專題10巧用虛擬語氣寫作指導(dǎo)識寫作指導(dǎo)識核心概念：什么是虛擬語氣？為什么用它？虛擬語氣是一種動(dòng)詞形式，用來表示說話人所說的不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而只是一種假設(shè)、愿望、建議或推測?！け磉_(dá)復(fù)雜思想：讓你能夠談?wù)摗叭绻瓡?huì)怎樣”的情景，拓展寫作的深度和廣度。·體現(xiàn)語言功底：正確使用虛擬語氣是英語水平高的標(biāo)志之一。·增強(qiáng)情感色彩：在表達(dá)愿望、建議或遺憾時(shí)，比直陳語氣更具感染力?！ぶ标愓Z氣：Idon'thaveacar,soItakethebustowork.(陳述事實(shí))·虛擬語氣：IfIhadacar,Iwoulddrivetowork.(假設(shè)一個(gè)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況)第二句話立刻讓你的表達(dá)有了“層次感”。1.If條件句中的虛擬語氣與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式(be動(dòng)詞用were)主語+would/could/might/should+動(dòng)詞原形假設(shè)現(xiàn)在的情況，但事實(shí)并非如此·結(jié)構(gòu)：IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyharder.·解讀：事實(shí)是“我不是你”，所以“更加努力學(xué)習(xí)”這個(gè)建議是基于一個(gè)不存在的假設(shè)。·寫作運(yùn)用：提出建議、表達(dá)愿望?！fIhadmoretime,Icouldreadmorebooks.(事實(shí)：我現(xiàn)在沒有更多時(shí)間。)·Ifhewerehere,hemighthelpus.(事實(shí)：他現(xiàn)在不在這里。)與過去事實(shí)相反If+主語+had+過去分詞主語+would/could/might/should+have+過去分詞假設(shè)過去的情況，但事實(shí)并非如此·結(jié)構(gòu)：Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavemadesuchamistake.·解讀：事實(shí)是“你當(dāng)時(shí)沒有聽我的建議”，并且“你已經(jīng)犯了那個(gè)錯(cuò)誤”。表達(dá)一種遺憾或責(zé)備?！懽鬟\(yùn)用：反思過去、表達(dá)后悔或總結(jié)教訓(xùn)。·IfIhadworkedharder,Iwouldhavepassedtheexam.(事實(shí)：我過去沒努力，考試沒及格。)·Shewouldhavecometothepartyifshehadnotbeensick.(事實(shí)：她當(dāng)時(shí)生病了，所以沒來。)與將來事實(shí)相反If+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式或wereto+動(dòng)原或should+動(dòng)原主語+would/could/might/should+動(dòng)詞原形假設(shè)將來不太可能發(fā)生的情況·結(jié)構(gòu)：Ifitrainedtomorrow,thepicnicwouldbecanceled.·解讀：說話人認(rèn)為“明天下雨”的可能性很小，但萬一發(fā)生了，野餐就會(huì)被取消。·寫作運(yùn)用：推測未來極小可能發(fā)生的事。·IfIweretobecomeamillionaire,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.(成為百萬富翁的可能性極小。)·Ifheshouldcomelate,whatwouldwedo?(他遲到的可能性不大。)2.賓語從句中的虛擬語氣·A.表示“命令、建議、要求”的動(dòng)詞后：這些動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中，謂語用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”，should?？墒÷?。·常見動(dòng)詞：suggest,advise,propose,recommend(建議);insist,demand,require,request,ask(要求);order,command(命令)。·例句：·Isuggestthathe(should)gotoseeadoctor.(我建議他去看醫(yī)生。)·Theteacherdemandedthatallstudents(should)beontime.(老師要求所有學(xué)生準(zhǔn)時(shí)。)·Theyinsistedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.(他們堅(jiān)持會(huì)議應(yīng)推遲。)·B.動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語從句：表示一種無法實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望?！ΜF(xiàn)在的愿望：從句謂語用過去式(be動(dòng)詞用were)?！wishIwereabird.(我真希望我是只鳥。)·IwishIknewtheanswer.(我真希望我知道答案。)·對過去的愿望：從句謂語用“had+過去分詞”或“couldhave+過去分詞”?！wishIhadworkedharderinhighschool.(我真希望高中時(shí)更努力一些。)(事實(shí)：過去沒有努力)·Hewisheshecouldhaveattendedtheconcert.(他希望自己當(dāng)時(shí)能去聽那場音樂會(huì)。)·對將來的愿望：從句謂語用“would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”?！wishitwouldstoprainingtomorrow.(但愿明天雨會(huì)停。)(表示一種期盼)3.主語從句中的虛擬語氣·結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis+形容詞/過去分詞+that...