2025年秋季高三年級(jí)期中考試英語(yǔ)試卷考試時(shí)間：2025年11月4日上午8:00—10:00試卷滿分：150分第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是：C。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whosecameraisit?A.David’s. B.Alice’s. C.Jane’s.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Hi,couldyoulendmethecamera,David?M:Hi,Alice.I’dliketo,butitbelongstoJane.W:Well,inthatcase,I’llborrowonefromMary.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Howwillthespeakerspayforthecoffeeprobably?A.Incoins. B.Innotes. C.Bycreditcard.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Look,there’sacoffeemachineoverthere.Canyouseewhichcoinsituses?...OK...Haveyougotyourcreditcardwithyou?Ineeditforthemachine.Itdoesn’ttakecoinsornotes.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whereisthemainoffice?A.InSwitzerland. B.InSweden. C.InAmerica.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:MrLee,I’llbegoingbacktoSwitzerlandsoon.I’mbeingtransferredtoourmainoffice.M:Whatasurprise!IthoughtyouweregoingtoSwedenoffice.AllofusatSanFranciscowillmissyou!4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatisthewomangoingtotry?A.Sailingaboat. B.Skiing. C.Ridingabike.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Lookatthisleafletfromthenewleisurecenter.Iquitefancyskiingorlearninghowtosailaboat.W:Soyouthinkthatridingabikewouldbeboring?M:Well,it’snotveryexciting,isit?W:Iknow,butmaybeit’stimeIdidsomethingI’veneverdonebefore,evenifitisboring!5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Atacountrysidehotel.B.Atawinefactory.C.Onafarm.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Ican’tbelievethatallyourroomsareoccupied.W:Don’tyouknowaboutthewinefestival?And,ofcourse,thecountrysideisreallyprettyinthefall,soalotoftouristseforsightseeing.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.Whereisthemangoing?A.ToSaltLakeCity. B.ToNewYork. C.ToHelsinki.7.Howmanyhourswillittakethemantoreachhisdestination?A.18hours. B.22hours. C.23hours.【答案】6.C7.B【解析】【原文】W:OK.That’sFlight1070fromSaltLakeCitytoNewYork,KennedyAirport,transferringtoFlight90fromKennedytoHelsinki.M:Andwhatarethedepartureandarrivaltimesforeachofthoseflights?W:ItleavesSaltLakeCityat10:00am,arrivinginNewYorkat4:30pm,thentransferringtoFlight90at5:30pm,andarrivinginHelsinkiat8:00amthenextday.M:Alright.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.Whatwasthemandoingduringtheearthquake?A.Shouting. B.Running. C.Sleeping.9.Howwasthemanwhentheearthquaketookplace?A.Hewasill. B.Hewashelpless. C.Hewasfrightened.【答案】8.C9.A【解析】【原文】W:Whatdidyoudoduringtheearthquake,James?M:Stayedinbed.W:Whatdoyoumean?Didn’tyoutrytogetoutside?M:No.Ihadgotaterribleflu,soIjuststayedinbed.W:Sowhathappened?M:Well,Imusthavesleptthroughtheearthquake,althoughnobodybelievesme.Theysaiditwasnoisy.ThenIwokeupat4:00inthemorning,stillfeelingterriblewiththeflu,eyesrunning,noserunning.Youknowhowyoufeelwhenyou’vegottheflu.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】10.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodoatfirst?A.Showhismembershipcard.B.Applyformembership.C.Choosethemovieshelikes.11.Howmanymoviesdoesthemanrent?A.Two. B.Three. C.Five.12.Howmuchshouldthemanpayifthemoviesareoverdue?A.$3.50. B.$7.50. C.$10.