2025年英語(yǔ)（二）考研閱讀理解專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練試卷：真題技巧匯編考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartADirections:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passage1Theconceptof"hygge"(pronouncedhoo-guh),aDanishtermforcozinessandcomfort,hasgainedsignificanttractiongloballyinrecentyears.Oftenassociatedwiththecountry'sreputationforhighlevelsofhappiness,hyggeismorethanjustatrend;itrepresentsaculturalapproachtofindingjoyandcontentmentineverydaylife.ContrarytotherelentlesspursuitofsuccessandmaterialwealthoftenemphasizedinotherWesterncultures,hyggeencouragesmindfulnessandappreciationforsimplepleasures.Centraltothehyggephilosophyistheideaofcreatingawarm,invitingatmospherethroughsimple,tangiblemeans.Thiscaninvolvelightingcandles,burningaromaticwoodenlogsinafireplace,gatheringaroundatablecoveredwithacheckeredtableclothandwarmdrinks,orsimplyenjoyingacupofcoffeeinawell-lit,comfortablespace.Theemphasisisoncreatingasenseofintimacyandwell-being,oftenachievedthroughsharedexperienceswithlovedones.Proponentsarguethatthepracticeofhyggeofferstangiblebenefitsformentalhealth.Inaworldfilledwithconstantstimulationandpressure,hyggeencouragesaslowdown,adeliberateshiftawayfromthehustleandbustle.Thisintentionalslowingdowncanhelpreducestress,improvemood,andfosteragreatersenseofconnectionwithothersandwithone'ssurroundings.It'saboutfindingbeautyinthesmallthingsandcultivatingafeelingofbeingsecurelywrappedupinwarmthandcomfort.Astheglobalclimatecontinuestochange,thereisalsoagrowingenvironmentalconsciousnesssurroundinghygge.Traditionalhyggepractices,suchasburningwood,arebeingreconsideredthroughthelensofsustainability.Manyareadaptingtheconcepttobemoreeco-friendly,focusingonreusablecandles,energy-efficientlighting,andsourcingmaterialsthoughtfully.Thisevolutionensuresthatthepursuitofcozinesscanalignwithacommitmenttoenvironmentalresponsibility.Passage2Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)andmachinelearning(ML)hasplacedtheworldonthecuspofatechnologicalrevolution,promisingunprecedentedadvancementsacrossnumeroussectors.Fromenhancinghealthcarediagnosticstooptimizingsupplychainsandpoweringautonomousvehicles,thepotentialapplicationsseemlimitless.However,alongsidetheseimmenseopportunities,significantethicalchallengesandsocietalconcernsareemerging,demandingcarefulconsiderationandproactivemanagement.Oneoftheprimaryethicaldilemmasrevolvesarounddataprivacyandsecurity.AIsystems,particularlythosebasedonmachinelearning,relyonvastamountsofdatafortrainingandoperation.Thisrelianceraisescriticalquestionsaboutthecollection,storage,andusageofpersonalinformation.Issuessuchasalgorithmicbias,whereAIsystemscaninadvertentlyperpetuateoramplifyexistingsocietalbiasespresentinthedatatheyaretrainedon,poseanothersignificantchallenge.Suchbiasescanleadtounfairordiscriminatoryoutcomesinareaslikehiring,lending,andcriminaljustice.ThepotentialimpactofAIonemploymentisalsoamajorpointofcontention.WhileAIisexpectedtoautomatecertaintasksandpotentiallydisplacesomejobs,italsoholdsthepromiseofcreatingnewjobcategoriesandboostingproductivity.Thechallengeliesinmanagingthistransitionsmoothly.Ensuringworkforceresiliencethrougheducationandreskillingprograms,andaddressingpotentialincomeinequalityexacerbatedbyautomation,willbecrucialforsocietalstability.Furthermore,theverydefinitionofintelligenceandconsciousnessinthecontextofmachinesraisesprofoundphilosophicalquestions.AsAIsystemsbecomeincreasinglysophisticated,capableofcomplexreasoningandevencreativetasks,questionsariseabouttheirsentienceandrights.DeterminingtheappropriateethicalframeworkforinteractingwithandregulatingincreasinglyadvancedAIsystemswillbeessentialtoensuretheybenefithumanitywithoutcausingunintendedharm.Passage3Urbanizationisanundeniableforceshapingthemodernworld,withmillionsmigratingtocitiesinsearchofbetteropportunities,education,andservices.Thiscontinuousinfluxofpeopletransformsurbanlandscapesatanacceleratingpace,presentingbothexcitingprospectsandformidablechallengesforcityplannersandpolicymakers.Whilecitiesareoftenconsideredhubsofinnovation,economicgrowth,andculturaldiversity,theirrapidexpansioncanstraininfrastructure,housing,andenvironmentalresources.Oneofthemostpressingissuesassociatedwithrapidurbanizationisthepressureonhousing.Thedemandforresidentialspaceoftenoutpacessupply,leadingtotheproliferationofinformalsettlements,increasedhousingcosts,andsignificantsocialinequalities.Thesechallengesnotonlyaffectthequalityoflifeforresidentsbutalsocreatevulnerabilities,particularlyinthefaceofnaturaldisastersoreconomicdownturns.Providingaffordableandadequatehousingforagrowingurbanpopulationisacomplextaskrequiringinnovativesolutionsandsustainedinvestment.Theenvironmentalimpactofurbanizationcannotbeoverstated.Theconcentrationofpeopleandactivitiesinalimitedarealeadstoincreasedpollution,consumptionofnaturalresources,andgenerationofwaste.Issuessuchasairandwaterpollution,heatislandeffects,andlossofgreenspacesaredirectconsequencesofurbandensity.Managingtheseenvironmentalchallengesrequiresintegratedurbanplanningthatprioritizessustainability,includinginvestmentsinpublictransportation,greenbuildingpractices,andurbangreenspacestomitigatethenegativeenvironmentalexternalitiesofcityliving.Socialdynamicsalsoundergosignificanttransformationsduringperiodsofrapidurbanization.Theinfluxofdiversepopulationscanfosterculturalexchangeandcreativitybutalsoleadtosocialfragmentation,segregation,andconflicts.Buildinginclusivecitiesthatcatertotheneedsofallresidents,regardlessoftheirbackground,incomelevel,orsocialstatus,iscrucialforsocialcohesionandstability.Thisinvolvescreatingaccessiblepublicservices,ensuringequitableaccesstoopportunities,andfosteringasenseofcommunityamongdiverseurbaninhabitants.Passage4Theinternet,onceanovelcommunicationtool,hasfundamentallyreshapedhowhumansinteract,work,andconsumeinformation.Itstransformationfromanicheacademicprojectintoaubiquitousglobalnetworkhasbeenoneofthemostsignificanttechnologicalshiftsofthelate20thandearly21stcenturies.Whileofferingunprecedentedconnectivityandaccesstoinformation,thepervasivenatureoftheinternetalsopresentsuniquechallengesrelatedtoprivacy,security,andtheveryfabricofsociety.Perhapsthemostsignificantimpactoftheinternethasbeenoncommunication.Email,socialmediaplatforms,instantmessaging,andvideoconferencinghaverevolutionizedhowpeopleconnectacrossdistances,enablingreal-timeinteractionregardlessofgeographicalbarriers.Thishasprofoundimplicationsforpersonalrelationships,businessoperations,andglobalcollaboration.However,thisconstantconnectivityalsobringstheriskofsuperficialinteractionsandthepotentialerosionofdeep,meaningfulconnections.Informationaccessibilityisanothermajorconsequenceoftheinternet'sproliferation.Theabilitytoinstantlyaccessavastrepositoryofinformationhasdemocratizedknowledgetoanunprecedenteddegree.Studentscanresearchglobalissues,professionalscanaccessspecializeddatabases,andenthusiastscanexplorecountlesssubjects.Yet,thisabundanceofinformationalsopresentsthechallengeofdiscerningcrediblesourcesfrommisinformationanddisinformation.Theeasewithwhichfalsenarrativescanspreadonlineposesasignificantthreattoinformeddiscourseandpublictrust.Theeconomiclandscapehasalsobeendramaticallyalteredbytheinternet.Theriseofe-commercehasdisruptedtraditionalretailmodels,forcingbusinessestoadapttoonlineplatformsanddirect-to-consumersales.Theinternethasalsocreatedentirelyneweconomicsectorsandjobrolescenteredarounddigitaltechnologies,contentcreation,andonlineservices.Whileofferingnewopportunities,ithasalsocontributedtothegigeconomyandconcernsaboutjobsecurityandworkerrightsinthedigitalage.PartBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithfivestatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationaboutoneoftheparagraphsinthepassage.Youarerequiredtodecideonthecorrectparagraphfromwhichtheinformationineachstatementwasderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.MarkyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.[A]Theinternethasfundamentallyalteredhumaninteractionbyenablingglobalconnectivitythroughvariousonlineplatforms.[B]Rapidurbanizationstrainsurbaninfrastructureandenvironmentalresources,necessitatingsustainableplanning.[C]Theconceptofhyggeemphasizesfindingjoyinsimplepleasuresandcreatingacozyatmosphereforwell-being.[D]Artificialintelligencepresentsbothopportunitiesforadvancementandsignificantethicalchallengesregardingdataandbias.[E]Accesstovastinformationviatheinternethasdemocratizedknowledgebutalsointroducedchallengesinsourceverification.試卷答案--------------------------------------------------PartA1.C2.A3.B4.D5.E6.B7.D8.C9.A10.C11.E12.B13.D14.A15.C--------------------------------------------------PartB1.A2.B3.C4.D5.E--------------------------------------------------解析思路--------------------------------------------------PartA1.C-短文首段即提出hygge是一種文化方法，旨在日常生活中尋找快樂(lè)和滿(mǎn)足，強(qiáng)調(diào)簡(jiǎn)單樂(lè)趣。選項(xiàng)C概括了核心概念。2.A-短文第二段詳細(xì)描述了hygge的實(shí)踐方式，如點(diǎn)蠟燭、圍爐、共進(jìn)晚餐等，旨在營(yíng)造溫暖邀請(qǐng)的氛圍。選項(xiàng)A概括了此段內(nèi)容。3.B-短文第三段討論hygge對(duì)心理健康的好處，指出它通過(guò)放慢節(jié)奏減少壓力，促進(jìn)連接感。選項(xiàng)B概括了此段關(guān)于益處的核心信息。4.D-短文第四段探討了hygge的環(huán)保演變和適應(yīng)性，處理了傳統(tǒng)實(shí)踐的環(huán)境問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)D概括了此段關(guān)于挑戰(zhàn)和適應(yīng)的核心。5.E-短文第二段提到通過(guò)共享體驗(yàn)創(chuàng)造親密感和幸福感，第三段提到在舒適空間中享受飲品，暗示了人與人之間的連接和共享。選項(xiàng)E概括了此方面的核心信息。6.B-短文第三段明確提到快速城市化給住房帶來(lái)壓力，導(dǎo)致低成本住房激增