2026高考總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計二輪用書英語課后習(xí)題專項能力提升文體分類練(三)說明文之新發(fā)明/新產(chǎn)品類Passage1(2025山東濟寧二模)主題:處理高鹽有機廢水的方法 詞數(shù):324難度:★★★☆☆ 限時:7分鐘Numerousindustriesproducelargerquantitiesofwastewaterscontaininghighconcentrationsoforganicsubstancesandinorganicsalts.Dischargingthesewastewaterstotheenvironmentisharmfultotheecosystemandhumanhealth.However,thehighsaltcontentinthesewastewatersposesseriouschallengesforexistingtreatmentprocesses.ResearchersatRiceUniversity,inpartnershipwithGuangdongUniversityofTechnology,havedevelopedagroundbreakingmethodforit—adoptingdialysis(透析)technologycommonlyusedinmedicine.Theresearchersselectedcommercialultrafiltrationmembranes(超濾膜)whichweredesignedtoletsaltpassthroughwhiletrappingorganicsubstances.Theysetupasystemwheresaltywastewaterandfreshwaterflowedinoppositedirectionsoneithersideofaspecialmembrane,withoutneedingpumps.Duetothedifferenceinsaltconcentrationsbetweenwastewaterandfreshwater,saltnaturallymovesintothefreshwaterwhileorganicsubstancesarekeptback.Totestthis,theycomparedtheamountoforganicmaterialsandsaltinthewastewaterbeforeandaftertreatment.Theresultsshowedthesystemcouldeffectivelyremovesaltwithoutusingextraamountsoffreshwater.Onesignificantadvantageofdialysisisitsresistancetofouling(積垢).Unlikepressure-drivensystems,dialysisexperiencednotablylessbuildupoforganicmaterialsonthemembranebecauseitdoesn’trelyonextrapressure.“Thiscouldtranslatetolowerenergyconsumption,lessmaintenance,andfewermembranereplacements,”saidElimelech,aresearcheronthestudy.Additionally,withsuitablemembranes,dialysiscanbetailoredtoseparatevariousorganiccompounds,enablingtheselectiverecoveryofvaluableresourcesfromwastewater.Inthisway,dialysiscreatesopportunitiesfortransformingwastewatertreatmentplantsintoresourcerecoveryfactories,aligningtheprinciplesofacirculareconomy.Overall,whiledialysisalonedoesn’tfullypurifywastewater,itcantransformthehigh-salinityorganicwastewaterstreamintoalow-salinityorganicwastewaterstreamthatcanbereadilytreatedbyconventionalmethods,whichrevolutionizesthetreatmentofsomeofthemostchallengingindustrialwastewaters.1.Whatisthemajorchallengefacedbythecurrentwastewatertreatment?A.Thelackofsufficienttreatmentdevices.B.Thehighsaltpercentageinwastewater.C.Thesubstantialvolumesofwastewater.D.Theconsiderablecostoftreatmentprocesses.2.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheprocessofdialysingwastewater?A.Themembranetransformedsaltintoorganiccompounds.B.Theextrapressurecontributedtosalttransport.C.Theconcentrationdifferenceplayedthekeyrole.D.Liquidsonbothsidesflowedinthesamedirection.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“aligning”probablymeaninparagraph4?A.Matching. B.Establishing.C.Adjusting. D.Challenging.