【答案】10.A11.B12.B【解析】【原文】M:Hi.I’dliketorenttheseromancemovies.W:OK.Well,doyouhaveyourmembershipcard?M:No,Idon’t.Uh,doIneedonetorentvideoshere?W:Yes,butit’sfree.It’sjustacardweusetohelpuskeeptrackofvideorentals.So,pleasefilloutthismembershipform.M:OK,andhowmucharemovierentalsanyway?W:Well,newreleasesare$3.50,andallothermoviesare$2,andyoucanrentuptosixmoviesatatime.M:Oh,well,I’lltakethesetonight.W:Yourtotalesto$7.50.M:AndwhendoIneedtoreturnthem?W:TheyhavetobereturnedonThursdaybyteno’clock.Andthereisanoverduefeeequaltotherentalfeeofthemovie,sobesuretoreturnthemontime.M:OK.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson. B.Teacherandstudent. C.Daughterandfather.14.Whydoesthewomansay“Iwasn’tbornyesterday”?A.Sheisuninterestedinrulenumber3.B.Shehasalreadyknownrulenumber2.C.Shedisagreeswiththemanaboutrulenumber1.15.Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?A.Thecarisinbadconditionnow.B.Thewomanhasalreadygotthedriver’slicense.C.Thewoman’shouseisfarfromthemovietheater.16.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inthemorning. B.Atnoon. C.Intheafternoon.【答案】13.C14.B15.B16.A【解析】【原文】M:Wait,wait.Whereareyougoing?...MumsaidIcouldtakethecartoschoolthismorning,and...M:Holdonhere.I’vepreparedafewrulesregardingtheuseofthemotorvehiclesinthishouse.W:Rules?M:Rulenumberone:Nodrivingwithfriendsforthefirstsixmonths.W:What?M:Teenagersoftenlackthejudgmenttodriveresponsibly,especiallywhenseveralteenagersareinvolved.Rulenumbertwo:Youalwaysmustwearyourseatbeltandobeytherulesoftheroad.W:Duh.Iwasn’tbornyesterday.M:OK.Rulenumberthree:Youcan’tdrivelongdistancesatnightbecauseyoumightgetsleepyanddriveofftheroad.Butdrivingtothemovietheaterisfine.W:Butthemovietheaterisrightacrossthestreetfromourhouse.M:Andrulenumberfour:Youshouldneveruseacellphonewhiledriving.Thatcouldcauseanaccident.W:Iknow.Iknow.M:OK.Youcandrivetoschool,butdrivecarefullyanddon’tforgettofillupthecarwithgasbeforeyouehome.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】17.Howmanycarscanthehotelhold?A.220. B.235. C.244.18.Whatdoweknowabouttherooms?A.Allroomshavealarmclocks.B.Snookerroomsneedextrafees.C.Singleroomsdon’thaveminibars.19.Whatisfreeofcharge?A.Wakeupcalls. B.Lockupgarages. C.Playingtabletennis.20.Whatisforbidden?A.Swimminginthepool.B.Takingdogsintothehotel.C.Havingbreakfastintheroom.【答案】17.B18.A19.C20.B【解析】【原文】W:OK,everyone.NowI’mgladtotellyousomethingaboutHotelAlpha.HotelAlphaissituatedclosetothemotorwayandwithintwokilometersofNewtoncitycenter.Thehotelhas220carparkingspacesaswellas15lockupgarages.Overnightchargesareavailableonrequest.Thereisa24hourreceptionservice,whichmeansyoucancheckinwheneveryouwant.FaxandphotocopyingservicesareavailableonrequestatReception.Weofferbothsingleanddoublerooms.AllroomshaveaphoneandminibarandguestsareweletowatchTVinthelounge.Roomserviceisavailablebydialing91.Ifyouwishtoorderanewspaper,pleaseinformReceptionthenightbefore.Eachroomhasanalarmclock,butyoucanorderawakeupcallfromReceptionforasmallextracharge.Breakfastisservedfrom6:30to10:00.Helpyourselftoasmuchasyoulikefromourbreakfastbuffet.Alightbreakfastcanbeservedinyourroombutthismustbeorderedbefore.HotelAlphahasthefollowingsportsfacilities:indoorswimmingpool,multigym,tabletennisandsnookerrooms.Guestswhowishtousethesefacilities,whicharefreeofcharge,areaskedtomakearrangementsthroughReception.Guestsarenotallowedtobringpetsintothehotelbutforasmallfeewecanarrangeforanimalstobelookedafternearby.Pleaseletusknowinadvanceifyouwishtobringananimalwithyou.