Chapter1(答案DDCACADBCA\FTFFTFFTTF)

I)Psychologyisbestdefinedasthescientificstudyof

A)themindandconsciousness.

B)thementalprocessesofindividuals.

C)mentaldisordersandabnormal(反常的)behavior.

D)thebehaviorofindividuals(個(gè)另lj的)andtheirmentalprocesses.

2.Th.firs.tas.i.psycholog.i.t.mak.accurat.observations(觀(guān)

；Kl].abou.behavior.Thi.mean.tha.psychologist.mus.firs..behavior.

A)predictB)explainC)controlD)describe

3)Whendrawingconclusions(結(jié)論)aboutbehavior,psychologistsrelyon

A.thei.ow.pcrsona.beliefs.B.wha.i.know.a."comnio.sense(常識(shí))

C.objectivel.collecle.infbrmation.D.lhei.everyda.observation.o.people.

4.1.orde.t.investigat.behavior.researcher.ma.us.differen.level.o.analysis.Whic.o.lh.foliowin.researc.

question.exemplifies(^ff.th.broadest.mos.globa.leve.o.analysis?

A)Whatarctheoriginsofprejudice?

B)Aretheregenderdifferencesinprejudice?

C)Aretheredifferencesinhowvariousracialgroupsexpressprejudice?

D)Whatistheroleofearlychildhoodexperiencesintheformationofprejudice?

5)In1908,HermannEbbinghaus(艾賓浩斯)wrotethat"Psychologyhasalongpast,butonly

ashorthistory."Whichstatementbestcaptures(描述)theideathatEbbinghauswasexpressing

(表達(dá))？

A)Psychologists,likephilosophers,havedifficultylearningfromtheirmistakes.

B)Questionsabouthumannaturehaveexistedforalongtime,butonlyrecentlyhavethemethods

necessarytoanswer(hembeendeveloped.

C）Thefieldofpsychologyhasexistedforalongtime,butonlyrecentlyhavescholarsbegunto

recordtheaccomplishments（造詣）oftheprofession.

D）Althoughpsychologistshavebeendoinglaboratoryresearchforhundredsofyears,littleof

substance（實(shí)質(zhì)）hasbeendiscoveredabouthumannature.

6）Whichstatementmustcloselyuhaiacleiizes（是..的特性）（liecuiiein（流行）viewuf

mostpsychologiststowardthestudyofbehavior?A

A）Psychologistsborrowandblendfrom（混合）differentperspectives（觀(guān)點(diǎn)）.

B）Psychologiststendtoagreethatthemostproductiveapproachisthebiologicalperspective.

C）Psychologiststaketheapproachthatcomplexbehaviorcanbereducedtopatternsofsimple

behavior.

D）Althoughpsychologistsdifferintheirbasicapproach,allagreeonthequestionstobeasked

andhowtheyshouldbestudied.

7）Apsychologistwhoexplainsarapist's（強(qiáng)奸犯）behaviorintermsof（herapist'sdisplaced

hostility（敵意）towardhismotherismostlikelytopreferthe_Dperspective.

A）cognitiveB）humanistic（人本主義）C）evolutionaryD）psychodynamic（精神動(dòng)力）

8）PsychologistswhotakethebehavioristapproachseektoB

A）illustrate解釋theinnate天生的品質(zhì)goodnessofhumans.

B）understandhowenvironmentalstimuli（束U激）controlbehavior.

C）validatetheimportanceofihoughtprocessesinhumanbehavior.

D）demonstratetheimportanceofunresolvedconflictsandinnerforces.

9..teache.want.t.se.whetlie.smilin.a.childre.i.the.rais.tliei.hand.whe.sh.ask..questio.increase.th.likeli

hoo.（也許性）

tha.childre.wil.voluntee.answers.Fro.th.behavioris.perspective.th.anteceden.environmenta.corditio

.i..an.ih.consequenc.i..C

A)smiling;raisingofhandB)raisingofhand;smiling

C)askingaquestion;smilingD)raisingofhand;askingaquestion

10)ThehumanisticperspectiveinpsychologygivesgreaterweightandimportancetoA

A)thecapacityofhumanstomakechoices.

