2025年生態(tài)英文面試題庫答案

一、單項選擇題（總共10題，每題2分）1.Whatistheprimarycauseofbiodiversityloss?A.HabitatdestructionB.PollutionC.ClimatechangeD.OverexploitationAnswer:A2.Whichofthefollowingisakeyindicatorofecosystemhealth?A.HighpopulationdensityofinvasivespeciesB.LowspeciesdiversityC.BalancednutrientcyclingD.HighlevelsofpollutantsAnswer:C3.Whatisthetermfortheprocessbywhichcarbonistransferredfromtheatmospheretotheocean?A.CarbonsequestrationB.PhotosynthesisC.RespirationD.DecompositionAnswer:A4.Whichecosystemisknownforitshighbiodiversityandplaysacrucialroleincarbonstorage?A.DesertsB.TundraC.TropicalrainforestsD.GrasslandsAnswer:C5.Whatisthemainpurposeofawetland?A.ToprovidehabitatforwildlifeB.TogenerateelectricityC.ToextractoilD.TocultivatecropsAnswer:A6.Whichofthefollowingisamajorthreattocoralreefs?A.OverfishingB.ClimatechangeC.TourismdevelopmentD.AlloftheaboveAnswer:D7.Whatisthetermfortheprocessbywhichplantsconvertlightenergyintochemicalenergy?A.PhotosynthesisB.RespirationC.FermentationD.NitrogenfixationAnswer:A8.Whichofthefollowingisakeycomponentofsustainableagriculture?A.HighuseofchemicalfertilizersB.MonoculturefarmingC.CroprotationandorganicfertilizersD.Large-scaledeforestationAnswer:C9.Whatisthetermforthenaturalprocessbywhichcarbonisstoredinsoil?A.CarbonoffsettingB.CarbonsequestrationC.CarbontradingD.CarbonfootprintAnswer:B10.Whichofthefollowingisaprimarygoalofecosystemrestoration?A.ToincreaseeconomicdevelopmentB.ToenhancebiodiversityC.ToreducepopulationgrowthD.TopromoteindustrializationAnswer:B二、填空題（總共10題，每題2分）1.Theprocessbywhichplantsusesunlighttoproducefoodiscalled_______.Answer:Photosynthesis2.Thetermforthevarietyoflifeinagivenareais_______.Answer:Biodiversity3.Thenaturalprocessbywhichcarbonistransferredfromtheatmospheretotheoceanisknownas_______.Answer:Carbonsequestration4.Thetermforthebalancebetweenthenumberofbirthsanddeathsinapopulationis_______.Answer:Populationequilibrium5.Thetermforthestudyofecosystemsandtheirinteractionswiththeenvironmentis_______.Answer:Ecology6.Theprocessbywhichdeadorganicmatterisbrokendownintosimplersubstancesiscalled_______.Answer:Decomposition7.Thetermfortheuseofnaturalresourcesinawaythatmeetscurrentneedswithoutcompromisingfuturegenerationsis_______.Answer:Sustainability8.Thetermforthenaturalprocessbywhichcarbonisstoredinsoilis_______.Answer:Carbonsequestration9.Thetermforthepracticeofcultivatingmultiplecropsinthesameareainarotatingpatternis_______.Answer:Croprotation10.Thetermforthenaturalprocessbywhichecosystemsrecoverfromdisturbancesis_______.Answer:Ecosystemrestoration三、判斷題（總共10題，每題2分）1.Habitatdestructionisamajorcauseofbiodiversityloss.(True)2.Climatechangehasnoimpactonecosystemhealth.(False)3.Photosynthesisistheprocessbywhichplantsreleaseoxygenintotheatmosphere.(True)4.Invasivespeciescanenhancebiodiversityinanecosystem.(False)5.Wetlandsareimportantforwaterpurificationandfloodcontrol.(True)6.Coralreefsareprimarilythreatenedbypollutionandclimatechange.(True)7.Sustainableagricultureinvolvestheextensiveuseofchemicalfertilizers.(False)8.Ecosystemrestorationaimstoreturnecosystemstotheiroriginalstate.(True)9.Carbonoffsettingisamethodtoreducecarbonemissionsbyinvestingincarbonreductionprojects.(True)10.Populationequilibriumisanaturalstatewherebirthratesequaldeathrates.(True)四、簡答題（總共4題，每題5分）1.Describetheroleofwetlandsinmaintainingecosystemhealth.Answer:Wetlandsplayacrucialroleinmaintainingecosystemhealthbyprovidinghabitatforavarietyofspecies,purifyingwaterthroughnaturalfiltration,andhelpingtocontrolfloodingbyabsorbingexcesswater.Theyalsocontributetocarbonstorage,whichhelpsmitigateclimatechange.2.Explaintheconceptofcarbonsequestrationanditsimportanceinaddressingclimatechange.Answer:Carbonsequestrationistheprocessofcapturingandstoringcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphereinnaturalorartificialreservoirs.Thisprocessisimportantinaddressingclimatechangebecauseithelpsreducetheconcentrationofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere,therebymitigatingglobalwarming.Ecosystemslikeforests,wetlands,andsoilsareeffectivenaturalcarbonsinks.3.Discusstheimpactofinvasivespeciesonbiodiversity.Answer:Invasivespeciescanhaveasignificantimpactonbiodiversitybyoutcompetingnativespeciesforresources,preyingonnativespecies,andalteringthestructureandfunctionofecosystems.Thiscanleadtoadeclineinnativespeciespopulations,reducedgeneticdiversity,andalossofecosystemresilience.4.Explaintheprinciplesofsustainableagricultureanditsbenefits.Answer:Sustainableagricultureinvolvespracticesthatmaintainorimprovetheproductivityandprofitabilityoffarmingwhileprotectingtheenvironmentandensuringsocialequity.Keyprinciplesincludecroprotation,organicfertilization,integratedpestmanagement,andconservationtillage.Benefitsincludereducedsoilerosion,improvedsoilhealth,enhancedbiodiversity,andreducedrelianceonchemicalinputs.