國開(中央電大)?？啤堕_放英語2》網(wǎng)上形考試題及答案1.單項選擇（每題1分，共20分）1.—Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?—________.A.Yes,pleaseB.OfcoursenotC.NevermindD.No,Iwouldn’t答案：B2.Themanagerpromisedtokeepme________ofanychangesintheschedule.A.informingB.informedC.toinformD.inform答案：B3.Bythetimewegottothestation,thetrain________.A.leftB.hasleftC.hadleftD.leaves答案：C4.Thereportiswellwritten________afewspellingmistakes.A.exceptB.exceptforC.besidesD.apart答案：B5.IfI________earlier,Iwouldn’thavemissedtheopportunity.A.hadappliedB.appliedC.applyD.wouldapply答案：A6.Theteacheraskedthestudents________noiseinclass.A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.nottomakeD.notmaking答案：C7.Idon’tknowthereason________sheleftthecompany.A.thatB.whyC.whichD.forwhich答案：B8.Themoreyoupractice,________youwillbecome.A.thefluentB.themorefluentC.themostfluentD.thefluently答案：B9.Hesuggestedthatthemeeting________tillnextFriday.A.isputoffB.beputoffC.willbeputoffD.putsoff答案：B10.Notuntilthemeetingended________thathehadleftthedocumentathome.A.herealizedB.didherealizeC.hehadrealizedD.washerealized答案：B11.Thefactorywasclosedforfailingto________thesafetyregulations.A.complywithB.correspondtoC.consistofD.comparewith答案：A12.I’dratheryou________methetruthnowthankeepmewaiting.A.tellB.toldC.hadtoldD.willtell答案：B13.Thepopulationofthecityistwice________itwastenyearsago.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.as答案：B14.Themanagerspokehighlyofsuch________loyalty,courageandhonesty.A.featuresB.characteristicsC.qualitiesD.quantities答案：C15.Hardly________whenthephonerangagain.A.hadIleftB.IhadleftC.IleftD.didIleave答案：A16.Thebookissaid________intotwentylanguagessofar.A.totranslateB.tobetranslatedC.tohavebeentranslatedD.beingtranslated答案：C17.Weneedtofindanewwayto________thechallengebroughtbythepandemic.A.dealwithB.setasideC.putawayD.takeover答案：A18.ThefilmwassotouchingthatIcouldhardly________mytears.A.holdbackB.holdonC.holdupD.holdout答案：A19.Theprojectrequires________carefullybeforewemakethefinaldecision.A.toconsiderB.beingconsideredC.consideringD.tobeconsidered答案：D20.Itwasinthelab________wasbuiltlastyear________thestudentsmadethediscovery.A.that;thatB.which;whichC.that;whichD.which;that答案：A2.完形填空（每題1分，共15分）通讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從各題所給的四個選項中選出最佳答案。LastsummerItookatriptoaremotemountainvillage.Thejourneywaslong,butthescenerywasbreathtaking.Asthebuswounditswayupward,Inoticedthehousesbecame21andtheaircooler.WhenIfinallysteppedoffthebus,Iwas22bythesilenceoftheplace.Nohonking,noshouting—onlythewindthroughthepines.IhadarrangedtostaywithanoldcarpenternamedMr.Zhou.Hishouse,builtentirelyofwood,smelledofresinandtea.Thefirstevening,he23metoasimpledinnerofcorncakeandwildvegetables.Afterward,wesatontheporch.Firefliesdriftedliketinylanterns,andMr.Zhoubegantotalkaboutthevillage’s24.Fiftyyearsago,theonlypathwasanarrowtrail25bymulesonceaweek.Electricityarrivedonlyin1992.