B)breakingdowncomplexbehaviorintoelementaryunitsofbehavior.

C)howenvironmentalforcescometocontroltheindividual'sbehavior.

D)thepowerfulinstinctualtendenciesthatdominatepeople'sactions.

IITrueorFalseFTFFTFFTTF

1)Psychologistsarctrainedtodescribebehaviorfromtheirownsubjective(主觀(guān)的)pointof

view,makingsure(oincludeIheinownbiases(偏見(jiàn))andexpeclalionsin【heirobservations.

2)Withrespectto(hegoalsofpsychology,descriptionsmuststick(operceivable(可知覺(jué)的)

information,whereas(但是)explanationsdeliberately(謹(jǐn)慎的)gobeyondwhatcanbe

observed.

3)Psychologistsbelievethatbehaviorshouldonlybestudiedinacontrolledresearchlaboratory.

4.1.1879.B.F.Skinne.foundc.th.firs.fbrma.laborator.dcvote.t.expcrinicnta.psychology.

5)InFreud's(弗洛伊德)view,humannatureisnotalwaysrational(理智的),andbehavior

maybedrivenbymotives(動(dòng)機(jī))thatarenotinconsciousawareness.

6)Accordingtothehumanisticperspective,peoplearedrivenbypowerful,instinctive(本能)

forces,manipulatedbytheirenvironments,andareincapableofmakingchoicesanddecisions

concerningtheirlives.

7)Intheviewofpsychologistswhofollowthecognitiveperspective,behavioriscompletely

determined（堅(jiān)定的）byprecedingenvironmentaleventsandpastbehavioralconsequences.

8）Simplystated,theideabehindnaturalselectionis（hatorganisms（有機(jī)體）thatarebetter

suitedtotheirenvironmentstendtoproduceoffspring（后代）moresuccessfullythanthose

organismswithpooreradaptations.

9）Brainimagingtechniques（腦成像技術(shù)）haveledtodramaticbreakthroughsinthefieldof

cognitiveneuroscience（神經(jīng)科學(xué)）.

10）Clinicalpsychologistsapplytheinsightsofresearchers,bularenoltrainedlodoresearch

themselves.

Chapter2

1）Inwhatwaysaretheoriesandhypotheses（臆測(cè)）interrelated?

A）Hypothesesaremoreimportantthantheories.

B）Theoriesaremoreimportantthanhypotheses.

C）Whenahypothesisderivedfromatheoryisnotvalidated,thetheorymustbemodified.

D）Theoriesarcnotoffundamentalimportanceingeneratingnewhypotheses,exceptwhena

theoryhasbeenproven.

Answer:C

2）Whenpsychologicalresearchersarcreadytoputtheirhypothesestothetest,theyrelyon

A.intuition.B.th.scienlifi.method.

C.commo.sense.D.subjectiv.judgments.

Answer:B

3.Ther.i..jok.amon.scientist.abou..reseaiche.wh.tell.other.thah.beiong.t..secre.scientifi.society.whe

r.n.on.bu.lh.researche.wil.eve.kno.abou.th.studie.member.ar.doing.Thi.jok.i.humorou.becaus.i.viol

ates（違反.th.principle（原則.of

A.determinism.B.contro.groups.C.open-niindedness.D.publi.verifiability.

Answer:D

4..researc.assistan.wh.i.workin.i..psychologist,.plet.recor

d.o.observation.an.dat.analyses.Scedures(程序.ar.followe.i.orde.to

A)increaseobjectivity.(增大客觀(guān)性)

B)increasesubjectivity.

C)increaseobserverbias.

D)preventotherresearchersfromreplicatingastudy.

Answer:A

5)An"observerbias"is

A)an"educatedguess"aboutwhatwillhappen.

B)thedirectresultofthecontextofdiscovery.

C)thedirectresultofthecontextofjustification.

D)anerrorduetopersonalmotivesandexpectations.

Answer:D

6)Ifaresearcherdefinesvariables(變量)orconditionsintermsof(hespecific(明確的)

proceduresusedtodeterminetheirpresence,heorsheisusinga(n)definition.

A)biasedB)confoundedC)operationalD)hypothetical

Answer:C

7)Aplaceboeffect(安慰劑效應(yīng))occurswhen

A)anexperimenterfindswhatheorsheexpectedtodiscover.