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitle?A.Dialysis:APioneeringBlessingforMedicineB.Membranes:AProtectiveScreenforFreshWaterC.Dialysis:ANewPathwayforWastewaterTreatmentD.High-SalinityWastewater:AThreattotheEnvironmentPassage2(2025湖北鄂州二模)主題:腦機接口技術(shù) 詞數(shù):370難度:★★★★☆ 限時:8分鐘Afuturisticworldhasalwaysbeencharmingtohumans.Moviesandsci-finovelshavemadeusfantasizeaboutasocietyfloodedwithhumanoidrobotsthathelpfreeusfrommind-numbingtaskswhilewefocusonthingsthatrequireourattentionorsimplyrelax.Brain-computerinterface(BCI)(腦機接口)isonesuchtechnology.PioneeredbyElonMusk’sNeuralink,thesebrainimplantscouldenablemind-controlledcomputing—potentiallygoingfarbeyondjustreadingthoughts.Thiscansolvemanymedicalconditions,includingparalysis,anxiety,andaddiction.BCIchipsacquirebrainsignals,analyzethem,andtranslatethemintocommandssenttooutputdevicesthatcarryoutdesiredactions.Itdoesnotusenormalneuromuscular(神經(jīng)肌肉的)outputpathways.Itisoftenusedasanassistedlivingdeviceforindividualswithneuromusculardisorderssuchasstrokeorspinalcordinjury.Basically,BCIresultsfromtheblendoftechnologiesfromthefieldsofelectricalengineering,computerscience,biomedicalengineering,andneurosurgery.TheseBCIdevicesareoftwotypes,namely,Non-invasive(非侵入式的)BCIandInvasiveBCI.Non-invasiveBCItoolsusesensorsappliedonorneartheheadtotrackandrecordbrainactivity.Theseonescanbeplacedandremovedeasily,buttheirsignalsmaybeindistinctandimprecise.However,InvasiveBCItoolsrequiresurgeryastheyaretobeimplantedbeneaththeskull,directlyintothebrain,totargetspecificsetsofneurons,thusprovidingamuchclearerandmoreaccuratesignalbetweenthebrainandthedevice.UsingBCIscanpotentiallyenhanceitspersonnel’sphysicalandcognitivepower.WhileBCIstrytoimitatethewayourbrainsfunction,understandingthemechanicscanbequitechallengingforresearchers.Further,therehavebeenconcernsonethicalgroundsaboutthisresearch.Thisincludesprivacyandsecurityissues.Ethicistsfearthatcapturedneuralsignalscanbeusedtogainaccesstoauser’sprivateinformation.Ontheotherhand,becauseBCIchipsanddevicescapturesignalsdirectlyfromasubject’snervoussystem,thistransmitteddatacanbeextractedforevilpurposes,oreventhewholeBCIsystemcanbebrokenintobycybercriminals.HopetheseissuesareaddressedbeforethecommerciallaunchofBCIsinthefuture.5.Accordingtothetext,whomaybenefitmostfromBCItechnology?A.Awomanlosingherabilitytospeak.B.Anengineerthirstyforhighproductivity.C.Apatientincapableofmovingafterinjuries.D.Anathleteaimingforimprovedperformance.6.WhatcanwelearnaboutBCIfromthethirdparagraph?A.Non-invasiveBCIprovidesclearersignals.B.InvasiveBCIenablespreciseneuralrecordings.C.InvasiveBCIcanbeeasilyremovedlikeaheadset.D.Non-invasiveBCIrequirespermanentskullimplants.7.What’sthepotentialriskBCItechnologymaybringinthetext?A.Theftofbraindata.B.Shortservicelifeofimplanteddevices.C.HighcostofBCIdevices.D.Difficultyinunderstandingbrainsignals.8.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsBCItechnology?A.Stronglynegative.B.Fullysupportive.C.Cautiouslyoptimistic.D.Completelyindifferent.Passage3(2025安徽馬鞍山二模)主題:利用太陽能制造燃料 詞數(shù):346難度:★★★★☆ 限時:7分鐘Theresearchers,fromtheUniversityofCambridge,saytheirsolar-poweredreactorcouldbeusedtomakefueltopowercarsandplanes.Itcouldalsobeusedtogeneratefuelinremoteoroff-grid(沒有電網(wǎng)的)locations.Unlikeconventionaltechnologies,thereactordevelopedbytheCambridgeresearchersdoesnotrequirefossil-fuel-basedpowerorthetransportandstorageofcarbondioxide(CO2),butinsteadconvertsatmosphericCO2intosomethingusefulusingsunlight.TheresultsarereportedinthejournalNatureEnergy.Carboncaptureandstorage(CCS)hasbeenproposedasapossiblesolutiontotheclimatecrisis.However,itisenergy-intensiveandthereareconcernsaboutthelong-termsafetyofstoringpressurisedCO2deepunderground.