(should)+動(dòng)詞原形·常見詞：·形容詞：important,necessary,natural,strange,essential,vital·過去分詞：suggested,demanded,requested,advised,required·例句：·Itisimportantthatwe(should)protecttheenvironment.(保護(hù)環(huán)境很重要。)·Itwassuggestedthatacommittee(should)besetup.(有人建議成立一個(gè)委員會(huì)。)4.狀語從句中的虛擬語氣·asif/asthough(好像，仿佛)：從句謂語形式與wish后的賓語從句相同?！etalksasifhekneweverything.(他說話的樣子好像他什么都知道。)(事實(shí)：他并不知道)·Shelookedasthoughshehadseenaghost.(她看起來像是見了鬼一樣。)(事實(shí)：過去沒見鬼)·inorderthat/sothat(為了，以便)：從句謂語常用“could/might/should+動(dòng)詞原形”?！egotupearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.專項(xiàng)練習(xí)練專項(xiàng)練習(xí)練一、單句語法填空30題1.IfI______(have)timetomorrow,Iwouldgototheconcertwithyou.2.Shesuggestedthatwe______(start)earlytoavoidtrafficjams.3.Ifhe______(study)harder,hewouldhavepassedtheexamlastterm.4.It’stimewe______(take)actiontoprotecttheenvironment.5.IwishI______(know)theanswertothisquestionnow.6.IfI______(be)you,Iwouldacceptthejoboffer.7.Theteacherdemandedthatallhomework______(hand)inbeforeclass.8.Withoutyourhelp,I______(notfinish)thetasksoquickly.9.IwishI______(visit)PariswhenIwasinEuropelastyear.10.Ifit______(notrain)tomorrow,wewouldhaveapicnicinthepark.11.It’snecessarythatshe______(attend)themeetinginperson.12.Hetalkedasifhe______(see)theaccidentwithhisowneyes.13.Ifyou______(call)meearlier,Iwouldhavepickedyouupatthestation.14.I’dratheryou______(notsmoke)intheroom.15.It’sstrangethathe______(refuse)suchagoodopportunity.16.Ifonlywe______(have)moretimetoprepareforthecompetition.17.Sheinsistedthatshe______(be)innocentandshouldbesetfree.18.Iftheweather______(be)betteryesterday,wewouldhavegonehiking.19.Iwishmyparents______(understand)mychoicesinthefuture.20.Thedoctoradvisedthathe______(giveup)drinkingandsmoking.21.Ifwe______(invest)inthisproject,wemightmakeabigprofit.22.It’shightimethatthegovernment______(solve)thehousingproblem.23.Heactedasthoughhe______(be)thebossofthecompany.24.Withoutairandwater,humanbeings______(notsurvive)onEarth.25.I’dratheryou______(come)tomorrowinsteadoftoday.26.IfI______(learn)EnglishwhenIwasachild,Iwouldspeakitfluentlynow.27.Thecommitteerecommendedthattheplan______(revise)beforeimplementation.28.IwishI______(notmake)somanymistakesinthelastexam.29.Ifit______(snow)heavilytonight,theschoolwillbeclosedtomorrow.（提示：混合虛擬）30.It’simportantthateveryone______(obey)thetrafficrules.二、長句翻譯20題1.如果我有足夠的錢，我會(huì)環(huán)游世界。2.她要求我們在周末前完成所有工作。3.要是昨天我沒錯(cuò)過那班車，就不會(huì)遲到了。4.真希望我能說一口流利的法語。5.醫(yī)生建議他臥床休息至少一周。6.如果當(dāng)初他接受了我的建議，現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)陷入困境了。7.是時(shí)候我們認(rèn)真對待這個(gè)問題了。8.沒有你的支持，我不可能取得這么大的進(jìn)步。9.他談起那個(gè)城市，就好像他曾經(jīng)住過那里一樣。10.我寧愿你不要把這個(gè)秘密告訴任何人。11.要是明天天氣好，我們就去爬山。12.奇怪的是，他竟然拒絕了如此真誠的邀請。13.如果你能幫我一把，我會(huì)非常感激。14.我希望我昨天能參加你的生日派對。15.委員會(huì)提議這個(gè)項(xiàng)目應(yīng)該延期執(zhí)行。16.要是人類能與自然和諧共處，地球會(huì)變得更美好。17.她堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為自己沒有做錯(cuò)任何事，不應(yīng)該受到懲罰。18.真希望時(shí)間能倒流，讓我重新做一次選擇。19.如果當(dāng)初我們早點(diǎn)出發(fā)，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)到達(dá)目的地了。20.