B)participantshavenotbeenrandomlyassignedtoexperimentalandcontrolconditions.

C)participantschangetheirbehaviorbecauseoftheirbelief：hatatreatmenthasaneffect.

D)bothparticipantsandexperimentalassistantsarcunawareofwhichparticipantsgetwhich

(reatmeni.

Answer:C

8)Whenneitherresearchparticipantsnorresearchassistantsareawareofwhichparticipants

receivewhichtreatment,researchershaveemployeda

A.placeb.controLB.between-subject.design.

C.single-blin.contro.technique.D.double-blin.conlro.technique.(雙盲控制技術(shù))

Answer:D

9.Whe.plannin..study.yo.deiermin.tha.o.th.on.hundre.participants.fift.wil.hav.t.b.randoml.(隨便

的)

assigned.th.expcrimcnta.conditio.an.th.othc.fift.t.th.contro.condition.Th.typ.o.cxpcrimcnta.desig.y

o.ar.usin.i.know.a...design.

A)placebocontrolB)single-subjectC)within-subjectsD)between-subjccts

Answer:D

10)Whichofthefollowingistrueofthewithin-subjects(被試內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì))experimentaldesign?

A)Itisatypeofbctwccn-subjcctsdesign.

B)Therearenocomparisonconditionsinthisdesign.

C)Therearctwocxpcrimcrtalgroupsandonecontrolgroup.

D)Eachparticipantservesinallconditionsoftheexperiment.

Answer:D

Ieres(e.i.th.relationshi.beiwee.brai.damag.an.th.abilit.o.human.t.pla.thei.behavior.

Whic.typ.o.reseaic.desig.woul.b.mos.appiopriate(合適的.fb.th.researche.t.use?

A)placebocontrolB)experimentalC)correlational(相關(guān))D)within-subjects

Answer:C

12.1tnagin.tha.you.instructo.ask.yo.t.dctennin.whethe.thcr.i..relationshi.bctwee.musica.abilit.an.ma

themalica.ability.Th.typ.o.desig.bes.suile.t.thi.las.woul.b.a(n?

A.cxpcrimcnt.B.cas.study.

C.correlationa.study(相關(guān)研究).D.naturalisti.observation.

Answer:C

13)Withrespecttopsychologicalmeasurement,whendataareconsistentordependabletheyare

referredtoas,whereasthetermmeansthat(heinformationthatisproduced

accuratelymeasuresthevariableorqualitythatitisintendedtomeasure.

A)valid;reliableB)reliable(信度);valid(效度)

C)consistent;reliableD)reliableorvalid;consistent

Answer:B

14)Whichofthefollowingistrueofthewithin-subjectsexperimentaldesign?

A)Itisatypeofbctwcen-subjcctsdesign.

B)Therearenocomparisonconditionsinthisdesign.

C)Therearetwoexperimentalgroupsandonecontrolgroup.

D)Eachparticipantservesinallconditionsoftheexperiment.

Answer:D

15..teache.i.tryin.t.se.whethe.smilin.a.he.student.wil.increas.th.numbe.o.question.the.ask.I.th.firs.a

n.lhir.wee.o.th.study.th.numbe.o.question.student.as.i.recorded.Lth.secon.week.th.leache.smile.Jo.

a.hc.studcnts.an.th.numbc.o.qucstion.i.als.rccordcd.Wha.typ.o.rcsearc.dcsig.i.bcin.uscd?

A)within-subjectsB)correlationalC)placebocontrol。.安慰劑控制法)D)between-subjects

Answer:A

16)Aresearcherwhoisinterestedindocumentingtherelationshipbetweeninternal(內(nèi)部的)

psychologicalstatessuchasaperson'smotivationtosucceedandhisorherfeelingsofself-

confidencewouldmostlikelyuseameasure.

A)behavioralB)self-report(自我報(bào)告)

C)physiologicalD)naturalisticobservational

Answer:B

17.Scrcstc.i.incasurin.th.amoun.o.tim..youn.studcn.i.hc.clas.i.

ductively(有效果

&\).vcrsu.chattin.wit.classniates.l.woul.b.nios.appropriat.fo.tk.tcachc.t.us.a

A)questionnaire.(問(wèn)卷法)B)behavioralmeasure.