“Whatif,insteadofpumpingCO2underground,wemadesomethingusefulfromit?”saidfirstauthorDr.SayaleeKatarfromCambridge’sYusufHamiedDepartmentofChemistry.“CO2isaharmfulgreenhousegas,butitcanalsobeturnedintousefulchemicals.”Thefocusoftheresearchgroupisthedevelopmentofdevicesthatconvertwaste,water,andairintopracticalfuelsandchemicals.Thesedevicestaketheirinspirationfromphotosynthesis(光合作用):theprocessbywhichplantsconvertsunlightintofood.Thedevicesdon’tuseanyoutsidepower:nocables,nobatteries—alltheyneedisthepowerofthesun.Theteam’slatestsystemtakescarbondioxidedirectlyfromtheairandconvertsitintosyngas,akeyelementintheproductionofmanychemicals.Atnight,specializeddevicestakeinCO2.Whenthesuncomesout,thesunlightheatsupthecollectedgas,startingachemicalreactionthatconvertsthegasintosolarsyngas.Amirroronthereactorconcentratesthesunlight,makingtheprocessmoreefficient.Theresearcherssaytheparticularlypromisingopportunityisthatthesyngascanbeconvertedintomanyoftheproductswerelyoneveryday,withoutcontributingtoclimatechange.Theyarebuildingalargerversionofthereactorandhopetobegintestsinthespring.9.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthereactorfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Itconsumessolarenergy.B.Itoperateswellinremotelocations.C.Itrequiresfewertechnologies.D.Itstoressolarenergyfortransportation.10.WhydoestheauthormentionKatar’swords?A.Tointroducetheiralternativethinking.B.Toshowtheoriginoftheirinspiration.C.Torecognizethevalueoftheirdevice.D.Toexplainthereasonsfortheirsuccess.11.Whatdoesparagraph6mainlytalkabout?A.Theefficiencyofdifferentdevices.B.Functionalprocessesofthesystem.C.Thecooperationoftheteammembers.D.Theworkingsurroundingsofthesystem.12.Whataretheresearchersplanningtodo?A.Producegreenenergy.B.Launchatrialofthereactor.C.Replaceexistingfuels.D.Createalarge-sizedmirror.

答案：Passage1【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了萊斯大學(xué)和廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)的研究人員合作開發(fā)了一種開創(chuàng)性的處理高鹽有機廢水的方法——采用醫(yī)學(xué)上常用的透析技術(shù),闡述了該方法的原理、優(yōu)勢以及對廢水處理的重要意義。1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“However,thehighsaltcontentinthesewastewatersposesseriouschallengesforexistingtreatmentprocesses.”可知,當(dāng)前廢水處理面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)是廢水中的高鹽含量。2.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theysetupasystemwheresaltywastewaterandfreshwaterflowedinoppositedirectionsoneithersideofaspecialmembrane,withoutneedingpumps.Duetothedifferenceinsaltconcentrationsbetweenwastewaterandfreshwater,saltnaturallymovesintothefreshwaterwhileorganicsubstancesarekeptback.”可知,在處理廢水的透析過程中,濃度差起到了關(guān)鍵作用。易錯點撥:本題易錯選B項。