GMAT(VERBAL)邏輯推理模擬試卷

20

一、邏輯推理(本題共24題，每題7.0分，共24分。)

1、TheSumptontowncouncilrecentlyvotedtopayaprominentartisttocreatean

abstractsculptureforthetownsquare.Criticsofthisdecisionprotestedthattown

residentstendtodislikemostabstractart,andanyartinthetownsquareshouldreflect

theirtastes.Butatowncouncilspokespersondismissedthiscriticism,pointingoutthat

otherpublicabstractsculpturesthatthesamesculptorhasinstalledinothercitieshave

beenextremelypopularwiththosecities,localresidents.Thestatementsabovemost

stronglysuggestthatthemainpointofdisagreementbetweenthecriticsandthe

spokespersoniswhether

A^itwouldhavebeenreasonabletoconsulttownresidentsonthedecision

B,mostSumptonresidentswillfindthenewsculpturetotheirtaste

C、abstractsculpturesbythesamesculptorhavetrulybeenpopularinothercities

D^amoretraditionalsculptureinthetownsquarewouldbepopularamonglocal

residents

E、publicartthattheresidentsofSumptonwouldfinddesirablewouldprobablybe

founddesirablebytheresidentsofothercities

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：ArgumentConstructionSituationAftertheSumptontowncouncilvotedto

payaprominentsculptorlocreateanabstractsculptureforthetownsquare,critics

protestedthedecision.Atowncouncilspokespersonrespondedtothecritics.Reasoning

Whatdothecriticsandthespokespersonmainlydisagreeabout?Thecriticsarguethat

Sumptonresidentsdislikemostabstractartandthatartinthetownsquareshouldreflect

theirtaste.Sincethecriticsareprotestingthetowncouncifsdecision,theyareclearly

inferringfromtheresidents'generalattitudetowardabstractartthattheresidentswill

dislikethespecificsculpturetheprominentsculptorwillcreate.Thespokespersonreplies

byarguingthatinothercities,sculpturesbythesamesculptorhavebeenverypopular

withlocalresidents.Thespokespersonimplicitlyinfersfromthisthatthesculpturethe

prominentsculptorwillcreateforSumptonwillbepopularwithSumptonresidents—and

thereforethatthecriticsaremistaken.ANeitherthecriticsnorthespokesperson

mentionsconsultationwiththetownresidentsonthedecision.BCorrect.Asexplained

above,thecriticsraisepointsimplicitlysuggestingthattheresidentswilldislikethe

sculpture,whereasthespokespersonrespondswithapointimplicitlysupportingthe

oppositeconclusion.CThecriticscouldconcedethatthesculptor'sworkhasbeen

popularinothercities,butnonethelessholdthatSumptonresidentshavedifferenttastes

fromthoseoftheothercities,residents.DThespokespersongivesnoindication

regardingtheattitudesofSumptonresidentsregardingtraditionalsculpture.EItmaybe

thatneitherthecriticsnorthespokespersonholdsthisview.Thespokespersonmayhold

thatSumptonresidentsarceasiertopleasethanresidentsofmostothercities,whereasthe

criticsmayholdthatSumptonresidentsarefarmoretraditionalintheirtastesthanother

cities'residents.ThecorrectanswerisB.

2、Jay:Ofcoursetherearemanygoodreasonstosupporttheexpansionofpreventive

medicalcare,butargumentsclaimingthatitwillleadtogreatersocietaleconomicgains

aremisguided.Someofthegreatestsocietalexpensesarisefromfrequenturgent-care

needsforpeoplewhohaveattainedalonglifeduetopreventivecare.Sunil:Your

argumentfailsbecauseyouneglecteconomicgainsoutsidethehealthcaresystem:

societysuitersaneconomiclosswhenanyofitsproductivememberssutlerpreventable

illnesses.Sunil'sresponsetoJaymakeswhichofthefollowingassumptions?

A^Thosewhoreceivepreventivecarearenotmorelikelytoneedurgentcarethanare

thosewhodonotreceivepreventivecare.

B、Jayintendsthephrase"economicgains"toreferonlytogainsaccruingtoinstitutions

withinthehealthcaresystem.

C、Productivemembersofsocietyarcmorelikelythanotherstosufferpreventable

illnesses.