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)ATheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina(USTC)researchinternshipprogramprovidestheopportunityforgraduatestudentsor3rd/4thyearundergraduatestudentstoparticipateinresearchprojectstogainvaluableexperienceonavarietyofcuttingedgeresearchatUSTC.ProgramBenefits●EnhanceresearchcapabilityinstateoftheartlabsundertheguidanceofprofessorsatUSTC.●HaveapetitiveedgeinapplicationforMaster’s,Ph.D.andpostdoctoralprogramsatUSTCbydevelopingrelationshipswithfacultyandstudents.●ApplyforfreeChineselanguageandcultureclasstolearnbasicChineselanguageandexploreuniqueHuiculture.ApplicationQualification1.GoodmandofEnglish.2.NonChinesecitizenswithaforeignpassport.3.CurrentlyenrolledfulltimestudentsinundergraduateYear3/4,Master’s,ordoctoralprograms.Cost●Tuition:2,100RMB(≈304USD)permonth(undergraduatestudentormasterstudent).2,600RMB(≈377USD)permonth(PhDstudent).●Studentdormitory:5001,000RMB(≈73146USD)permonthdependingonroomtypeandsize.●Insurance:160RMB(≈23USD)permonth.ScholarshipUSTCofferslimitedscholarshipstooutstandingstudents.Allapplicantswillbeevaluated.USTCFellowshipLevelA1.freetuitionprehensivemedicalinsurance3.freeuniversitydormitory4.grant:2,500RMB(≈392USD)/month(Bachelor)3,000RMB(≈470USD)/month(Master)3,500RMB(≈550USD)/month(PhD)LevelB1.freetuition2.prehensivemedicalinsuranceLevelCfreetuition21.Whoisqualifiedforthisresearchinternshipprogram?A.ChineseYear2undergraduateswithfluentEnglish.B.Chinesepostdoctoralresearcherswithgoodgrades.C.ParttimeforeignPhDstudentswithproficientEnglish.D.FulltimeEnglishMaster’sstudentswithaforeignpassport.22.HowmuchdoesaFellowshipLevelBstudentpayatleast?A.23USD/month. B.73USD/month. C.146USD/month. D.304USD/month.23.Whereisthearticleprobablytakenfrom?A.Anofficialnoticepage. B.Acollegetravelbrochure.C.Chineselanguagetextbook. D.Anonlinejobhuntingwebsite.【答案】21D22.B23.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要講述了中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)研究實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目的相關(guān)信息，包括項(xiàng)目益處、申請(qǐng)資格、費(fèi)用及獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金情況?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ApplicationQualification部分“2.NonChinesecitizenswithaforeignpassport.(2.持有外國(guó)護(hù)照的非中國(guó)公民。)”和“3.CurrentlyenrolledfulltimestudentsinundergraduateYear3/4,Master’s,ordoctoralprograms.(3.目前全日制本科三、四年級(jí)、碩士或博士在讀學(xué)生。)”可知，持有外國(guó)護(hù)照的英語(yǔ)碩士全日制學(xué)生有資格申請(qǐng)這個(gè)研究實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目。故選D?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Scholarship中LevelB“1.freetuition；2.prehensivemedicalinsurance(1.免學(xué)費(fèi)；2.綜合醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn))”，以及Cost中“Studentdormitory:5001,000RMB(≈73146USD)permonth(學(xué)生宿舍：每月5001000元人民幣，約合73146美元)”可知，B級(jí)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金學(xué)生需至少支付宿舍費(fèi)最低檔73美元/月。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是由第一段“TheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina(USTC)researchinternshipprogramprovidestheopportunityforgraduatestudentsor3rd/4thyearundergraduatestudentstoparticipateinresearchprojectstogainvaluableexperienceonavarietyofcuttingedgeresearchatUSTC.(中國(guó)科技大學(xué)（USTC）的研究實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目為研究生或三四年級(jí)本科生提供了參與研究項(xiàng)目的機(jī)會(huì)，以獲得在USTC進(jìn)行各種前沿研究的寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)。)”