部分考生可能因“壓力驅(qū)動”是常見的水處理技術(shù)(如反滲透)而誤選B項,但透析技術(shù)的核心原理是濃度差驅(qū)動的擴散,而非壓力。需注意原文細(xì)節(jié)的對比(如“withoutneedingpumps”和“doesn’trelyonextrapressure”)。3.A詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知,透析為將廢水處理廠轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橘Y源回收工廠創(chuàng)造了機會,這與循環(huán)經(jīng)濟的原則是一致的,所以“aligning”的意思最接近“Matching(匹配,相一致)”。4.C標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ResearchersatRiceUniversity,inpartnershipwithGuangdongUniversityofTechnology,havedevelopedagroundbreakingmethodforit—adoptingdialysis(透析)technologycommonlyusedinmedicine.”以及下文對該方法的介紹可知,本文主要講的是透析技術(shù)為廢水處理提供了一條新途徑。所以最佳標(biāo)題為“透析:污水處理的新途徑”。提分干貨高頻詞匯1.substancen.物質(zhì)2.contentn.含量3.amountn.數(shù)量 4.consumptionn.消費;消耗5.maintenancen.維護熟詞生義1.concentration(生)n.濃度(熟)n.專心2.pose(生)n.造成;引起(熟)n.姿勢重點短語1.largequantitiesof大量的2.beharmfulto對……有害3.setup建立4.relyon依賴5.o...把……轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤y句分析Theresearchersselectedcommercialultrafiltrationmembranes(超濾膜)whichweredesignedtoletsaltpassthroughwhiletrappingorganicsubstances.分析:本句為主從復(fù)合句。whichweredesignedtoletsaltpassthrough為which引導(dǎo)的定語從句;whiletrappingorganicsubstances為狀語從句的省略。譯文:研究人員選擇了商用超濾膜,它們的設(shè)計目的是讓鹽通過,同時捕獲有機物質(zhì)。Passage2【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了腦機接口技術(shù)及其利弊和潛在風(fēng)險。5.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Itisoftenusedasassistedlivingdevicesforindividualswithneuromusculardisorderssuchasstrokeorspinalcordinjury.”可知,腦機接口技術(shù)常被用于幫助患有神經(jīng)肌肉疾病的人,受傷后無法移動的病人屬于這類人群,所以他們可能從腦機接口技術(shù)中受益最多。6.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“However,InvasiveBCItoolsrequiresurgeryastheyaretobeimplantedbeneaththeskull,directlyintothebrain,totargetspecificsetsofneurons,thusprovidingamuchclearerandmoreaccuratesignalbetweenthebrainandthedevice.”可知,侵入式腦機接口能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)精確的神經(jīng)記錄。易錯點撥:本題易錯選A項。原文明確提到,非侵入式BCI(Non-invasiveBCI)的信號可能模糊且不精確(“theirsignalsmaybeindistinctandimprecise”),而侵入式BCI(InvasiveBCI)由于直接植入大腦,能提供更清晰、更準(zhǔn)確的信號(“providingamuchclearerandmoreaccuratesignal”)。因此,A項與原文完全相反,是錯誤選項。7.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ethicistsfearthatcapturedneuralsignalscanbeusedtogainaccesstoauser’sprivateinformation.Ontheotherhand,becauseBCIchipsanddevicescapturesignalsdirectlyfromasubject’snervoussystem,thistransmitteddatacanbeextractedforevilpurposes,oreventhewholeBCIsystemcanbebrokenintobycybercriminals.”可知,腦機接口技術(shù)可能帶來的潛在風(fēng)險是大腦數(shù)據(jù)被盜取。8.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知,使用腦機接口技術(shù)有可能增強使用者的身體和認(rèn)知能力。此外,這項研究在倫理方面也存在一些令人擔(dān)憂的問題。這其中包括隱私和安全問題。作者希望在未來腦機接口技術(shù)商業(yè)化推出之前,這些問題能夠得到解決。由此可推知,作者一方面看到了腦機接口技術(shù)存在的問題和風(fēng)險,另一方面又希望這些問題能得到解決,所以作者對腦機接口技術(shù)的態(tài)度是謹(jǐn)慎樂觀的。提分干貨高頻詞匯1.charmingadj.迷人的2.anxietyn.焦慮3.addictionn.癮;嗜好4.basicallyadv.基本上5.accurateadj.準(zhǔn)確的6.enhancevt.增強熟詞生義1.pioneer(生)v.倡導(dǎo)(熟)n.先鋒2.track(生)v.追蹤;跟蹤(熟)n.