C..self-repor.measure.D..erview.

Answer:B

l8.Sereste.i.th.kind.o.movie.you.friend.lik.t.watch.Yo.develo..sinipl.questionnair.

tha.ask.the.abou.thei.attitude.towar.differen.fi!.genres（風(fēng)

^.an.the.yo.als.recor.whic.film.the.actuall.attend.Th.measuremen.techniqu.yo.ar.usin.i.bes.dcscri

be.as

A）self-rcponmeasures.

B）behavioralobservations.

C）naturalisticobservations.

D）acombinationofself-reportandbehavioralobservations.

Answer:D

19..clinica.psychologis.i.workin.wit.th.Federa.Burea.o.Investigation（1.（美國(guó)）聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局）

（FBI.t.develo.a.understandin.o.seria.killers.Sh.decide.t.focu.he.attentio.an.measurement.o..panic

ularl.bruta.nnirdcrc.wh.i.scrv,in..lif.scntcncc.Hc.approac.i.rcf3rre.t.a.a

A.cas.sludy.B.representativ.sample.

C.within-subject.design.D.naturalisti.observation.

Answer:A

20.1magin.tha.yo.hav.agree.t.participat.i.psychologica.iesearch.Prior（先馬僉

的.l.lh.siudy.yo.wiLrmatio.abou.wha.yo.ca.expec.an.othe.delaiLo.lh.research.an.aske.t.s

ig..for.indicating（指示.you.wiHingnes.t.participate.Tces.i.know.as

A.debriefing.B.infonne.consent.（知情批準(zhǔn)）

C.risk/gai.assessment.D.inlentiona.deceplion.

Answer:B

IITrueorFalse

1）Atheoryisdefinedasanorganizedseiofconcepts（概念）thatexplainsaphenomenonorset

ofphenomena.

Answer:TRUE

2）Inordertominimize（.把??,減至最低數(shù)量［限度］）thepotential（潛在的）forbias,researchers

mustbecertainthatnovariableinanexperimentisoperationallydefined.（不也許做至U）

Answer:FALSE

3）Inanexperiment,researchersmanipulate（純熟操作）thedependentvariable（因變量）and

measuretheindependentvariable.

Answer:FALSE

4）Adouble-blindcontrolisanexperimentaltechniqueinwhichbiasedexpectationsare

eliminatedbyonlytellingtheexperimentalassistantswhichparticipantshavereceivedwhich

treatment.

Answer:FALSE

5）Inawiihin-subjectsresearchdesign,differentgroupsofparticipantsarerandomly（隨便的）

assignedtoexperimentalconditionsortocontrolconditions.

Answer:FALSE

6）Theentire（所有）setofindividualstowhichgeneralizationswillbemadebasedonan

experimentalsampleiscalledthepopulation（總體）.

Answer:TRUE

7）Theprimarypurposeofusingcorrelationalmethodsistoestablishcauseandeffect

relationships.（因果研究才是）

Answer:FALSE

8）Iftwovariablesarecompletelyunrelatedtoeachother,theywillyieldacorrelationcoefficient

（系數(shù)）ofzero.

Answer:TRUE

9）Questionnairesandsurveysareexamplesofself-reportmeasures.

Answer:TRUE

Chapter3

1)1)Natureistonurture(教養(yǎng))asheredity(遺傳)isto

A.evolution.B.aggression.C.environment.D.natura.selection.

Answe亡C

2..prisone.i.violen.an.hostile.aIthoug.h.wasn'.alway.thi.way.Hi.therapis.believe.tha.th.environmen.t

h.prisone.wa.raise.i.brough.abou.hi.aggressiv.tendcncies.Th.:hcrapis.(tiEi^]

!Jrtj)i.espousin.th.vie.tlia.behavio.i.primaril.influence.by

A.nature.B.biology.C.nurture.D.heredity.

Answer:C

3)Inevolutionaryterms,anindividual'ssuccessismeasuredbythe

A.amoun.o.territor.on.conlrols.B.degre.o.cornfor.a.individuaattains.

