英語介詞引導(dǎo)從句語法詳解與練習(xí)題一、引言介詞引導(dǎo)的從句是英語復(fù)雜句式的核心組成部分，它能精準(zhǔn)傳遞邏輯關(guān)系（如原因、條件、所屬等），卻因搭配規(guī)則的復(fù)雜性成為學(xué)習(xí)難點。本文將從“介詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句”“介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句”兩大核心場景入手，結(jié)合實例解析語法規(guī)則，并通過針對性練習(xí)鞏固知識，幫助讀者突破這一語法瓶頸。二、語法詳解（一）介詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句（介詞+賓語從句）介詞后接的從句充當(dāng)介詞的賓語，需注意介詞與從句的搭配邏輯及連接詞的使用規(guī)范：1.介詞與從句的搭配限制多數(shù)介詞（如*about,of,on,in,for*等）不能直接接that引導(dǎo)的從句，需借助“*thefactthat...*”結(jié)構(gòu)（將that從句作為*thefact*的同位語）。僅少數(shù)固定搭配例外：固定搭配（介詞+that從句）：*exceptthat*（除了……之外）：*Theplanisperfectexceptthatitcoststoomuch.**butthat*（要不是……）：*IwouldhavegonebutthatIwasill.**inthat*（因為）：*Thismethodisbetterinthatitsavestime.*非固定搭配（介詞+thefactthat...）：若需表達(dá)“介詞+陳述事實”，需用“介詞+thefactthat...”，如：*Weareworriedaboutthefactthattheprojectisdelayed.*2.連接詞的選擇疑問詞（what,when,where,how,why等）：從句缺成分時用疑問詞引導(dǎo)，如：*I'mconfusedabouthowwecansolvethisproblem.*（how作solve的方式狀語）*Sheaskedaboutwhathewantedforhisbirthday.*（what作wanted的賓語）whether（不用if）：介詞后表“是否”時，只能用*whether*，如：*Hissuccessdependsonwhetherheworkshard.*（不可用*if*）（二）介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞（人/物），需關(guān)注關(guān)系代詞選擇與介詞搭配邏輯：1.關(guān)系代詞的選擇指物：用*which*（不可用*that*），如：*ThebookinwhichIfoundtheanswerisontheshelf.*（*in*與*book*搭配，表“在書中”）指人：用*whom*（不可用*who/that*），如：*ThewomanwithwhomIworkedisascientist.*（*with*與*work*搭配，表“和……一起工作”）表所屬關(guān)系：用*whose*，或轉(zhuǎn)換為“*ofwhich/whom+the+名詞*”，如：*Thehousewhoseroofisred=Thehouseofwhichtheroofisred.*2.介詞的選擇依據(jù)與先行詞搭配：如*theroominwhichhelives*（*liveintheroom*，*in*與*room*搭配）。與從句動詞/形容詞搭配：如*theproblemaboutwhichwetalked*（*talkabouttheproblem*，*about*與*talk*搭配）。表整體與部分：用*of*，如*theteamofwhichheisamember*（*heisamemberoftheteam*）。三、針對性練習(xí)題（一）基礎(chǔ)鞏固題1.介詞+關(guān)系代詞填空請根據(jù)先行詞與從句的搭配，填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~和關(guān)系代詞：①Thedesk____________Iputmybooksisoverthere.②Thegirl____________heistalkingishissister.③Thereason____________hewaslateisstillunknown.2.連接詞選擇請根據(jù)語境選擇正確的連接詞（或結(jié)構(gòu)）完成句子：①Wearethinkingabout______weshoulddonext.(what/that/if)②Hisdecisiondependson______theweatherwillbefinetomorrow.(whether/if/that)③Shewassurprisedat______hehadpassedtheexam.(that/thefactthat/what)（二）能力提升題1.句子翻譯請將下列句子翻譯成英語，注意介詞與從句的搭配：①他工作的公司離這里很遠(yuǎn)。②我不確定他是否會來參加聚會。③除了他有點害羞之外，他是個很好的伙伴。2.語法改錯請找出下列句子中的錯誤并改正：①I'minterestedinthatyoutoldme.②ThemanwhichIspoketoismyteacher.③Shewasangryatthatheforgotherbirthday.四、答案與解析（一）基礎(chǔ)鞏固題答案1.介詞+關(guān)系代詞填空①*onwhich*（*putbooksonthedesk*，*on*與*desk*搭配，關(guān)系代詞指物用*which*）②*withwhom*（*talkwithsb.*，*with*與*talk*搭配，關(guān)系代詞指人用*whom*）③*forwhich*（*thereasonfor...*，*for*與*reason*搭配，關(guān)系代詞指物用*which*）2.連接詞選擇①*what*（從句中*do*缺賓語，用*what*引導(dǎo)賓語從句）②*whether*（介詞*dependon*后表“是否”，用*whether*）③*thefactthat*（*at*后不能直接接*that*從句，需用*thefactthat...*結(jié)構(gòu)）（二）能力提升題答案1.句子翻譯③*Heisagoodpartnerexceptthatheisabitshy.*（*exceptthat*為固定搭配，表“除了……之外”）2.語法改錯①錯誤：*that*→改為*what*（*in*后接賓語從句，從句中*told*缺賓語，用*what*引導(dǎo)）②錯誤：*which*→改為*whom*（指人，介詞*to*后用*whom*；或改為*Theman(whom/that)Ispoketoismyteacher.*，將*to*后置）③錯誤：*that*→改為*thefactthat*（*angryat*后接事實，需用*thefactth