小道;足跡重點短語1.befloodedwith充滿2.carryout執(zhí)行,實施3.resultfrom由……引起4.gainaccessto獲得進入權(quán)限;取得使用權(quán)難句分析Moviesandsci-finovelshavemadeusfantasizeaboutasocietyfloodedwithhumanoidrobotsthathelpfreeusfrommind-numbingtaskswhilewefocusonthingsthatrequireourattentionorsimplyrelax.分析:本句為主從復(fù)合句。thathelpfreeusfrommind-numbingtasks為that引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾先行詞humanoidrobots;whilewefocusonthings為while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句;thatrequireourattentionorsimplyrelax為that引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾先行詞things。譯文:電影和科幻小說讓我們幻想著一個充斥著人形機器人的社會,當(dāng)我們專注于需要我們注意的事情或僅僅是放松時,它們可以幫助我們從大腦麻木的任務(wù)中解脫出來。Passage3【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了劍橋大學(xué)的研究人員通過太陽能反應(yīng)堆來制造汽車和飛機的燃料,用于在偏遠地區(qū)或沒有電網(wǎng)地區(qū)產(chǎn)生燃料。9.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theresearchers,fromtheUniversityofCambridge,saytheirsolar-poweredreactorcouldbeusedtomakefueltopowercarsandplanes.”可知,反應(yīng)堆消耗太陽能。10.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“‘Whatif,insteadofpumpingCO2underground,wemadesomethingusefulfromit?’saidfirstauthorDr.SayaleeKatarfromCambridge’sYusufHamiedDepartmentofChemistry.‘CO2isaharmfulgreenhousegas,butitcanalsobeturnedintousefulchemicals.’”可知,作者提到Katar的話是為了介紹他們的非傳統(tǒng)性思維。11.B段落大意題。根據(jù)第六段內(nèi)容可知,第六段主要講了系統(tǒng)的功能流程。易錯點撥:本題易錯選A項。雖然第六段提到“Amirroronthereactorconcentratesthesunlight,makingtheprocessmoreefficient.”(反應(yīng)器上的鏡子集中陽光,提高效率),但這只是系統(tǒng)功能的一個細(xì)節(jié),而非段落主旨。段落的核心是描述系統(tǒng)如何從空氣中捕獲CO2并在陽光下轉(zhuǎn)化為合成氣(syngas),即系統(tǒng)的工作流程(Functionalprocesses),而非單純比較效率。12.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Theyarebuildingalargerversionofthereactorandhopetobegintestsinthespring.”可知,研究人員計劃啟動反應(yīng)堆試驗。提分干貨高頻詞匯1.convertvt.轉(zhuǎn)化2.proposevt.建議;提出3.promisingadj.有希望的;有前途的熟詞生義concentrate(生)vt.使集中;聚集(熟)vi.集中(注意力);聚精會神重點短語1.whatif倘使……將會怎樣2.takein吸收難句分析Whenthesuncomesout,thesunlightheatsupthecollectedgas,startingachemicalreactionthatconvertsthegasintosolarsyngas.分析:本句為主從復(fù)合句。Whenthesuncomesout為when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句;thatconvertsthegasintosolarsyngas為that引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾先行詞chemicalreaction。譯文:當(dāng)太陽出來時,陽光加熱收集的氣體,開始化學(xué)反應(yīng),將氣體轉(zhuǎn)化為太陽能合成氣。文體分類練(四)說明文之研究報告類Passage1(2025河北張家口二模)主題:人工智能影響購買意愿 詞數(shù):342難度:★★★★☆ 限時:8分鐘AstudypublishedintheJournalofHospitalityMarketing&Managementfoundthatdescribingaproductas“AI-powered”lowersacustomer’sintentiontobuyit.Researcherssampledparticipantsacrossvariousagegroupsandshowedthemthesameproducts—theonlydifferencebetweenthemwasthatonewasdescribedas“high-tech”andtheotheras“AI-powered”.“Ineverysinglecase,theintentiontobuyorusetheproductorservicewasgreatlylowerwheneverwementionedAIintheproductdescription,”saidDoganGursoy,oneofthestudy’sauthors.Thestudysaystwokindsoftrustplayapartinconsumers’less-than-rosyperceptionofproductsthatdescribethemselvesas“AI-powered”.Thefirstkind,cognitive(認(rèn)知的)trust,hastodowiththehigherstandardthatpeopleholdAItoasamachinetheyexpecttobefreefromhumanerror.So,whenAIdoesslipup,thattrustcanbequicklyruined.Forexample,peoplecriticizedGooglelastyearforprovidingconfusingandevenfalseinformation,pressuringthecompanytowalkbacksomeofthefeatures’capabilities.Inaddition,limitedknowledgeandunderstandingabouttheinnerworkingsofAIforceconsumerstofallbackonemotionaltrustandmaketheirownsubjectivejudgmentsaboutthetechnology.