C.duces.D.elligenc.a.individua.acquires.

Answer:C

4.Member.o..specie.wh.posse.th.rang.o.physica.an.psychologica.attribute.bes.adapte.t.th.environm

cn.ar.mos.likcl.t.survivc.Thi.conccp.i.know.as

A.natura.selection.B.genot)pica.structure.

C.phcnotypica.structure.D.surviva.o.th.fittest.

Answer:D

5.A.tc.th.crowdc.room.yo.catc..glimps.o.you.friend'.dar.hai.an.sli.frame.Wha.yo.ar.noticin.m

os.direct!.ar.aspecl.o.you.friend's

A.genotype.B.phenotype(1.表現(xiàn)型).

C.adaptations.D.selectiv.advantage.

Answer:B

6)Inthevocabularyofevolutionarytheory,youhaveinheritedfromyourparents.

A)agenotypeB)aphenotype

C)abehavioralrepertoryD)youroutwardappearance

Answer:A

7.Yo.ar.hastil.(l.匆忙地，倉(cāng)促

ife)jottiii.note.fo..qui.o.basi.genetics.Luckily..frien.notice.tha.yo.hav.incorrectl.wiitte.that

A)DNAcontains46chromosomes(I.【醫(yī)】同原染色體).

B)genesarelocatedonchroinosomes.

C)DNAislocatedinthenucleusofeachcell.

D)DNAcontainsinstructionsfor(heproductionofproteins.

Answer:A

8)Sexchromosomes

A)contain23pairsofgenes.

B)areidenticalformalesandfemales.

C)bringabouttheunionofaspermandanegg.

D)codethedevelopmentofmaleorfemalephysicalcharacteristics.

Answer:D

9)Inthehumanmale,thesexchromosomesnormallyconsistofa(n)pair;inthehuman

femaletheyconsistofa(n)pair.

A)XY:XXB)XX;XXC)YY;XXD)XX;YY

Answer:A

10)ThegoaloftheHumanGenomeProjcct(I.【醫(yī)】基因組(測(cè)序)計(jì)劃)isto

A)identifyallofthehumangenes.

B)verifyDarwin'stheoryofnaturalselection.

C)showresearchsupportforthemajoreventsinhumanevo.ution.

D)buildhuman-likerobotsorcyborgs.

Answer:A

1L.gir.ha.tw.olde.brother.an..stepsister。.(繼父與其前妻或繼母與其前夫所生的)姐姐.妹

妹).Yo.ca.bcs.gues.ihat

A)herbrotherswillbegeneticallyidentical.

B)shehastheexactsamegeneticmakeupasherbrothers.

C)shehasabout50%ofhergenesincommonwithherbrothers.

D)geneticallyshewillbemorelikeherstepsisterthanlikeherbrothers.

Answer:C

12.Iin.bac.i.tim.t.th.seventeent.century..Frenc.philosophe.b.th.nani.o.Descartes(l.ffi-^

爾(法國(guó)哲學(xué)家、數(shù)學(xué)家,1596-1650).pose.th.radica.ide.that

A)allanimalshavespirits.

B)thehumanbodyisan"animalmachine".

C)humansarenomoreintelligentthananimals.

D)humanactioncannotbeunderstoodbyusingscientificmeans.

Answer:B

13)Broca'sareainthebrainismostcloselyassociatedwith

A.memory.B.emotion.

C.language.D.physica.movement.

Answer:C

14)Thenervous。.神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的)systemissubdividedintotwomajordivisions:Whatarcthey?

A)somaticandautonomicB)peripheralandsomatic

C)centralandperipheralD)sympatheticandparasympathetic

Answer:C

15.Yo.ar.workin.wit..frien.tdevelo.flas.card.t.hel.yo.wit.you.stud.o.brai.structure.an.thei.functions.

You.frien.rememher.coirectl.tha.th..i.involve.primaril.i.autonomcesse.suc.a.hear.rat.a

n.breathing.an.yo.remembe.tha.th..i.involve.i.motivation.emotio.an.memcesses.

A)cerebrum(I.＜解＞大腦);cerebralcortex。.大腦皮層)B)brainstem(l.腦干);limbicsystem(I.