“Changeisslowhere,”hesaid,“butitcomessurely.”ThenextmorningI26towatchhimcarveabench.Eachmovementwasdeliberate,almostmeditative.Hetoldmethatwood“remembers”theseasonsitlived,andagoodcarpentermust27itsstory.Iranmyfingersalongthegrain;itfeltlikereadingBraille.InthatmomentIunderstoodwhypeoplespeakof“alive”wood.OnthethirddayIjoinedthevillagechildrentopickwildtealeavesontheslope.Theymovedlikegoats,28steeppatchesIcouldbarelyclimb.Theirlaughterechoedagainststoneterracesbuiltcenturiesago.Atduskwecarriedfullbasketsback.Thevillagewomenfiredhugewoksoverwoodflames,roastingtheleavesuntilthey29adeepjade.Thearomawrappedthewholelane,andeventhedogsseemed30.LeavingwasharderthanIexpected.Mr.Zhou31atinywoodenswallowinmypalm.“Formemory,”hesaid.Asthebusdescended,Iclutchedit,feelingthecurvehehadsandedsmooth.Thecitynoisesreturnedgradually,butsomethinginsidemestayed32,asifIhadleftalayerofbreathamongthepines.Weekslater,backinmyapartment,Icaughtthescentof33driftingfromacolleague’scup.Instantlythemountainreappeared:theredsoil,themist,thecarpenter’squieteyes.Irealizedthenthattraveldoesnotmerely34distance;itplantsinvisibleseeds.Whentherightbreezeblows,they35intosudden,vividmemory.21.A.scatteredB.crowdedC.modernD.identical22.A.struckB.knockedC.seizedD.disturbed23.A.treatedB.servedC.providedD.supplied24.A.futureB.sceneryC.pastD.climate25.A.crossedB.blockedC.guardedD.crossed26.A.volunteeredB.managedC.offeredD.persuaded27.A.reviseB.respectC.rejectD.retell28.A.skippingB.slidingC.slippingD.skimming29.A.turnedB.dyedC.paintedD.became30.A.sleepyB.thirstyC.hungryD.restless31.A.handedB.threwC.tuckedD.pressed32.A.behindB.aheadC.asideD.aloft33.A.coffeeB.pineC.teaD.smoke34.A.measureB.coverC.shortenD.extend35.A.bloomB.rotC.shrinkD.vanish答案：21-25AABCA26-30ABAAA31-35DACBA3.閱讀理解（每題2分，共30分）A篇In2019,researchersattheUniversityofLeedslaunchedayear-longstudynicknamed“TheHiddenLifeofBuses.”Theyfitted30citybuseswithtinycamerasandsensors,aimingtounderstandhowpublictransportbecomesamovingtheaterofhumanbehavior.Over12months,theteamcollected18terabytesoffootage,capturingeverythingfromclandestineknittingclubstoimpromptuchoirrehearsals.Onestrikingfindinginvolvedthe“rippleseat.”Whenapassengerplacedabagontheseatbesidehim,othersfollowedsuitwithinthreestops,evenifthebuslateremptied.Psychologistscallthis“socialproof,”butonabusitmutates:peopleimitatenotoutofadmirationbutoutofsilentrelief—someoneelsehasestablishedtherules.Conversely,ifthefirstpassengermovedbagspromptly,87%ofsubsequentridersdidthesame,provingthatsmallcuescansteercollectivecourtesy.Thedataalsorevealed“acousticbubbles.”Commuterswearingidenticalheadphonebrandsunconsciouslysynchronizedvolumelevels,creatingpocketsofsharedrhythm.Whentwobubblesoverlapped,temporarymicro-communitiesformed:strangersnoddedintime,occasionallyswappingplaylists.Theresearchersconcludedthaturbanlonelinessisnottheabsenceofpeoplebuttheabsenceofpermissiontointeract.Abus,paradoxically,cangrantthatpermissionbecauseeveryoneisbothaudienceandperformer,freedbytheknowledgethatdepartureisonlyminutesaway.36.ThemainpurposeoftheLeedsstudywasto________.A.improvebusdesignB.recordcriminalactsC.explorehumanbehaviorD.testnewsensors答案：C37.The“rippleseat”phenomenonshowsthatpeopletendto________.A.avoideyecontactB.followestablishedexamplesC.valuepersonalspaceD.distruststrangers答案：B38.