“Oneofthereasonsisfearoftheunknown,”Gursoysaid.“BeforeChatGPTwasintroduced,notmanypeoplehadanyideasaboutAI.”AndthewayAIispresentedinpopculture,likeHollywoodsciencefictionfilmswhererobotsappearasvillains(反派主角),hasabiggerimpactonshapingpublicperceptiontowardsAI.AnotheristheperceivedriskaroundAI—particularlywithhowithandlesusers’personaldata,accordingtoGursoy.Therefore,Gursoywarnscompaniesagainstaddingthe“AI”labelasanappealingwordwithoutdetailsonitscapabilities.“Themostadvisablethingforthemtodoistocomeupwiththerightmessaging,”hesaid.“Ratherthansimplyputting‘AI-powered’or‘runbyAI’,tellingpeoplehowthiscanhelpthemwilleaseconsumers’fear.”1.Whatdiscoverywasmadebythestudy?A.ConsumerspreferAIproducts.B.High-techproductsarelesspopular.C.AI-describedproductsattractfewercustomers.D.AI-labeledproductssellbetterwithhigh-techones.2.WhydoescognitivetrustinAIbreakdowneasily?A.AIoftenfailsbasictasks.B.PeoplethinkAIislessefficient.C.AIistoocomplextounderstand.D.PeopleexpectperfectionfromAI.3.Whataffectsconsumers’emotionaltrustinAI?A.Highserviceprices.B.Limitedproductfunctions.C.Slowtechnologydevelopment.D.InsufficientAIoperationknowledge.4.Whatarecompaniesadvisedtodo?A.ExplainthebenefitsofAI.B.KeepawayfromAIusage.C.Detailtheproductionprocess.D.Simplify“AI-powered”labels.Passage2(2025湖北十堰三模)主題:冰川退縮加劇 詞數(shù):364難度:★★★★☆ 限時:8分鐘Anewstudyhasrevealedthealarmingextentglaciershaveshrunkoverthepast40yearsinaglobalwarminghotspotforthefirsttime,andthebiggestretreat(退縮)hasoccurredinrecentyears.Theresearch,ledbytheUniversityofBristol,showsthatthevastmajorityofglaciersacrossSvalbardintheArctichavebeensignificantlyshrinking.Findingsrevealedanarealossofmorethan800km2attheglacierboundariesinthisNorwegiangroupofislandssince1985.Thestudyalsofoundthatmorethanhalfofglaciersgothroughseasonalcyclesinglaciercalving(崩解)whenlargeblocksoficebreakawayduetohigheroceanandairtemperatures.Co-authorJonathanBamber,ProfessorofGlaciologyattheUniversityofBristol,said,“Glaciercalvingisapoorlymodelledandunderstoodprocessthatplaysacrucialroleinthehealthoftheglacier.Ourstudyprovidesvaluableinsightsintowhatcontrolscalvingandhowitrespondstoclimateforcinginanareaatthefrontlineofglobalwarming.”LeadauthorDr.Li,SeniorResearchAssociateattheUniversity’sGlaciologyCentre,said,“Thescaleofglacierretreatoverthepastfewdecadesisastonishing,withicelossnowaffectingalmosttheentireSvalbard.Thishighlightstheweaknessofglacierstoclimatechange,especiallyinSvalbard,aregionexperiencingrapidwarminguptoseventimesfasterthantheglobalaverage.”UsinganovelAImodel,theresearchteamanalysedmillionsofsatelliteimagescapturingtheendpositionsofglaciersacrosstheentireSvalbard.Thefindingsprovideanunprecedentedlevelofdetailintothescaleandnatureofglacierlossinthisregion.Thebiggestpeakinglacierretreatwasdetectedin2016,whenthecalvingratesweredoubletheaveragebetween2010and2015,inresponsetoextremewarmingevents.