可知，文章主要介紹了中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)的研究實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目，包括項(xiàng)目的益處、申請(qǐng)資格、費(fèi)用以及獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金情況，這些信息通常出現(xiàn)在官方公告或通知中。因此，文章最有可能來(lái)源于一個(gè)官方通知頁(yè)面。故選A。BAfterimmigratingtotheUnitedStatesfromtheWestIndiesin1901,19yearoldBobDouglasfoundajobasadoormaninNewYorkCity.Oneday,acoworkertookhimtovisitanupstairsbasketballcourt,andhewasstunnedbytheathleticskillsondisplay.Inspiredbythatmoment,Douglaswasdeterminedtocreateabasketballteam—theNewYorkRenaissance—whichwasthefirstBlackowned,allBlackprofessionalbasketballteamatthattime.Needingapracticespotforhisteam,Douglassoughtcasino(賭場(chǎng))ownerWilliamRoach’spermissiontousethedancefloorbeforelatenightdancing,offeringtocoverteamcostsandbearallfinancialrisk.Besides,theteamhadtotravelthecountryplayinganyopponentthatwouldagreetoschedulethemtogothroughtwofinancialfailures.Theyrepeatedlyencountereddiscriminationandracialviolence,suchasfistfightswithwhiteplayersandfans.Theplayerswereoftenbannedfromhotelsandrestaurantsontheroad.Abasketballhistorian,DickEnglebergsaid.“Alotoftimestheystayedinjailsbecausethatwasthesafestplacetheycouldstay.”Nomattertheobstacle,theRensjustkeptwinning.In1925,theRensshockedtheworldbydefeatingtheOriginalCeltics,themostdominantallwhiteteamoftheirday.Duringthe193233season,theRenaissancewon88straightgames,aprofessionalbasketballrecordthatremainsunbroken.TheRensbegantodeclineasitsplayersgotolderandthetensofthousandsofmilesoftravelingtookitstoll,butintime,theywererecognizedfortheimportantroletheyplayedinadvancingblackathletesinbasketball.Douglas,whohadownedandcoachedtheRensfortheirentire25yearrun,hasbeentodayknownasthe“FatherofBlackProfessionalBasketball,”whichensuresthatalthoughtheRensisn’tahouseholdname,theirlegacywillneverbeforgotten.24.WhatmotivatesDouglastoestablishtheteam?A.Thefinancialsupporthereceived.B.Theimpressiveathleticskillshesaw.C.HisconcernwiththejobsforBlackpeople.D.Hisdesiretobeeafamousbasketballcoach.25.WhatcanweknowfromEngleberg’swords?A.Theteamchosejailstosavemoney.B.Jailscanprovidebasketballtrainingfacilities.C.Theplayerswerearrestedforfightingwithfans.D.Theteamcouldonlyfindacmodationinjails.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasemeaninthelastparagraph?A.Gainedmorefans. B.Causedgreatlosses.C.Discouragedtheplayers. D.Boostedteamperformance.27.WhatcanbestdescribeDouglas?A.Carefulandhumble. B.Strictanddisciplined.C.Tolerantanddynamic. D.Determinedandresponsible.【答案】24.B25.D26.B27.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述BobDouglas移民美國(guó)后受籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)啟發(fā)，組建首支黑人職業(yè)籃球隊(duì)，克服困難取得輝煌成就并獲認(rèn)可的故事?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Oneday,acoworkertookhimtovisitanupstairsbasketballcourt,andhewasstunnedbytheathleticskillsondisplay.Inspiredbythatmoment,Douglaswasdeterminedtocreateabasketballteam—theNewYorkRenaissance—whichwasthefirstBlackowned,allBlackprofessionalbasketballteamatthattime.(一天，一位同事帶他去參觀樓上的籃球場(chǎng)，他被展示出的運(yùn)動(dòng)技巧驚呆了。受那一刻的啟發(fā)，道格拉斯決心組建一支籃球隊(duì)——紐約文藝復(fù)興隊(duì)，這是當(dāng)時(shí)第一支由黑人擁有、全部由黑人組成的職業(yè)籃球隊(duì)。)”可知，道格拉斯是被籃球場(chǎng)上展示的出色運(yùn)動(dòng)技巧所激勵(lì)，才決定組建球隊(duì)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theplayerswereoftenbannedfromhotelsandrestaurantsontheroad.Abasketballhistorian,DickEnglebergsaid.