重要的是，每個(gè)學(xué)生都應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣。答案：一、單句語法填空30題1.had（非真實(shí)條件句，對現(xiàn)在/將來虛擬，從句用過去式）2.(should)start（suggest表“建議”，賓語從句用虛擬語氣：should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可省）3.hadstudied（非真實(shí)條件句，對過去虛擬，從句用過去完成時(shí)）4.took/shouldtake（It’stimethat...句型，從句用過去式或should+動(dòng)詞原形）5.knew（wish從句，對現(xiàn)在虛擬，用過去式）6.were（非真實(shí)條件句，對現(xiàn)在虛擬，be動(dòng)詞統(tǒng)一用were）7.(should)behanded（demand表“要求”，賓語從句用虛擬語氣，被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)為shouldbe+過去分詞）8.wouldn’thavefinished（without表含蓄虛擬，對應(yīng)對過去的虛擬，主句用wouldn’thave+過去分詞）9.hadvisited（wish從句，對過去虛擬，用過去完成時(shí)）10.didn’train/shouldn’train/werenottorain（非真實(shí)條件句，對將來虛擬，從句用過去式/should+動(dòng)詞原形/wereto+動(dòng)詞原形）11.(should)attend（It’snecessarythat...句型，從句用虛擬語氣：should+動(dòng)詞原形）12.hadseen（asif從句，表與過去事實(shí)相反，用過去完成時(shí)）13.hadcalled（非真實(shí)條件句，對過去虛擬，從句用過去完成時(shí)）14.didn’tsmoke（wouldrather后接從句，對現(xiàn)在/將來虛擬，用過去式）15.(should)refuse（It’sstrangethat...句型，從句用虛擬語氣：should+動(dòng)詞原形）16.had（Ifonly表“要是……就好了”，對現(xiàn)在虛擬，用過去式）17.was（insist表“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為（事實(shí)）”，不用虛擬，用陳述語氣；若表“堅(jiān)持要求”則用虛擬）18.hadbeen（非真實(shí)條件句，對過去虛擬，從句用過去完成時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞用hadbeen）19.wouldunderstand（wish從句，對將來虛擬，用would+動(dòng)詞原形）20.(should)giveup（advise表“建議”，賓語從句用虛擬語氣：should+動(dòng)詞原形）21.invested（非真實(shí)條件句，對現(xiàn)在/將來虛擬，從句用過去式）22.solved/shouldsolve（It’shightimethat...句型，從句用過去式或should+動(dòng)詞原形）23.were（asthough從句，表與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，be動(dòng)詞用were）24.couldn’tsurvive（without表含蓄虛擬，對應(yīng)對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，主句用couldn’t+動(dòng)詞原形）25.came（wouldrather后接從句，對將來虛擬，用過去式）26.hadlearned（混合虛擬條件句，從句對過去虛擬用過去完成時(shí)，主句對現(xiàn)在虛擬用would+動(dòng)詞原形）27.(should)berevised（recommend表“推薦”，賓語從句用虛擬語氣，被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)為shouldbe+過去分詞）28.hadn’tmade（wish從句，對過去虛擬，用過去完成時(shí)的否定式）29.snows（混合虛擬：從句對將來的真實(shí)假設(shè)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句對將來的虛擬用will+動(dòng)詞原形，提示“混合虛擬”為干擾，此處從句是真實(shí)條件）30.(should)obey（It’simportantthat...句型，從句用虛擬語氣：should+動(dòng)詞原形）二、長句翻譯20題1.IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.（非真實(shí)條件句，對現(xiàn)在虛擬）2.Shedemandedthatwe(should)finishalltheworkbeforetheweekend.（demand表“要求”，賓語從句虛擬語氣）3.IfIhadn’tmissedthatbusyesterday,Iwouldn’thavebeenlate.（非真實(shí)條件句，對過去虛擬）4.IwishIcouldspeakfluentFrench.（wish從句，對現(xiàn)在虛擬）5.Thedoctoradvisedthathe(should)stayinbedforatleastaweek.（advise表“建議”，賓語從句虛擬語氣）6.Ifhehadtakenmyadviceatthattime,hewouldn’tbeintroublenow.（混合虛擬：從句對過去，主句對現(xiàn)在）7.It’stimethatwe(should)takethisproblemseriously.（It’stimethat...句型虛擬語氣）8.Withoutyoursupport,Icouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogress.（without含蓄虛擬，對過去虛擬）9.Hetalkedaboutthatcityasifhehadlivedtherebefore.（asif從句，對過去虛擬）10.I’dratheryoudidn’ttellanyonethissecret.（wouldrather后接從句，對現(xiàn)在虛擬）11.Iftheweatherwerefinetomorrow,wew