(大腦)邊沿系統(tǒng))

C)limbicsystem;brainstemD)cerebralcortex;brainstem

Answer:B

16)Thelimbicsystemincludesthe

A.meduHa(l.(拉丁語(yǔ)滑髓).hippocampus(2.海馬回.an.pons.B.hypothalamus.cerebrum(l〈解〉大

腦.an.cerebeUum(1.小腦).

C.hypothalamus.hippocampu.an.amygdala(1.|解］扁桃

^).D.reticula.fbrmation.amygdal.an.thalamus.

Answer:C

17)Researchonsplit-brainpatients(裂腦人)hassuggestedthat,whencomparedtotheright

hemisphere(I.半球)，(helefthemispherehasa"style"thatismore

A.globaLB.holistic.C.analyticaLD.insightful.

Answer:C

18)Inthebrain,theservesasarelaystation。.中繼站)betweentheendocrinesystem(1.

內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng))andthecentralnervoussystem(1.中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)).

A)thalamus。.丘腦)B)hippocampusC)hypothalamusD)cerebralcortex

Answer:C

IITrueorFalse

I)Yourobservablecharacteristicsareknownasyourgenotype.

Answer:FALSE

2)DNAisorganizedintounitscalledgenes.

Answer:TRUE

3)Thehumangenomecontainsaboutfourmilliongenes.

Answer:FALSE

4)Broca'sareaofthebrainismostcloselyassociatedwithemotionalbehavior.

Answer:FALSE

5)Theperipheralnervoussystem。.周邊神經(jīng)系統(tǒng))consistsofthebrain,spinalcord,andcranial

nerves。.顱神經(jīng);腦神經(jīng))ihalconnect(hebody'ssensoryreceptors(othecentralnervoussystem.

Answer:FALSE

6)Theamygdalaisthepartofthelimbicsystemthatcontrolsemotion,aggression,andthe

formationofemotionalmemory.

Answer:TRUE

7)Inmales,thetestessecretetestosterone,whichstimulatesproductionofspermandmayincrease

aggressionandsexualdesire.

Answer:TRUE

8)Interneurons(中間神經(jīng)元)arconeclassofneurons.

Answer:TRUE

9)Theall-or-nonelawstatesthatthesizeoftheactionpotential(3.電彳立)isunaffectedbyincreases

intheintensityofstimulationbeyondthethresholdlevel(閾值).

Answer:TRUE

10)During(heabsoluterefractoryperiod(l.絕對(duì)不應(yīng)期),furtherstimulation,nomatterhow

intense,cannotcauseanotheractionpotentialtobegenerated.

Answer:TRUE

Chapter4

I)Signaldetectiontheory。.信號(hào)檢測(cè)理論)suggeststhatdifferencesinabsolutethresholds

betweendifferentpeoplereflect

A)signalstrength.

B)sensoryprocesses.

C)humanjudgment.

D)absolutethresholds.

Answer:C

2)Thevisualcortexislocatedwithinthe

A)cerebellum.

B)parietallobe.

C)frontallobe.

D)occipilallobe(l.枕葉).

Answer:D

3)Theofsoundallowsustodistinguishaguitarnotefromasaxophonenote.

A)timbre(l.音色;音品)

B)kinesthetics

C)harmonics

D)auditorydiffusion

Answer:A

4)Theprocessofisresponsiblefortheconversionofphysicalenergytoneural

impulses.

A)transduction。.換能).

B)plasticity.

C)absolutethreshold.

D)psychophysics.

Answer:A

5)Nerveimpulsesthatcarryinformationtravelalongtospecializedprocessingareasin

(hebrain.

A)vestibularcanals

B)nerveendings

C)sensorypathways(感覺(jué)通路)

D)olfactoryepithelium

Answer:C

6)Loudnessisdeterminedbysound

A)pitch.

B)quality.

C)amplitude(振幅).

D)frequency.

Answer:C

7)Theeyeshavetwodistincttypesofphotoreceptors。.光感受器，感光器):therods,whichwhich

detect.andtheccnes(1.(人眼)圓錐細(xì)胞)，whichdetect.