“Thiswaslikelycausedbyalarge-scaleweatherpatterncalledatmosphericblockingthatcaninfluenceatmosphericpressures,”saidDr.Li.“Withtheincreasingfrequencyofatmosphericblockingandongoingregionalwarming,futureretreatofglaciersisexpectedtoaccelerate,resultingingreaterglaciermassloss.ThiswouldchangetheoceancirculationandmarinelifeenvironmentsintheArctic.”5.Whatistheauthor’sintentioninwritingparagraph1?A.Todiscusstheretreatoftheglacier.B.Topresenttheauthor’sopinion.C.Toexplaintheeffectofhotspots.D.Tointroducethestudy’smainfindings.6.Whatisscientists’currentunderstandingofglaciercalving?A.Precise. B.Extensive.C.Limited. D.Comprehensive.7.WhatdoesDr.Li’sstatementimplyabouttheglaciers?A.Theywillcalveatatopspeed.B.Theymayexperiencefasterretreat.C.Theywillremainatafixedrateofretreat.D.Theymaydecreasebecauseoflittlesnow.8.Whatisthetext?A.Aresearchpaperonglaciercalvingmechanics.B.AnewsreportonglacierretreatinSvalbard.C.Asummaryofaclimatechangeconference.D.Anarticleaboutthehistoryofglaciology.Passage3(2025安徽合肥二模)主題:表達感激的方式差異 詞數(shù):318難度:★★★★☆ 限時:7分鐘Amongworldlanguages,Englishplacesperhapsthehighestvalueontheexpressionsofthanks,especiallyinformalandbusinesssettings.Soit’slogicalthatEnglishspeakerstendtoconflatetheexpressionofthankfulnesswiththefeelingofthankfulness.Ifsomebodydidn’tsay“thanks”,weoftenthinktheymustnothavebeenverygrateful.Andyet,inEnglish,“thankyou”getsusedsofrequentlythatitcaneasilystarttofeelhabitual.Butdowesayitasmuchaswethinkinourcasualinteractionswithfamilyandfriends?AnewresearchpapertitledUniversalsandCulturalDiversityintheExpressionofThankfulnesssuggeststhatno,wedonot.Theresearchteambehindthepaperlookedforexpressionsofthankfulnessindailyinformalinteractionsacrosseightlanguages:English,Italian,Polish,Russian,Lao,Cha’palaa,Murrinhpatha,andSiwu.Thefindingssuggesttheuniversalwayinwhichthankfulnessisexpressedisnotthroughgivingthanks,butratherthroughparticipationinasocialagreementinwhichmutual(相互的)assistanceandworkingtogetherarethenorm.Infact,thepracticeofgivingthanksseemstohavelittleimpactonthepracticeofmutualexchange.Thepracticeofgivingthanksalsovariesculturally.InIndia,forexample,people—especiallywhentheyareyourelders,relatives,orclosefriends—tendtofeelthatbythankingthem,you’reweakeningyourclosenesswiththemandcreatingformalityanddistancethatshouldn’texist!Incontrast,inEngland,expressingthankfulnessthroughwordsisseenasapositivestrengtheningofrelationships,promotinggoodwillandconnection.NickEnfield,leadresearcherofthestudy,suggeststhatmostofthe6,000to7,000worldlanguagesdon’thaveawordfor“thankyou”.