D、Theeconomiccontributionsofthosewhoreceivepreventivemedicalcaremay

outweightheeconomiclossescausedbypreventivecare.

E^Jayisincorrectinstatingthatpatientswhoreceivepreventivemedicalcarearelong-

lived.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：ArgumentConstructionSituationSomeofthegreatestsocietalexpenses

arisefromfrequenturgent-careneedsforpeoplewhohavereachedoldagethanksto

preventivemedicalcare.Butsocietyalsosufferseconomiclosswhenmyofits

productivememberssufferpreventableillnesses.ReasoningWhatisSunilassumingin

hisargumentthatJaysargumcntfhilstJayimpliesthatbyhelpingpeoplelivelonger,

expandingpreventivemedicalcaremayactuallyincreasetheamountofurgentmedical

carepeopleneedoverthecourseoftheirlives,andthatsocietalexpenseslorthis

additionalurgentcaremayequalorexceedanysocietaleconomicbenefitsfrom

expandingpreventivecare.Sunilrespondsbyimplyingthatexpandingpreventivecare

wouldallowsocietytoavoideconomiclossesfromlostproductivitycausedby

preventableillnesses.InorderfbrSunifsargumenttoestablishthatJay'sargumentfails,

thepotentialeconomicbenefitsthatSunilimplieswouldarisefromexpandedpreventive

caremustbegreaterthantheeconomiclossesfromtheincreasedneedforurgentcare

thatJaypointsout.AThisisnotanassumptionthatunderpinsSuniTssuggestionthatthe

societaleconomicbenefitsfromexpandedpreventivecaremayexceedanyresulting

economiclossesfromurgentcare.BIfJayintendsthephrase"economicgains"torefer

onlytogainswithinthehealthcaresystem,thenSunil'spointabouteconomicgains

outsidethehealthcaresystemisnotevenrelevanttoJay'sargumentabouteconomic

gainswithinit.CEvenifproductivemembersofsocietyarcnotmorelikelythanothers

tosufferpreventableillnesses,itstillmaybetrue,asSunilsuggests,thattheeconomic

benefitsofpreventingproductivemembersofsocietyfromsufferingthoseillnessesmay

outweightheeconomiclossesofdoingso.Inthatcase,Jay'sargumentcouldstillfailin

thewaySunilindicates.DCorrect.SunilmustassumethisinordertorebutJay's

argument.Asexplainedabove,iftheeconomiccontributionsofthosereceiving

preventivecaredefinitelydonotoutweightheeconomiclossescausedbypreventive

care,thenSuniTsimplicitpointthatexpandingpreventivecarewouldhelptopreventthe

lossofsuchcontributionsisinsufficienttorebutJay'sargument.EWhetherJayiscorrect

orincorrectinthisrespect,SunilmaybecorrectthatJay'sargumentfailsbecauseJayhas

neglectedtoconsiderhowpreventivecareproduceslargereconomicgainsoutsidethe

healthcaresystem.ThecorrectanswerisD.

3、Borealowlsrangeoveramuchlargerareathandootherowlsofsimilarsize.The

reasonforthisbehaviorisprobablythatthesmallmammalsonwhichowlsfeedare

especiallyscarceintheforestswhereborealowlslive,andtherelativescarcityofprey

requirestheowlstorangemoreextensivelytofindsufficientfood.Whichofthe

following,iftrue,mosthelpstoconfirmtheexplanationabove?

A、Someborealowlsrangeoveranareaeighttimeslargerthantheareaoverwhichany

otherowlofsimilarsizeranges.

Borealowlsrangeoverlargerareasinregionswherefoodofthesorteatenbysmall

mammalsissparsethantheydoinregionswheresuchfoodisabundant.

C、Aftertheiryounghatch,borealowlsmusthuntmoreoftenthanbeforeinorderto

feedboththemselvesandtheirnewlyhatchedyoung.

D^Sometimesindividualborealowlshuntnearasinglelocationformanyweeksata

timeanddonotrangefartherthanafewhundredyards.