A)lowintensitylight;wavelengthscorrespondingtocolors

B)motion;shape

C)brightlight;dimlight

D)stimuliinconsciousness;unconsciousstimuli

Answer:A

8)Whichonereferstotheleastamountofstimulation【hatyourperceptualsystem(感知系統(tǒng))

candetectabouthalfofthetime?

A)ThestimulusthresholdB)Thedifferencethreshold

C)TheabsolutethresholdD)Theactionpotential

Answer:C

9)Differentsensesgiveusdifferentsensationsmainlybecause

A)Theyinvolvedifferentstimuli.

B)Theyactivatedifferentsensoryregions。.【醫(yī)】感覺(jué)區(qū)，頂潁區(qū))ofthebrain.

C)Theyhavedifferentintensities.

D)Wehavedifferentmemoriesassociatedwiththem.

Answer:B

10)Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofthekindofinformationthattop-downprocessing

contributestoperception?

A)Lookingforafriend'sftccinthecrowd

B)Having(owailforyoureyestoadjusttothedarkinatheatre

C)Hearingapainfullyloudnoise

D)Feelingapinprick

Answer:A

IITrueorFalse

1)GustavFechnercoined:hetermpsychophysics,whichreferstothestudyoftherelationship

betweentheintensityofaphysicalstimulusandthemagnitudeofanindividual'ssensory

experience.

Answer:TRUE

2)Thetransformationofoneformofenergy,suchaslight,toanotherform,suchasneural

impulses,iscalledsensoryadaptation.

Answer:FALSE

3)Theabsolutethresholdisoperationallydefinedasthestimuluslevelatwhichasensorysignalis

delected100%of(hetime.

Answer:FALSE

4)Inasignaldetectionstudy,anobserverwhoisayeasayerwillgiveahighnumberofhitsbut

willalsohaveahighnumberoffalsealarms.

Answer:TRUE

5)DavidHubeiandTorstenWieselwonaNobelPrizefortheirstudiesofreceptivefieldsofcells

inthevisualcortex.

Answer:TRUE

6)Theloudnessofasoundisdependentprimarilyonthefrequencyofthesoundwave.

Answer:FALSE

7)Transductionreferstothsprocessofconvertingneuralimpulsesintopsychologicalenergythat

thebraincanprocess.

Answer:FALSE

8)Bottom-upprocessing。.自下而上力口工)referstoperceptualanalysisinwhichinfbnraiion

fromanindividual'spastexperience,knowledge,expectations,motivations,andbackground

influencethewayaperceivedobjectisinterpretedandclassified.

Answer:FALSE

9)Theprincipleofrelativesizestatesthatobjectsofthesamesizebutdifferentdistances

projectthesamesizeimagesontheretina.

Answer:FALSE

10)Whenyourexpectationsaffectperceptionstheprocessiscalledbottom-upprocessing.

Answer:FALSE

Chapter5

1)PsychologyisbestdefinedasthescientificstudyofD

A)themindandconsciousness.

B)thementalprocessesofindividuals.

C)mentaldisordersandabnormalbehavior.

D)thebehaviorofindividualsand(heirmentalprocesses.

2.Th.firs.las.i.psycholog.i.t.mak.accurat.observation.abou.behavior.Thi.mean.tha.psychologist.mus

.firs.D___.behavior.

A)predictB)explainC)controlD)describe

3)Whendrawingconclusionsaboutbehavior,psychologistsrelyonC

A.thei.ow.persona.beliefs.B.wha.i.know.a."commo.sense."

C.rmation.D.thci.cvcryda.obscrvation.o.pcoplc.

4.I.ordc.t.invcstigat.bchavior.rcscarchcr.ma.us.diffcrcn.lcvcl.o.analysis.Whic.o.th.followin.rescarc.

queslion.exemplifie.th.broa(lesl.mos.globa.leve.o.analysis?A

A)Whataretheoriginsofprejudice?

B)Aretheregenderdifferencesinprejudice?

C)Aretheredifferencesinhowvariousracialgroupsexpressprejudice?

D)Whatistheroleofearlychildhoodexperiencesintheformationofprejudice?

5)In1908,HermannEbbinghauswrotethat"Psychologyhasalongpast,butonlyashort

history,"WhichstatementbestcapturestheideathatEbbinghauswasexpressing?C

A)Psychologists,likephilosophers,havedifficultylearningfromtheirmistakes.