五、討論題（總共4題，每題5分）1.Discusstheroleofindividualactionsinpromotingenvironmentalsustainability.Answer:Individualactionsplayacrucialroleinpromotingenvironmentalsustainabilitybyreducingpersonalcarbonfootprints,conservingresources,andmakingeco-friendlychoices.Simpleactionssuchasreducingenergyconsumption,usingpublictransportation,recycling,andsupportingsustainableproductscancollectivelymakeasignificantimpactonenvironmentalconservation.2.Discussthechallengesandopportunitiesofecosystemrestoration.Answer:Challengesofecosystemrestorationincludethecomplexityofrestoringdegradedecosystems,theneedforlong-termcommitmentandfunding,andthepotentialforintroducedspeciestobecomeinvasive.Opportunitiesincludetherecoveryofbiodiversity,improvedecosystemservices,andthepotentialforcarbonsequestration.Successfulrestorationcanenhanceecosystemresilienceandprovidenumerousenvironmentalandeconomicbenefits.3.Discusstheimpactofclimatechangeoncoralreefsandpotentialmitigationstrategies.Answer:Climatechangeposesasignificantthreattocoralreefsthroughrisingseatemperatures,oceanacidification,andincreasedstormintensity.Thesefactorscanleadtocoralbleaching,reducedreproductivesuccess,andhabitatdegradation.Mitigationstrategiesincludereducinggreenhousegasemissions,protectingandrestoringcoralreefs,andimplementingsustainablecoastalmanagementpracticestominimizeadditionalstressors.4.Discusstheimportanceofbiodiversityinmaintainingecosystemstabilityandresilience.Answer:Biodiversityisessentialformaintainingecosystemstabilityandresiliencebyprovidingavarietyofspeciesthatcanperformdifferentecologicalfunctions.Highbiodiversityenhancesecosystemproductivity,reducestheriskofspeciesextinction,andimprovestheabilityofecosystemstowithstandandrecoverfromdisturbances.Protectingbiodiversityiscrucialforensuringthelong-termhealthandsustainabilityofecosystems.答案和解析一、單項選擇題1.A2.C3.A4.C5.A6.D7.A8.C9.B10.B二、填空題1.Photosynthesis2.Biodiversity3.Carbonsequestration4.Populationequilibrium5.Ecology6.Decomposition7.Sustainability8.Carbonsequestration9.Croprotation10.Ecosystemrestoration三、判斷題1.True2.False3.True4.False5.True6.True7.False8.True9.True10.True四、簡答題1.Wetlandsplayacrucialroleinmaintainingecosystemhealthbyprovidinghabitatforavarietyofspecies,purifyingwaterthroughnaturalfiltration,andhelpingtocontrolfloodingbyabsorbingexcesswater.Theyalsocontributetocarbonstorage,whichhelpsmitigateclimatechange.2.Carbonsequestrationistheprocessofcapturingandstoringcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphereinnaturalorartificialreservoirs.Thisprocessisimportantinaddressingclimatechangebecauseithelpsreducetheconcentrationofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere,therebymitigatingglobalwarming.Ecosystemslikeforests,wetlands,andsoilsareeffectivenaturalcarbonsinks.3.Invasivespeciescanhaveasignificantimpactonbiodiversitybyoutcompetingnativespeciesforresources,preyingonnativespecies,andalteringthestructureandfunctionofecosystems.Thiscanleadtoadeclineinnativespeciespopulations,reducedgeneticdiversity,andalossofecosystemresilience.4.Sustainableagricultureinvolvespracticesthatmaintainorimprovetheproductivityandprofitabilityoffarmingwhileprotectingtheenvironmentandensuringsocialequity.Keyprinciplesincludecroprotation,organicfertilization,integratedpestmanagement,andconservationtillage.Benefitsincludereducedsoilerosion,improvedsoilhealth,enhancedbiodiversity,andreducedrelianceonchemicalinputs.五、討論題1.Individualactionsplayacrucialroleinpromotingenvironmentalsustainabilitybyreducingpersonalcarbonfootprints,conservingresources,andmakingeco-friendlychoices.Simpleactionssuchasreducingenergyconsumption,usingpublictransportation,recycling,andsupportingsustainableproductscancollectivelymakeasignificantimpactonenvironmentalconservation.2.Challengesofecosystemrestorationincludethecomplexityofrestoringdegradedecosystems,theneedforlong-termcommitmentandfunding,andthepotentialforintroducedspeciestobecomeinv