E、Theborealowlrequireslessfood,relativetoitsweight,thanisrequiredbymembers

ofotherowlspecies.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：ArgumentEvaluationSituationThesmallmammalsonwhichowlsprey

arerelativelyscarceintheforestswhereborealowlslive.Thatiswhyborealowlsrange

moreextensivelythandoother,similarlysizedowlsinsearchoffood.ReasoningWhich

choice,iftrue,wouldmosthelpconfirmtheproposedexplanation?Onewaytoconfirm

anexplanationisbyfindingfurtherinformationthatonewouldexpecttobetrueifthe

explanationisvalid.Iftheexplanationinthepassageisvalid,thenonewouldexpectthat

variationsinthepopulationdensityofavailablesmall-animalpreyforborealowlswould

beaccompaniedbyvariationsintherangesoftheborealowls.Naturallythepopulation

densityofavailablesmall-animalpreyislikelytobeaffectedbyhowplentifulfoodisfor

thosesmallanimals.AThecomparisonbetweendifferentgroupsofborealowlsisnot

relevanttothecomparisonbetweenborealowlsandotherowls.BCorrect.Thisindicates

thatabundanceoffoodfbrtheborealowls'small-animalpreyinanarea(andtherefore

abundanceofsmallanimalsinthatarea)correlateswithasmallerrangefortheboreal

owlsthere.Thisstrengthenstheproposedexplanation.CThisoptionconcernsa

correlationbetweenowls'needfbrfoodandthefrequencywithwhichowlshunt,

whereasthephenomenondescribedinthepassageandtheproposedexplanationhaveto

dowiththerangeoverwhichowlshunt.DIfoneweretoassumethatborealowlsnever

huntnearasinglelocationforweeks,thatwouldinnowayunderminetheproposed

explanation.EIfanything,thisoptiontendstounderminetheproposedexplanation,

becauseitsuggeststhepossibilitythatborealowlsneednotmakeupfbrtherelative

scarcityofpreyintheirhabitatsbyrangingoverlargerareas.ThecorrectanswerisB.

4、Microbiologist:AlethalstrainofsalmonellarecentlyshowedupinaEuropean

country,causinganoutbreakofillnessthatkilledtwopeopleandinfectedtwenty-seven

others.Investigatorsblametheseverityoftheoutbreakontheoveruseofantibiotics,

sincethesalmonellabacteriatestedwereshowntobedrug-resistant.Butthisisunlikely

becausepatientsinthecountrywheretheoutbreakoccurredcannotobtainantibioticsto

treatillnesswithoutaprescription,andthecountry'sdoctorsprescribeantibioticsless

readilythandodoctorsinanyotherEuropeancountry.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,

wouldmostweakenthemicrobiologist'sreasoning?

A、Physiciansinthecountrywheretheoutbreakoccurredhavebecomehesitantto

prescribeantibioticssincetheyarefrequentlyinshortsupply.

B、Peopleinthecountrywheretheoutbreakoccurredoftenconsumefoodsproduced

fromanimalsthateatantibiotics-ladenlivestockfeed.

C、Useofantibioticsintwocountriesthatneighborthecountrywheretheoutbreak

occurredhasrisenoverthepastdecade.

D、Drug-resistantstrainsofsalmonellahavenotbeenfoundincountriesinwhich

antibioticsarcnotgenerallyavailable.

E、Salmonellahasbeenshowntospreadeasilyalongthedistributionchainsofcertain

vegetables,suchasrawtomatoes.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：ArgumentEvaluationSituationAntibiotic-resistantsalmonellacausedan

outbreakofillnessinaEuropeancountrywherepatientsneedprescriptionstoobtain

antibioticsandwheredoctorsdispensesuchprescriptionslessreadilythaninother

Europeancountries.ReasoningWhatevidencewouldmoststronglysuggestthatoveruse

ofantibioticswaslikelyresponsiblefortheoutbreak,despitethecitedfacts?The

microbiologistreasonsthatbecausepatientsneedprescriptionstoobtainantibioticsinthe

countrywheretheoutbreakoccurred,andthecountry'sdoctorsdispensesuch

prescriptionslessreadilythandoctorsinotherEuropeancountriesdo,antibioticsarc

probablynotbeingoverusedinthecountry—soantibioticoverusewasprobablynot

responsible(ortheoutbreak.Implicitinthemicrobiologistsreasoningistheassumption

thatoveruseofantibiotics,ifithadoccurred,couldprobablyhaveresultedonlyfrom

overprescribingofantibioticsbyphysicianstotreatillnessinpeopleinthecountryin

question.Anyevidencecastingdoubtonthiscomplexassumptionwouldsuggesta

weaknessinthemicrobiologist'sreasoning.AThisstrengthenstheargumentby

providingadditionalevidencethatantibioticsarcnotbeingovcrprcscribcdinthecountry.

