定語(yǔ)從句常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤及專(zhuān)項(xiàng)糾正練習(xí)一、引言定語(yǔ)從句是英語(yǔ)復(fù)合句的核心語(yǔ)法之一，通過(guò)關(guān)系詞（代詞或副詞）修飾名詞/代詞（先行詞），實(shí)現(xiàn)信息補(bǔ)充與邏輯銜接。但因?qū)Α跋刃性~-關(guān)系詞-從句成分”的邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)把握不足，學(xué)習(xí)者常陷入語(yǔ)法誤區(qū)。本文系統(tǒng)梳理五大典型錯(cuò)誤，結(jié)合實(shí)例解析與專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)，助力突破學(xué)習(xí)瓶頸。二、常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型及糾正策略（一）關(guān)系詞“代/副”誤用：混淆成分功能本質(zhì)：未明確從句缺失成分（主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)），導(dǎo)致關(guān)系代詞（*that/which/who*等）與關(guān)系副詞（*when/where/why*）誤用。示例1：IvisitedthecitywhichIwasborn.錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)：從句“Iwasborn”中，*born*為不及物動(dòng)詞，需“地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)”（*inthecity*），但*which*是關(guān)系代詞（需作賓語(yǔ)/主語(yǔ)），無(wú)法充任狀語(yǔ)。糾正：IvisitedthecitywhereIwasborn.（或*inwhich*，*where*=*inwhich*）示例2：Thereasonwhyhewaslateisbecausehemissedthebus.錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)：先行詞*reason*表“原因”，但從句中*why*作狀語(yǔ)，主句表語(yǔ)需用*that*（表語(yǔ)從句），而非*because*（重復(fù)表“原因”）。糾正：Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthathemissedthebus.解析：“Thereason...isthat...”為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，*why*引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾*reason*，*that*引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句（無(wú)實(shí)義，僅起連接作用）。（二）介詞搭配失誤：“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的邏輯錯(cuò)位本質(zhì)：介詞選擇（與先行詞/從句動(dòng)詞的搭配）或關(guān)系代詞格（主/賓）使用錯(cuò)誤。示例1：ThepenwiththatIwrotetheletterismissing.錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)：介詞后需用關(guān)系代詞的賓格形式（指物用*which*，指人用*whom*），*that*不能用于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。糾正：ThepenwithwhichIwrotetheletterismissing.解析：“writewiththepen”中*with*與*pen*搭配，故介詞*with*提前，后接*which*（代*pen*，作*with*的賓語(yǔ)）。示例2：Thegirlwhomheistalkingtoherismyclassmate.錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)：*whom*已在從句中作*to*的賓語(yǔ)，多余的“*her*”重復(fù)指代先行詞*girl*。糾正：Thegirlwhomheistalkingtoismyclassmate.（或*towhom*提前：Thegirltowhomheistalkingismyclassmate.）（三）先行詞判斷偏差：被“分隔結(jié)構(gòu)”或“句義邏輯”誤導(dǎo)本質(zhì)：先行詞與從句被其他成分（如插入語(yǔ)、后置短語(yǔ)）隔開(kāi)，或誤將“整個(gè)主句”當(dāng)作先行詞（非限定性從句）。示例1：IlikethenovelbestthatwaswrittenbyLuXun.錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)：先行詞*novel*與從句“*thatwaswritten...*”被“*best*”分隔，易誤判先行詞為“*thenovelbest*”（實(shí)際先行詞是*novel*），且最高級(jí)修飾的先行詞宜用*that*（非限定性從句除外）。糾正：IlikethenovelthatwaswrittenbyLuXunbest.（或調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)：IlikebestthenovelthatwaswrittenbyLuXun.）示例2：Hefailedtheexam,thatmadehismotherangry.錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)：非限定性定語(yǔ)從句（用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)）不能用*that*引導(dǎo)，需用*which*指代“*hefailedtheexam*”整個(gè)事件。糾正：Hefailedtheexam,whichmadehismotherangry.（四）主謂一致疏漏：從句謂語(yǔ)與先行詞“數(shù)”的不匹配本質(zhì)：定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞未與先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。示例：Thebooksthatisonthedeskaremine.錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)：先行詞*books*為復(fù)數(shù)，從句謂語(yǔ)需用復(fù)數(shù)形式*are*，而非單數(shù)*is*。糾正：Thebooksthatareonthedeskaremine.解析：關(guān)系代詞*that/which*在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由先行詞（*books*）決定。（五）從句結(jié)構(gòu)冗余：重復(fù)指代先行詞本質(zhì)：從句中額外添加與關(guān)系詞功能重疊的代詞（如*it/them*）。示例：ThehousewhichIliveinitisveryold.錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)：*which*在從句中作*in*的賓語(yǔ)（*Iliveinthehouse*→*Iliveinwhich*），多余的“*it*”重復(fù)指代*house*。糾正：ThehousewhichIliveinisveryold.（或*inwhich*提前：ThehouseinwhichIliveisveryold.）三、專(zhuān)項(xiàng)糾正練習(xí)（含解析）（一）單句改錯(cuò)（指出錯(cuò)誤并說(shuō)明原因）1.ThemanwhoIspoketohimisadoctor.2.ThisistheschoolwhereIstudiedinit.3.Thedayswhenwespenttogetherareunforgettable.4.Thereasonthathegaveisbecausehewasill.5.Theteamwhichareplayingwellaremyfavorite.（二）練習(xí)解析1.錯(cuò)誤：*him*冗余（*who*已作*to*的賓語(yǔ)）糾正：ThemanwhoIspoketoisadoctor.（或*towhom*提前：ThemantowhomIspokeisadoctor.）2.錯(cuò)誤：*it*冗余（*where/inwhich*已作*in*的賓語(yǔ)）糾正：ThisistheschoolwhereIstudied.（或*inwhich*提前：ThisistheschoolinwhichIstudied.）3.錯(cuò)誤：*when*誤用（*spent*為及物動(dòng)詞，需賓語(yǔ)，故用*which/that*）糾正：Thedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherareunforgettable.4.錯(cuò)誤：*because*誤用（*reason*的表語(yǔ)從句需用*that*）糾正：Thereasonthathegaveisthathewasill.（注：*thathegave*是定語(yǔ)從句，*that*作*gave*的賓語(yǔ)；*is*后是表語(yǔ)從句，用*that*）5.錯(cuò)誤：第一個(gè)*are*誤用（先行詞*team*表“整體”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)）糾正：Theteamwhichisplayingwellismyfavorite.（若*team*表“隊(duì)員”，則用*are*，但語(yǔ)境中“球隊(duì)表現(xiàn)好”更側(cè)重整體）四、總結(jié)定語(yǔ)從句的錯(cuò)誤根