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“clandestine”inparagraph1probablymean?A.secretB.illegalC.famousD.creative答案：A39.Accordingtothepassage,urbanlonelinessstemsfrom________.A.noisytrafficB.crowdedvehiclesC.lackofinteractionD.longdistances答案：C40.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthetoneofthepassage?A.humorousB.criticalC.informativeD.sentimental答案：CB篇Everyautumn,thevillageofDongyanginZhejiangprovinceperformsanunusualritual:villagerscoatfreshlycutbamboopoleswithrivermudmixedbybarefeet.Forthreeweeks,thepolesareturneddaily,sun-dried,thenbakedinkilnsfueledbycoconuthusks.Theresultisneitherscaffoldingnorartworkbutthemainingredientofdongyangbambooyogurt,afermenteddrinkdatingbacktotheSongDynasty.Themud,richinlactobacillus,servesasanaturalprobioticjacket.Asthebamboocures,itsinnerstarchconvertstosugar,whichthebacteriafeastupon,producinglacticacidthatlendstheyogurtitstrademarktang.Beforeplastic,bamboosegmentsfunctionedassterilecartridges;yogurtcouldbetransportedwithoutspoilageforweeks,sustainingtradersalongtheGrandCanal.Today,onlytwelveeldersmasterthetechnique.Theyrefusestainless-steelvats,claimingmetal“killsthebamboo’sbreath.”Instead,theycarveminiaturespoutsintoeachnode,allowingcarbondioxidetoescapewhilepreventingoxygenentry.Thefinalproductispouredintoclaycupstoasteduntiltheygleamlikebronze.First-timetastersoftendescribeaneffervescentliftreminiscentofchampagne,followedbyalingeringnoteoftoastedrice.Yetdemandisdwindling.AfactoryoutsideHangzhounowmass-produces“bambooyogurt”inplasticpoucheswithin48hours,usingfreeze-driedcultures.Itsellsforone-thirdthepriceandshipsworldwide.Theeldersshrug:“Ourstakestheseasonsaspartners;theirstakesshortcuts.”Still,theyteachanyvisitorwillingtostompmudbarefoot,believingthatmemory,likefermentation,needstimetosourintowisdom.41.Thebambooiscoatedwithrivermudmainlyto________.A.colorthesurfaceB.introducebacteriaC.hardenthetextureD.reduceweight答案：B42.Comparedwithplasticpouches,traditionalbamboosegments________.A.shortenshelflifeB.addcarbonationC.keepyogurtlongerD.increasesugar答案：C43.Theeldersrejectstainlesssteelbecausetheythinkit________.A.rustseasilyB.altersflavorC.coststoomuchD.conductsheat答案：B44.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthefutureofdongyangbambooyogurt?A.Itwilldisappearcompletely.B.Itmaysurvivethroughenthusiasts.C.Itwillreplaceindustrialbrands.D.Ithasalreadybecomemuseumrelic.答案：B45.Whichproverbbestmatchestheelders’attitude?A.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.B.Morehaste,lessspeed.C.Astitchintimesavesnine.D.Outofsight,outofmind.答案：BC篇In1978,apoweroutageleftNewYorkCityblackfor25hours.Whenlightsreturned,psychologistsfoundthatcrimerateshaddropped26%belowaverageforthefollowingweek.Researchersdubbedthisthe“mercydarkness,”hypothesizingthatsharedvulnerabilityfosteredcommunalguard.Fourdecadeslater,ateamatNanyangTechnologicalUniversitytestedthehypothesisbysimulatingbrownoutsinselectedSingaporehigh-riseestates.Surprisingly,crimefiguresbarelybudged.Thedifference,theyargued,laynotindarknessbutinduration:NewYork’sblackoutwaslongenoughtoforceneighborstocoordinate—sharingcandles,food,stories—yetshortenoughtofeeltemporary.Singapore’scontrolledbrownouts,lastingundertwohours,merelyinconveniencedresidentswhoretreatedtophonescreens.Thestudyconcludesthattrustgrowsnotfromdangeritselfbutfromtheintervalwhenpeoplejointlynegotiateuncertainty.Darknessisacanvas;onlywhentheoutagelastslongenoughtoeraseroutinedistractionsdoindividualsrepaintsocialcontracts.Theimplicationextendsbeyondcrime:anydisruption—flood,strike,pandemic—caneitherfractureorfuseacommunity,dependingonwhetheritallowstimeforreciprocalaidtobecomehabit.46.The1978blackoutcausedcrimeto________.A.surgeB.fallC.shiftD.reset答案：B47.Singapore’sbrownoutsdifferedfromNewYork’smainlyin________.A.seasonB.durationC.locationD.mediacoverage答案：B48.Theword“fracture”inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto________.A.strengthenB.splitC.softenD.renew答案：B49.Accordingtothepassage,trustemergeswhenpeople________.A.faceuncertaintytogetherB.avoiddangerC.usetechnologyD.obeylaws答案：A50.Whichtitlebestsummarizesthepassage?A.TheEconomicsofBlackoutsB.DarknessandSocialGlueC.CrimeintheDigitalAgeD.UrbanPlanningDisasters答案：B4.詞匯與語法填空（每題1分，共15分）用括號中所給詞的正確形式填空，使短文意思通順、結(jié)構(gòu)正確。Inrecentdecades,urbanplannershaveincreasinglyturnedto“greeninfrastructure”—livingsystemsthat51(mimic)naturalprocessestomanagestormwater,reduceheat,andimproveairquality.Unliketraditionalpipesandconcrete,thesesolutionsgrow52(effective)overtime.Asinglematureoakcanabsorbover40,000litersofrainfallannually,53(prevent)sewersfromoverflowing.Moreover,vegetation54(lower)ambienttemperaturesthroughevapotranspiration,cuttingcoolingcostsbyupto30%.Yetimplementationremainsuneven.Indensecities,spaceisscarceandlandprices55(skyrocket).Toovercomethis,plannersproposeverticalforests—towerswhosebalconieshosttreesandshrubs.Criticsarguethatsuchprojectsmerelyexport56(maintain)coststobuildingmanagers,whomaylackbotanicalexpertise.Indeed,withoutpropercare,plantsbecomestressed,57(attract)pestsandnegatingenvironmentalgains.Amiddlepathexists:modularsystems.Plantersfittedwithsensorsmonitorsoilmoisture,58(relay)datatocloudplatformsthattriggerirrigationonlywhenneeded.Thesesmartpotsreducewateruseby45%while59(ensure)planthealth.Becausemodulesaredetachable,theycanbe60(relocate)assunanglesshiftwithnewhigh-rises,preservinginvestment.Ultimately,greeninfrastructuremustbe61(design)notasornamentbutasorganism.Likeanylivingthing,itrequires62(patient),feedback,andadaptation.Citiesthatembracethismindsetwillfind63(they)notonlygreenerbutalsomoreresilient.Theupfrontcostmayexceedthatofconventionalgutters,yetthelong-termsavings—measuredin64(reduce)flooddamage,hospitaladmissions,andenergybills—offeracompellingreturn.Perhapsthetruemetricofsuccessiswhencitizens65(cease)tonoticetheinfrastructurebecauseitfeelslikenatureitself.答案：51.mimic52.moreeffective53.preventing54.lowers55.areskyrocketing/haveskyrocketed56.maintenance57.attracting58.relaying59.ensuring60.relocated61.designed62.patience63.themselves64.reduced65.cease5.英譯漢（每題3分，共15分）66.Thealgorithmflagssuspicioustransactionsinmilliseconds,butittakesahumantoaskwhyagrandmotherinaruralvillagesuddenlyboughttensmartphonesat3a.m.算法在毫秒內(nèi)標記可疑交