BCorrect.Thisweakensrhemicrobiologist^argumentbyindicatingthatanassumption

implicitintheargumentmaybefalse:thesalmonellaoutbreakcouldeasilybyexplained

byoveruseofantibioticsinlivestockfeed(perhapsimportedfromothercountries).C

Evenifantibioticusehasriseninthetwoneighboringcountries,antibioticsstillmightbe

underusedinbothcountries.DThissuggeststhatantibiotic-resistantsalmonellaarises

onlyincountrieswhereantibioticsareused;evenifthisweretrueitwouldbequite

compatiblewiththemicrobiologist'sargumentanddocsnotweakenthatargument.E

Thisdescribesonemechanismbywhichsalmonellacanspreadinapopulation;itsays

nothingaboutwhetheranoutbreakofantibiotic-resistantstrainsofsalmonellamighthave

beencausedbyantibioticoveruse.ThecorrectanswerisB.

5、Historian:Newtondevelopedmathematicalconceptsandtechniquesthatare

fundamentaltomoderncalculus.Leibnizdevelopedcloselyanalogousconceptsand

techniques.Ithastraditionallybeenthoughtthatthesediscoverieswereindependent.

Researchershave,however,recentlydiscoverednotesofLeibniz'sthatdiscussoneof

Newton'sbooksonmathematics.Severalscholarshavearguedthatsincethebook

includesapresentationofNewton'scalculusconceptsandtechniques,andsincethenotes

werewrittenbeforeLeibniz'sowndevelopmentofcalculusconceptsandtechniques,itis

virtuallycertainthatthetraditionalviewisfalse.Amorecautiousconclusionthanthisis

calledfbr,however.Leibniz'snotesarelimitedtoearlysectionsofNewton'sbook,

sectionsthatprecedetheonesinwhichNewton'scalculusconceptsandtechniquesare

presented.Inthehistorian'sreasoning,thetwoportionsinboldfaceplaywhichofthe

followingroles?

A、Thefirstisaclaimthatthehistorianrejects;thesecondisapositionthatthatclaim

hasbeenusedtosupport.

Thefirstisevidencethathasbeenusedtosupportaconclusionaboutwhichthe

historianexpressesreservations;thesecondisthatconclusion.

C、Thefirstprovidesevidenceinsupportofapositionthatthehistoriandefends;the

secondisthatposition.

D、Thefirstandthesecondeachprovideevidenceinsupportofapositionthatthe

historiandefends.

E、Thefirsthasbeenusedinsupportofapositionthatthehistorianrejects;thesecondis

aconclusionthatthehistoriandrawsfromthatposition.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：ArgumentConstructionSituationAhistoriandiscussesacontroversy

aboutwhetherornotLeibnizdevelopedcalculusconceptsandtechniquesindependently

ofNewton.ReasoningWhatargumentativerolesdothetwoportionsinboldfaceplayin

thepassage?Thefirstfoursentencesofthepassagesimplyprovidebackground

information.Bothboldfacesectionsarewithinthefifthsentence,whichreportsan

argumentbyseveralscholars.Thekeywordsinceindicatesthatthefirstboldfacesection

isapremiseinthescholars,argumentAsecondpreiniseprecededhyanothersince

followsinthenextclause.Thefinalclauseofthefifthsentencerevealsthatthesecond

boldfacesectionistheconclusionofthescholars'argument.Inthesixthsentence,the

historianexpressesmisgivingsaboutthescholars,conclusion,forreasonspresentedin

theseventhandfinalsentence.AThehistoriandocsnotrejecttheclaimthatNewton's

bookincludesapresentationofNewton'scalculusconceptsandtechniques.Instead,the

historianmerelypointsoutthatLeibniz'snotesdonotcoverthosesectionsofNewton's

book.BCorrect.Thefirstboldfacesectionisoneoftwopremisesinthescholars'

argument,andthesecondboldfacesectionisthatargument'sconclusion.Inthefollowing

sentencethehistorianexpressesreservationsaboutthatconclusion.CThehistoriandoes

notdefendthescholars,conclusionbutratherexpressesmisgivingsaboutit.DThe

secondboldfacesectionisthescholars,conclusionanddocsnotpresentanyevidence.