B)Questionsabouthumannaturehaveexistedforalong(ime,butonlyrecentlyhavethemethods

necessarytoanswerthembeendeveloped.

C)Thefieldofpsychologyhasexistedforalongtime,butonlyrecentlyhavescholarsbegunto

recordtheaccomplishmentsoftheprofession.

D)Althoughpsychologistshavebeendoinglaboratoryresearchforhundredsofyears,littleof

substancehasbeendiscoveredabouthumannature.

6)Whichstatementmostcloselycharacterizesthecurrent(l.現(xiàn)在的.現(xiàn)行的)viewofmost

psychologiststowardthestudyofbehavior?A

A)Psychologistsborrowandblendfromdifferentperspectives.

B)Psychologiststendtoagreethatthemostproductiveapproachisthebiologicalperspective.

C)Psychologiststaketheapproachthatcomplexbehaviorcanbereduced(opatternsofsimple

behavior.

D)Althoughpsychologistsdifferintheirbasicapproach,allagreeonthequestionstobeasked

andhowtheyshouldbestudied.

7)Apsychologistwhoexplainsarapist'sbehaviorintermscftherapist'sdisplacedhostility

towardhismotherismostlikelytoprefertheCperspective.

A)cognitiveB)humanisticC)evolutionaryD)psychodynamic

8)PsychologistswhotakethebehavioristapproachseektoB

A)illustratetheinnategoodnessofhumans.

B)understandhowenvironmentalstimulicontrolbehavior.

C)validatetheimportanceofthoughtprocessesinhumanbehavior.

D)demonstratetheimportanceofunresolvedconflictsandinnerforces.

9..tcachc.want.t.sc.whcthe.smilin.a.childrc.i.the.rais.thci.hand.whc.sh.ask..qucstio.incrcasc.th.likcli

hoo.tha.childre.wil.voluntee.answers.Fro.th.behavioris.perspective.th.antecedent

environmentalconditionisandtheconsequenceis.

A)smiling,laisingufliandB)laisingofhand,biniliiig

C)askingaquestion;smilingD)raisingofhand:askingaquestion

10)Thehumanisticperspectiveinpsychologygivesgreaterweightandimportanceto

A)thecapacityofhumanstomakechoices.

B)breakingdowncomplexbehaviorintoelementaryunitsofbehavior.

C)howenvironmentalforcescometocontroltheindividual'sbehavior.

D)thepowerfulinstinctualtendenciesthatdominatepeople'sactions.

IITrueorFalse

1)Psychologistsaretrainedtodescribebehaviorfromtheirownsubjectivepointofview,making

suretoincludetheirownbiasesandexpectationsin(heirobservations.

2)Withrespecttothegoalsofpsychology,descriptionsmuststicktoperceivableinformation,

whereasexplanationsdeliberatelygobeyondwhatcanbeobserved.

3)Psychologistsbelievethatbehaviorshouldonlybestudiedinacontrolledresearchlaboratory.

4.I.I879.B.F.Skinne.founde.th.firs.fbrma.laborator.devote.t.experimenla.psychology.

5)InFreud'sview,humannatureisnotalwaysrational,andbehaviormaybedrivenbymotives

thatarenotinconsciousawareness.

6)According(othehumanisticperspective,peoplearedrivenbypowerful,instinctiveforces,

manipulatedbytheirenvironments,andareincapableofmakingchoicesanddecisionsconcerning

theirlives.

7)Intheviewofpsychologistswhofollowthecognitiveperspective,behavioriscompletely

determinedbyprecedingenvironmentaleventsandpastbehavioralconsequences.

8)Simplystated,theideabehindnaturalselectionis(hatorganismsthatarebettersuitedtotheir

environmentstendtoproduceoffspringmoresuccessfullythanthoseorganismswithpoorer

adaptations.

9)Brainimagingtechniqueshaveledtodramaticbreakthroughsinthefieldofcognitive

neuroscience.

10)Clinicalpsychologistsapplytheinsightsofresearchers,butarenottrainedtodoresearch

themselves.

Chapter6

1)Inhisclassictextwrittenin1892,