“Whenweconsiderthenegativeeffectsofthankingcloserelationsalongsidethefactthatmanylanguagesarespokeninverysmallcommunitieswherespeakersarelikelytoknoweachother,thatclaimstartstofeelquitereasonable.”9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conflate”inparagraph1mean?A.Compare. B.Replace.C.Figureout. D.Mixup.10.Howdopeopleexpressthankfulnessuniversallyaccordingtothestudy?A.Bysayingthanksdirectly.B.Bymakingsocialagreements.C.Byusingbodylanguage.D.Byhelpingandcooperating.11.HowdoIndiansviewthepracticeofgivingthankstorelatives?A.Itweakenstheirbond.B.Itreducestheirsocialdistance.C.Itenhancestheirconnection.D.Itpromotestheirmutualtrust.12.WhatdoesNickEnfieldimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Manyculturesdonotemphasizethankfulness.B.Thankfulnessmightnotbeexpressedinwords.C.Smallcommunitiesprefertothankclosefriends.D.Thenegativeeffectsofthankingshouldbeavoided.

答案：Passage1【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在產(chǎn)品描述中提及人工智能(AI)會顯著降低消費者的購買意愿,并分析了消費者對AI產(chǎn)品信任度較低的原因,以及專家對企業(yè)的建議。1.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“AstudypublishedintheJournalofHospitalityMarketing&Managementfoundthatdescribingaproductas‘AI-powered’lowersacustomer’sintentiontobuyit.”可知,這項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)被描述為人工智能的產(chǎn)品吸引的顧客更少。2.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thefirstkind,cognitive(認(rèn)知的)trust,hastodowiththehigherstandardthatpeopleholdAItoasamachinetheyexpecttobefreefromhumanerror.So,whenAIdoesslipup,thattrustcanbequicklyruined.”可推知,人們對人工智能的認(rèn)知信任容易破裂是因為人們對人工智能的期望很高。易錯點撥:本題易錯選C項。雖然第四段中提到消費者對AI的內(nèi)部運作缺乏了解(“l(fā)imitedknowledgeandunderstandingabouttheinnerworkingsofAI”),但這屬于情感信任(emotionaltrust)的范疇,而非認(rèn)知信任(cognitivetrust)。認(rèn)知信任的崩潰是因為人們對AI的完美性期望(“higherstandard...freefromhumanerror”)與實際錯誤之間的矛盾,與“復(fù)雜性”無關(guān)。3.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Inaddition,limitedknowledgeandunderstandingabouttheinnerworkingsofAIforceconsumerstofallbackonemotionaltrustandmaketheirownsubjectivejudgmentsaboutthetechnology.”可知,消費者對人工智能操作知識的不足影響了他們對人工智能的情感信任。4.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“tellingpeoplehowthiscanhelpthemwilleaseconsumers’fear”可知,企業(yè)被建議解釋人工智能帶來的好處。提分干貨高頻詞匯1.intentionn.意圖2.ruinvt.毀壞3.confusingadj.令人困惑的 4.falseadj.虛假的5.subjectiveadj.主觀的熟詞生義sample(生)v.對……作抽樣調(diào)查(熟)n.樣本重點短語1.describe...as...把……描述成……2.forcesbtodosth迫使某人做某事3.warnsbagainstdoingsth警告某人不要做某事4.comeupwith提出,想出難句分析Thefirstkind,cognitive(認(rèn)知的)trust,hastodowiththehigherstandardthatpeopleholdAItoasamachinetheyexpecttobefreefromhumanerror.分析:本句為主從復(fù)合句。thatpeopleholdAIto為that引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾先行詞standard;theyexpecttobefreefromhumanerror為省略關(guān)系詞that/which的定語從句,修飾先行詞machine。譯文:第一種是認(rèn)知信任,源于人們以更高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求AI——作為一種機器,它理應(yīng)避免人類錯誤。Passage2【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。一項新研究揭示了斯瓦爾巴群島的冰川在過去40年里顯著退縮,近年退縮加劇,未來或加速,影響深遠。5.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Anewstudyhasrevealedthealarmingextentglaciershaveshrunk(縮小)overthepast40yearsinaglobalwarminghotspotforthefirsttime,andthebiggestretreat(退縮)hasoccurredinrecentyears.”可知,第一段主要介紹了這項研究的主要發(fā)現(xiàn),即冰川在過去40年縮小的程度以及近年來退縮最為嚴(yán)重。6.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Glaciercalvingisapoorlymodelledandunderstoodprocessthatplaysacrucialroleinthehealth