“Alotoftimestheystayedinjailsbecausethatwasthesafestplacetheycouldstay.”(球員們?cè)诼飞辖?jīng)常被禁止進(jìn)入酒店和餐廳?；@球歷史學(xué)家迪克·恩格爾伯格說(shuō)：“很多時(shí)候他們住在監(jiān)獄里，因?yàn)槟鞘撬麄兡苷业降淖畎踩牡胤??！?”可知，球隊(duì)因種族歧視無(wú)法入住酒店，只能選擇監(jiān)獄作為住宿地點(diǎn)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“TheRensbegantodeclineasitsplayersgotolderandthetensofthousandsofmilesoftravelingtookitstoll,butintime,theywererecognizedfortheimportantroletheyplayedinadvancingblackathletesinbasketball.(文藝復(fù)興隊(duì)（TheRens）開始走向衰落，一方面是因?yàn)殛?duì)員年齡增長(zhǎng)，另一方面是數(shù)萬(wàn)英里的奔波跋涉讓球隊(duì)tookitstoll。但隨著時(shí)間推移，他們因在推動(dòng)黑人運(yùn)動(dòng)員參與籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)中所發(fā)揮的重要作用，獲得了人們的認(rèn)可。)”可知，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的旅行對(duì)球隊(duì)產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響，導(dǎo)致球隊(duì)衰落，“tookitstoll”應(yīng)表示“造成損失、產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中道格拉斯受啟發(fā)后決心組建首支黑人職業(yè)籃球隊(duì)，以及第二段中“Needingapracticespotforhisteam,DouglassoughtcasinoownerWilliamRoach’spermissiontousethedancefloorbeforelatenightdancing,offeringtocoverteamcostsandbearallfinancialrisk.(由于需要為球隊(duì)尋找訓(xùn)練場(chǎng)地，道格拉斯請(qǐng)求賭場(chǎng)老板威廉·羅奇允許他們?cè)谏钜刮钑?huì)前使用舞池，并主動(dòng)提出承擔(dān)球隊(duì)費(fèi)用和所有財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。)”可知，他為球隊(duì)解決場(chǎng)地問(wèn)題并承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，體現(xiàn)責(zé)任感；再結(jié)合球隊(duì)面臨種族歧視、財(cái)務(wù)失敗等諸多困難仍堅(jiān)持下去，且?guī)ьI(lǐng)球隊(duì)取得輝煌成績(jī)，可見(jiàn)他意志堅(jiān)定，因此“有決心且有責(zé)任感”最能描述道格拉斯。故選D項(xiàng)。CThearmbonesofwomenwholived7,000yearsagoshowasurprisinglevelofstrength—evenhigherthantoday’sprofessionalathletes.That’saccordingtoafirsteverstudyparingprehistoricbonestothoseoflivingpeople.Thefindingsuggestsarevisionofhistory—theeverydaylivesofprehistoricwomenwerefilledwithhardlabor,ratherthanjustsittingathomedoinglightertaskswhilethemenstruggledandfoughtforlife.Beforethestudy,therearenoclearrecordsdescribinghowourancientancestorslived.“Itcanbeeasytoforgetthatboneisalivingtissue,onethatrespondstothedifficultiesweputourbodiesthrough,”saidleadauthorAlisonMacintosh.“Physicalforceandmuscleactivitybothputpressureonthebone.Thebonereactsbychanginginshape,thicknessandotheraspectsovertime.”“Previousstudiesonlyparedfemalebonestocontemporarymalebones,”theresearcherssaid,“Andthat’saproblem,becausetheresponseofmalebonestostressandchangeismuchbiggerthanthatofwomen.Forinstance,ashumansmovedfromahuntergathererlifestyleconstantlyonthemovetoamoresettledagrarian(農(nóng)耕的)one,changescanbeobservedinthestructureoftheshinbone(脛骨),andthesechangesweremuchmoreevidentinmen.”However,aparisonofthebonesofprehistoricwomentothebonesoflivingfemaleathletescanhelpusworkoutamoreaccuratepictureofwhatthoseprehistoricwomenweredoing.“Byanalyzingthebonesoflivingpeopleandparingthemtotheancientbones,wecanstarttoexplainthekindsoflaborourancestorswerereforming,”Macintoshsaid.Whattheyfoundwasthatwomen’slegstrengthhasn’tchangedagreatdeal,buttheirarmsusedtobeverypowerful.Prehistoricwomen,theresearchersfound,hadarmstrength1116percentstrongerthanthoseofmodernrowers,and30percentstrongerthanthoseofnonathletes.28.Whatcanweknowaboutprehistoricwomen?A.Theydidtoughtasksasmen. B.Theywerestrongerthanmen.C.Theyhadlighterbonesthanmen. D.Theyspentmosttimestayingathome