentpeoplearedoctors.D.Someintelligentpeoplearenotdoctors.Answer:A,B,D9.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaretrue?A.Ifitisraining,thenthegroundiswet.B.Ifthegroundiswet,thenitisraining.C.Ifitisnotraining,thenthegroundisnotwet.D.Ifthegroundisnotwet,thenitisnotraining.Answer:A,D10.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaretrue?A.Allsquaresarerectangles.B.Allrectanglesaresquares.C.Somesquaresarenotrectangles.D.Somerectanglesarenotsquares.Answer:A,D三、判斷題，(總共10題，每題2分)。1.Ifitisraining,thenthegroundiswet.Trueorfalse?Answer:True2.Allmammalsarewarm-blooded.Trueorfalse?Answer:True3.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Trueorfalse?Answer:True4.Noonewholikesclassicalmusiclikespopmusic.Trueorfalse?Answer:True5.Ifthetrainislate,thebuswillbefull.Trueorfalse?Answer:True6.Allstudentsmustattendthemeeting.Trueorfalse?Answer:True7.Ifitissunny,wewillgotothebeach.Trueorfalse?Answer:True8.Nobirdcanflyunderwater.Trueorfalse?Answer:True9.Ifyoudrinkcoffee,youwillstayawake.Trueorfalse?Answer:True10.Alldoctorsareintelligent.Trueorfalse?Answer:True四、簡答題，(總共4題，每題5分)。1.Explaintheconceptoflogicalimplication.Answer:Logicalimplicationisarelationshipbetweentwostatementswhereifthefirststatement(theantecedent)istrue,thesecondstatement(theconsequent)mustalsobetrue.Forexample,"Ifitisraining,thenthegroundiswet"impliesthatwheneveritrains,thegroundwillbewet.2.Describethedifferencebetweenanecessaryconditionandasufficientcondition.Answer:Anecessaryconditionissomethingthatmustbetrueforanotherstatementtobetrue.Forexample,beingamammalisanecessaryconditionforbeingwarm-blooded.Asufficientconditionissomethingthat,iftrue,guaranteesthatanotherstatementistrue.Forexample,studyinghardisasufficientconditionforpassingtheexam.3.Whatisthemeaningofavalidargumentinlogic?Answer:Avalidargumentinlogicisonewhereifthepremisesaretrue,theconclusionmustalsobetrue.Thevalidityoftheargumentdependsonthestructureoftheargument,nottheactualtruthofthepremises.Forexample,"Allmammalsarewarm-blooded,andwhalesaremammals;therefore,whalesarewarm-blooded"isavalidargument.4.Explaintheconceptofalogicalcontradiction.Answer:Alogicalcontradictionisastatementthatcannotbetruebecauseitassertstwooppositethingssimultaneously.Forexample,"Itisbothrainingandnotraining"isalogicalcontradictionbecauseitcannotbetruethatitisrainingandnotrainingatthesametime.五、討論題，(總共4題，每題5分)。1.Discusstheimportanceoflogicalreasoningineverydaylife.Answer:Logicalreasoningiscrucialineverydaylifeasithelpsinmakinginformeddecisions,solvingproblemseffectively,andunderstandingtherelationshipsbetweendifferentpiecesofinformation.Itenablesindividualstoidentifyvalidarguments,avoidfallacies,andthinkcriticallyabouttheinformationtheyencounter.2.Explainhowlogicalreasoningisusedinscientificresearch.Answer:Logicalreasoningisfundamentalinscientificresearchasithelpsinformulatinghypotheses,designingexperiments,andinterpretingresults.Scientistsuselogicalreasoningtoensurethattheirconclusionsarebased