Nordoesitsupportthehistorian'spositionthatamorecautiousconclusioniscalledfor.

EThesecondboldfacesectionpresentsnotthehistorian'sconclusionbutratherthe

scholars*conclusion,aboutwhichthehistorianexpressesmisgivings.Thecorrectanswer

isB.

6、Forovertwocenturies,noonehadbeenabletomakeDamascusblades-bladeswith

adistinctiveserpentinesurfacepattern-butacontemporaryswordmakermayjusthave

rediscoveredhow.Usingironwithtraceimpuritiesthatpreciselymatchedthosepresent

intheironusedinhistoricDamascusblades,thiscontemporaryswordmakerseems(o

havefinallyhitonanintricateprocessbywhichhecanproduceabladeindistinguishable

fromatrueDamascusblade.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,providesthestrongest

supportforthehypothesisthattraceimpuritiesintheironarcessentialfortheproduction

ofDamascusblades?

A、Therearesurfacefea:uresofeveryDamascusblade-includingthebladesproduced

bythecontemporaryswordmaker-thatareuniquetothatblade.

B、TheironwithwhichthecontemporaryswordmakermadeDamascusbladescame

fromasourceofironthatwasunknowntwocenturiesago.

C、Almostallthetoolsusedbythecontemporaryswordmakerwereupdatedversionsof

toolsthatwereusedbyswordmakersovertwocenturiesago.

D、ProductionofDamascusbladesbyswordmakersofthepastceasedabruptlyafter

thoseswordmakers'originalsourceofironbecameexhausted.

E、AlthoughDamascusbladeswererenownedformaintainingasharpedge,theblade

madebythecontemporaryswordmakersuggeststhattheymayhavemaintainedtheir

edgelesswellthanbladesmadeusingwhatisnowthestandardprocessformaking

blades.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：ArgumentEvaluationSituationAswordmakermayhaverecently

rediscoveredhowtomakeDamascusbladesusingironwithtraceimpuritiesmatching

thoseintheironfromwhichhistoricDamascusbladeswerewrough.ReasoningWhat

evidencewouldsuggestthatthetraceimpuritiesareessentialforproducingDamascus

blades?Thepassagesaystheswordmakerseemstohavecreatedbladesindistinguishable

fromhistoricDamascusbladesbyusingironwiththesametraceimpuritiesfoundin

thoseblades.Butthatdoesnotprovethetraceimpuritiesareessentialtotheprocess.

EvidencesuggestingthatDamascusbladeshaveneverbeenmadefromironwithoutthe

traceimpuritieswouldsupportthehypothesisthatthetraceimpuritiesareessentialto

theirmanufacture.ADamascusbladescouldvaryintheirsurfacefeatureswhetherornot

traceimpuritiesareessemialfortheirmanufacture.BWhateverthesourceoftheironthe

contemporaryswordmakerused,itcontainsthesametraceimpuritiesastheiron

historicallyusedtomakeDamascusblades,whichiswhatthehypothesisisabout.CIf

anything,thismightcastdoubtonthehypothesisbysuggestingthatthespecialtools

ratherthanthetraceimpuritiescouldaccountforthedistinctivefeaturesofDamascus

blades.DCorrect.Thissuggeststhatwhenthehistoricswordmakerslostaccesstothe

specialironwithitstraceimpurities,theycouldnolongermakeDamascusblades.Thus,

itsupportsthehypothesisthatthetraceimpuritiesarenecessaryformanufacturing

Damascusblades.EEvenifDamascusbladesmaintainedtheiredgeslesswellthanmost

contemporarybladesdo,thetraceimpuritiesmaynothavebeenessentialfor

manufacturingthem.ThecorrectanswerisD.