.29.WhatisParagraph2mainlytalkingaboutconcerningthestudy?A.Itsmethods. B.Itsprocedures.C.Itspotentialimpact. D.Itstheoreticalfoundation.30Whatproblemdidpreviousstudiesonprehistoricboneshave?A.Insufficientsampleparison. B.Mistakesinsampleanalysis.C.Toomuchemphasisonshinbones. D.Impropermethodsofsampling.31.Whyaremodernrowersmentionedinthelastparagraph?A.Toshowtheirmarvellousarmstrength.B.Tostresslaborintensityofprehistoricalwomen.C.Toparetheirstrengthwithprehistoricalwomen’s.D.Toillustratetheiradvantagesovernonathletesinstrength.【答案】28.A29.D30.A31.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)史前女性的手臂骨骼力量驚人，甚至超過(guò)現(xiàn)代專業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thefindingsuggestsarevisionofhistory—theeverydaylivesofprehistoricwomenwerefilledwithhardlabor,ratherthanjustsittingathomedoinglightertaskswhilethemenstruggledandfoughtforlife.(這一發(fā)現(xiàn)表明要對(duì)歷史進(jìn)行修正——史前女性的日常生活充滿了繁重的勞動(dòng)，而不是像男性那樣掙扎求生時(shí)，她們只是坐在家里做些輕松的活。)”可知，史前女性也像男性一樣做著繁重的任務(wù)。故選A。【29題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中““Itcanbeeasytoforgetthatboneisalivingtissue,onethatrespondstothedifficultiesweputourbodiesthrough,”saidleadauthorAlisonMacintosh.“Physicalforceandmuscleactivitybothputpressureonthebone.Thebonereactsbychanginginshape,thicknessandotheraspectsovertime.”(“人們很容易忘記，骨骼是一種活組織，它會(huì)對(duì)我們施加在身體上的各種艱難困苦做出反應(yīng)，”該研究的主要作者艾莉森·麥金托什說(shuō)道，“身體所受的力和肌肉活動(dòng)都會(huì)對(duì)骨骼產(chǎn)生壓力。隨著時(shí)間的推移，骨骼會(huì)通過(guò)改變形狀、厚度和其他方面來(lái)做出反應(yīng)?！?”可知，第二段主要解釋了該研究的理論基礎(chǔ)，即骨骼是如何對(duì)壓力做出反應(yīng)的。故選D?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段““Previousstudiesonlyparedfemalebonestocontemporarymalebones,”theresearcherssaid,“Andthat’saproblem,becausetheresponseofmalebonestostressandchangeismuchbiggerthanthatofwomen.Forinstance,ashumansmovedfromahuntergathererlifestyleconstantlyonthemovetoamoresettledagrarian(農(nóng)耕的)one,changescanbeobservedinthestructureoftheshinbone(脛骨),andthesechangesweremuchmoreevidentinmen.”(研究人員說(shuō)：“以前的研究只是將女性骨骼與當(dāng)代男性骨骼進(jìn)行比較，這是一個(gè)問(wèn)題，因?yàn)槟行怨趋缹?duì)壓力和變化的反應(yīng)比女性大得多。例如，當(dāng)人類從不斷遷徙的狩獵采集生活方式轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦ň拥霓r(nóng)耕生活方式時(shí)，脛骨的結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)發(fā)生變化，而這些變化在男性身上更為明顯?！?”可知，先前的研究在樣本比較上存在問(wèn)題，即只將女性骨骼與當(dāng)代男性骨骼進(jìn)行比較，而忽略了男女骨骼對(duì)壓力和變化的反應(yīng)差異。故選A?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Whattheyfoundwasthatwomen’slegstrengthhasn’tchangedagreatdeal,buttheirarmsusedtobeverypowerful.Prehistoricwomen,theresearchersfound,hadarmstrength1116percentstrongerthanthoseofmodernrowers,and30percentstrongerthanthoseofnonathletes.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，女性的腿部力量并沒(méi)有太大變化，但她們的手臂曾經(jīng)非常有力。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，史前女性的手臂力量比現(xiàn)代劃船者強(qiáng)1116%，比非運(yùn)動(dòng)員強(qiáng)30%。)”可知，最后一段提到現(xiàn)代劃船者是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)史前女性的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，即她們的手臂力量非常強(qiáng)大，甚至超過(guò)了現(xiàn)代劃船者。故選B。