主語從句的幾大問題

1.語序？陳述語序：Who

will

gototheconcertisnotknown.Whethertheywillcooperatewithusisstillunknown.2.位置？（1）句首：Thatshesurvivedtheaccidentisamiracle.（2）句末：用形式主語it代替Itisamiraclethatshesurvivedtheaccident3.引導(dǎo)詞：和其他的名詞性從句大同小異（1）that(不作成分；無詞義；陳述事實(shí)，不含疑問;不能省略。)Thatshesurvivedtheaccidentisamiracle.（2）whether(不作成分；有詞義；含有疑問“是否”；不能省略)；if必須有條件作為表“是否”引導(dǎo)詞使用（前面用先行詞it代替，將if從句放在后面）。Whether

they

will

cooperate

with

us

is

still

unknown.Itisunclearwhether/ifhelikesthepresent.應(yīng)試法則：表“是否”時都用whether。注意：if還可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，表“如果”而whether不行。（3）疑問引導(dǎo)詞

A.who(m)/what/which;

B.when/how/where/why;

C.whoever/whatever/whicheverWho/what的區(qū)別：who指人what指事物

相同點(diǎn)：作主語、賓語；what、which還可作定語Whowillgototheconcertisnotknown.主語Who(m)youinvitedsurprisedme.賓語WhatmadehersadwasthatshefailedtheEnglishexam.主語Whatweneedmostarepopularsciencebooks.賓語Whatcausedtheexplosionremainsamystery.含疑問Whatrolehewillplayinthefilmhasn’tbeenknown.定語Whosebookthisisremainsamystery.定語A.連接代詞Who/what/which、whose要作成分；有詞義；含有疑問（注意：what表“所…的”時候沒有疑問”如：Whatshesaid/knew/did…is….）；不能省略What和which作定語的區(qū)別：

先看以下兩個句子：

Whatbookdoyoulike?(不限定具體書籍，無預(yù)設(shè)范圍，詢問未知事物或泛指類別。)

Whichbookdoyouprefer,thisoneorthatone?(在指定書籍間選擇)

練習(xí)：

1.______rolehewillplayinthefilmhasn’tbeenknown.

2.______designisthebestmustbetriedinpractice.

分析：第1題中沒有明確的范圍，屬泛指類別，應(yīng)填What;

第二句中有“thebest”表明是在具體的幾個中進(jìn)行比較、選擇，應(yīng)填Which.

Whose作定語表示“誰的”Whose

fault

it

was

became

clear

after

the

investigation.B.when/how/where/why作狀語的區(qū)別：分別作時間、方式、地點(diǎn)、原因狀語

解題策略：分析從句的句意找出所差的信息，然后選用相應(yīng)的引導(dǎo)詞。1.______Johnwaslatefortheclasshasbeenunexplained.2.______itwasdonewasamystery.3.______thepartywillbeheldhasnotbeendecided.解析：第1題根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該得出本空應(yīng)該表達(dá)遲到的“原因”，所以填Why;第2題可以分析出句中差這件事做的方式、時間、地點(diǎn)，所以可填How/When/Where；第3題需要的意義是時間和地點(diǎn)，所以可填Where/When。C.whoever/whatever/whichever作成分；有詞義；不含疑問；不能省略；翻譯為“無論誰、什么、哪一個（些）；任何的事物、人…”

Whoever=anyonewho;whichever=anyone/anythingthatWhatever=anythingthatwhat=thething(s)thathow=thewayinwhichwhy=thereasonwhyWhere=theplacewherewhen=thetimewhen4.主謂一致(1)主語從句作主語時，主句的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。What引導(dǎo)主語從句時，有時主句謂語動詞應(yīng)與主句中作表語的名詞保持一致。Whatheneedsmostismoney.Whattheschoolneedsmostarebooks.(2)如果由and連接兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；由兩個或多個連接詞引導(dǎo)一個主語從句時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Whentheywillstartandwheretheywillgohavenotbeendecidedyet.Whenandwheretheywillholdthemeetingisnotclear.解題策略：分析判斷原句是否差成分，1.不差的話就考慮that或whether，再看差不差“是否”意義，不差就填that，差就填whether；2.差成分的話，就要繼續(xù)思考差什么成分，差主語、賓語就考慮who、what、which；差定語考慮用what、which、whose；差狀語就考慮when、where、why、how；3.如果既差成分作主語、賓語又需要表達(dá)無論、不管的意義就考慮whoever、whatever、whichever。練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空1._________shesurvivedtheaccidentisamiracle.2._________teamwillwinthematchisstillunknown.3._________comestothepartywillreceiveapresent.4._________(ofyou)comesinfirstwillreceiveaprize.5._________itwasdonewasamystery.ThatWhichWhoeverWhicheverHow/When/Where6._________thepartywillbeheldhasnotyetbeendecided.7._________priceswillgoupiscertain.8._________carswillbeparkedin