DBathinginthesunhasbeenconsideredahealthhazardforatleastfourdecades.Itmainlyesfromultraviolet(UV)light,whichtheSunemitsalongsidevisibleradiation.TherisksUVposesarereal,butanewresearchsuggestsitmaybetimetoconsiderthebenefits.AccordingtoastudypublishedrecentlyinHealthandPlace,increasedUVexposureappearstomakepeoplesignificantlylesslikelytodieofcardiovascular(心血管)diseaseaswellascancer.Toconducttheiranalysis,theresearchersfromtheUniversityofEdinburghuseddatafromover360,000peopleintheUKBiobank,adatabase.TheyidentifiedtwogroupsmorelikelytohavehighUVexposure:thosewhoclaimedtousesunbedsorsunlamps;andthoselivinginsunnierlocations.Tocheckthattheirassumptionsaboutthesubjects’UVexposurewerecorrect,thescientistsalsolookedatvitaminDlevelsinasubsetofbloodsamples.AsvitaminDissynthesisedintheskininthepresenceofcertainformsofUVradiation,itisareliableindicatorofsolarexposure.Theiranalysisshowedthatsunbeduserswere23%lesslikelytodieofcardiovasculardisease,and14%lesslikelytodieofcancer,thannonusers.Similartrendshelddependingonwherepeoplelived.Sunbedusers,inotherwords,livedanaverageof48dayslongerthannonusersoverthe15yearsduringwhichtheywerestudied.TheexactmechanismwherebyUVlightmightlengthenlivesisunknown.TheauthorsbelievepartoftheexplanationmaylieinvitaminD’spetenceinboostingtheimmunesystemandimprovingbonehealth.Theyalsopointtonitricoxide(NO，一氧化氮),apowerfulbloodvesselwidenercapableofreducingtheriskofcardiovasculardisease.ApriorresearchpublishedintheJournalofInvestigativeDermatologyshowedthatNOisreleasedinskincellsthathavemoderateexposuretosomeUVradiation,andsunlighthelpsmoveitintothecirculatorysystems.Butfornow,expertsagreethestudyisnotalicencetostopwearingsuncream.32.Howdoestheauthorpresenttheissueinthefirstparagraph?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bydefiningaconcept.C.Byprovidingalongheldopinion. D.Bymakingparison.33.WhatisemployedtomeasureUVexposure?A.Thelocationsofliving. B.Thelengthofsunbathing.C.Thefrequencyofsunbathing. D.ThelevelofvitaminDinblood.34.WhichmechanismisapossiblewayUVexposurelengthenslife?A.Reducingbonedensity. B.Movingthecirculatorysystem.C.Restrictingtheimmunesystem. D.ReleasingNOtowidenbloodvessels.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthisarticle?A.Sunbathing:RiskingOurSkin. B.UVExposure:BenefitsorNot?C.SunCream:AcureforUVExposure. D.VitaminD:AWaytoLengthenLifespan?【答案】32.C33.D34.D35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了一項(xiàng)研究，研究表明紫外線暴露可能帶來(lái)健康益處，如降低心血管疾病和癌癥死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但具體機(jī)制尚不明確?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Bathinginthesunhasbeenconsideredahealthhazardforatleastfourdecades.(至少四十年來(lái)，曬太陽(yáng)一直被認(rèn)為是一種健康危害。)”可知，作者在第一段通過(guò)提供一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期持有的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)引出話題。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Tocheckthattheirassumptionsaboutthesubjects’UVexposurewerecorrect,thescientistsalsolookedatvitaminDlevelsinasubsetofbloodsamples.AsvitaminDissynthesisedintheskininthepresenceofcertainformsofUVradiation,itisareliableindicatorofsolarexposure.(為了驗(yàn)證他們對(duì)受試者紫外線暴露的假設(shè)是否正確，科學(xué)家們還檢查了一部分血液樣本中的維生素D水平。由于維生素D是在某些形式的紫外線輻射存在的情況下在皮膚中合成的，因此它是太陽(yáng)暴露的一個(gè)可靠指標(biāo)。)”可知，通過(guò)血液中維生素D的水平來(lái)測(cè)量紫外線暴露。故選D。【34題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Theyalsopointtonitricoxide(NO，一氧化氮),apowerfulbloodvesselwidenercapableofreducingtheriskofcardiovasculardisease.ApriorresearchpublishedintheJournalofInvestigativeDermatologyshowedthatNOisreleasedinskincellsthathavemoderateexposuretosomeUVradiation,andsunlighthelpsmoveitintothecirculatorysystems.(他們還指出一氧化氮（NO）是一種強(qiáng)大的血管擴(kuò)張劑，能夠降低心血管疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。發(fā)表在《皮膚病學(xué)研究雜志》上的一項(xiàng)先前研究表明，NO在皮膚細(xì)胞中釋放，這些細(xì)胞受到一定程度的紫外線輻射，陽(yáng)光有助于將其轉(zhuǎn)移到循環(huán)系統(tǒng)。)”可知，釋放一氧化氮擴(kuò)張血管可能是紫外線暴露延長(zhǎng)壽命的一種可能機(jī)制。故選D?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)第一段中“TherisksUVposesarereal,butanewresearchsuggestsitmaybetimetoconsiderthebenefits.(紫外線帶來(lái)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是真實(shí)的，但一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，或許是時(shí)候考慮它的益處了。)”以及最后一段中“TheexactmechanismwherebyUVlightmightlengthenlivesisunknown.(紫外線延長(zhǎng)壽命的確切機(jī)制尚不清楚。)”可知，文章主要討論了紫外線暴露的益處，以及其延長(zhǎng)壽命的可能機(jī)制，但具體機(jī)制尚不明確。因此，選項(xiàng)B“UVExposure:BenefitsorNot?(紫外線暴露：有益還是有害？)”作為文章標(biāo)題最合適。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Afteryearsofdevelopment,protestandregulatoryredtape,thefirstgeneticallymodified(轉(zhuǎn)基因的),nonbrowningapplesunderthebrandArcticApple,willsoongoonsaleintheUnitedStates.____36____Thelimitedsaleisanearlytestrunforthecontroversialapple,whichhasbeengeneticallymodifiedtoridthebrowningthatoccurswhenanappleisbitten,slicedorleftoutintheopenair.Bothsupportersandcriticsofgeneticengineeringsaythattheapplecouldbeaturningpointinthenation’sdebatewithextremeopinionsovergeneticallymodifiedorganisms(GMOs).____37____Yet,theArcticApplewouldbeoneofthefirstGMOsmerciallymarketedtoconsumersasmoreconvenient.____38____Theyalsosayitwillpotentiallyopenthemarkettopinkpineapples,antioxidantenriched(抗氧化)tomatoes,andotherfoodcurrentlyindevelopment.“Ithinkconsumersareveryreadyforapplesthatdon’tgobrown,”saidthefounderofthepanythatmakestheArcticApple,“____39____”GMOcritics,however,saytheyhopeconsumerswillcontinuetodoubttheproduce.TheyexpressthatdespiteagrowingagreementinscientificcirclesthatGMOsrunlittlerisks,environmentalandconsumergroupshavesuccessfullylaunchedcampaignsagainstGMOsoverthepast30years.____40____A.TheyseethisaslessaboutGMandmoreaboutconvenience.B.GMOshaveinthepastbeendefendedasawaytoprotectcrops.C.MostAmericansalreadyconsumealargenumberofGMOseveryday.D.Thistechnologycouldtheoreticallybeappliedlatertoothertreefruits.E.Thefruit,soldslicedandmarketed,couldhitlotsofmidwesterngrocerystores.F.GMOsupporterspredicttheapplecouldopenawholenewtradeinGMproduce.G.TheyhavesuccessfullylimitedtheresearchonGMOcropslikesoybeansandcorn.【答案】36.E37.B38.F39.A40.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹美國(guó)首款轉(zhuǎn)基因防褐變蘋果即將上市，引發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品支持者與批評(píng)者的不同觀點(diǎn)，凸顯其在轉(zhuǎn)基因爭(zhēng)議中的轉(zhuǎn)折意義?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Afteryearsofdevelopment,protestandregulatoryredtape,thefirstgeneticallymodified(轉(zhuǎn)基因的),nonbrowningapplesunderthebrandArcticApple,willsoongoonsaleintheUnitedStates.(經(jīng)過(guò)多年的研發(fā)、抗議和監(jiān)管繁瑣程序，首款北極蘋果品牌的轉(zhuǎn)基因防褐變蘋果即將在美國(guó)上市。)”可知，此空需補(bǔ)充該蘋果上市的具體情況，如銷售形式和范圍。E選項(xiàng)“Thefruit,soldslicedandmarketed,couldhitlotsofmidwesterngrocerystores.(這種切片銷售的水果，可能會(huì)進(jìn)入中西部的許多雜貨店。)”中的“Thefruit”指代北極蘋果，“soldsliced”以及“midwesterngrocerystores”具體說(shuō)明銷售形式和投放范圍，承接上文“即將上市”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選E項(xiàng)。【37題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Bothsupportersandcriticsofgeneticengineeringsaythattheapplecouldbeaturningpointinthenation’sdebatewithextremeopinionsovergeneticallymodifiedorganisms(