7、Imagesfromground-basedtelescopesareinvariablydistortedbytheEarth's

atmosphere.Orbitingspacetelescopes,however,operatingaboveEarth'satmosphere,

shouldprovidesuperblydetailedimages.Therefore,ground-basedtelescopeswillsoon

becomeobsoleteforadvancedastronomicalresearchpurposes.Whichofthefollowing

statements,iftrue,wouldcastthemostdoubtontheconclusiondrawnabove?

A^Anorbitingspacetelescopeduetobelaunchedthisyearisfarbehindscheduleand

overbudget,whereasthelargestground-basedtelescopewasbothwithinbudgetandon

schedule.

B>Ground-basedtelescopeslocatedonmountainsummitsarenotsubjecttothekindsof

atmosphericdistortionwhich,atlowaltitudes,makestarsappeartotwinkle.

C、Bycarefulchoiceofobservatorylocation,itispossibleforlarge-aperturetelescopes

toavoidmostofthekindofwindturbulencethatcandistortimagequality.

D、Whenlarge-aperturetelescopesarelocatedathighaltitudesneartheequator,they

permitthebestEarth-basedobservationsofthecenteroftheMilkyWayGalaxy,aprime

targetofastronomicalresearch.

E、Detailedspectralanalyses,uponwhichastronomersrelyfordeterminingthechemical

compositionandevolutionaryhistoryofstars,requiretelescopeswithmorelight-

gatheringcapacitythanspacetelescopescanprovide.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:ArgumentEvaluationSituationEarth'satmospheredistortsimagesfrom

ground-basedtelescopes,whereasspacetelescopesorbitingabovetheatmosphereshould

providesuperblydetailedimages.ReasoningWhatevidencewouldunderminetheclaim

thatground-basedtelescopeswillsoonbecomeobsoleteforadvancedastronomical

research?Theargumentimplicitlyassumesthatadvancedastronomicalresearchcanbe

accomplishedmoreeffectivelywiththemoredetailed,lessdistortedimagesproducedby

spacetelescopesandthatthereforealmostalladvancedastronomicalresearchwillsoon

beconductedwithspacetelescopes.Thisreasoningwouldbeunderminedbyevidence

thatground-basedtelescopeshavesubstantialadvantagesforadvancedastronomical

researchdespitetheirdistortedimagesorbyevidencethatspacetelescopeswillnotsoon

becomecommonoraffordableenoughtosupportmostadvancedastronomicalresearch.

AEvenifthisistrue,theremaybeseveralorbitingspacetelescopesthatwillbe,orhave

been,launchedonscheduleandwithinbudget,sothisoptiondoesnotcastdoubtonthe

conclusionoftheargument.BGround-basedtelescopesonmountainsummitsarestill

subjecttomoreatmosphericdistortionthanarespacetelescopesorbitingabovethe

atmosphere.CAtmosphericdistortionoftelescopicimagesmayresultmainlyfrom

factorsotherthanwindturbulence.DEventhebestEarth-basedobservationsofthe

centeroftheMilkyWayGalaxymaybevastlyinferiortospacc-bascdobserv-ations.E

Correct.Thisindicatesaninherentlimitationofspace-basedtelescopes:unlikeEarth-

basedtelescopes,theylackthelight-gatheringcapacitythatastronomersneedtoperform

oneoftheirprimarytasks,i.e.,detailedspectralanalyses.SoEarth-basedtelescopesare

unlikelytosoonbecomeobsolete.ThecorrectanswerisE.

8、Generallyscientistsentertheirfieldwiththegoalofdoingimportantnewresearch

andacceptastheircolleaguesthosewithsimilarmotivation.Therefore,whenany

scientistwinsrenownasanexpounderofsciencetogeneralaudiences,mostother

scientistsconcludethatthispopularizershouldnolongerberegardedasatruecolleague.

Theexplanationofferedaboveforthelowesteeminwhichscientificpopularizersare

heldbyresearchscientistsassumesthat

A、seriousscientificresearchisnotasolitaryactivity,butreliesonactivecooperation

amongagroupofcolleagues

researchscientiststendnottoregardascolleaguesthosescientistswhoserenown

theyenvy

C、ascientistcanbecomeafamouspopularizerwithouthavingcompletedanyimportant

research

D^researchscientistsbelievethatthosewhoarewellknownaspopularizersofscience

arenotmotivatedtodoimportantnewresearch

E、noimportantnewresearchcanbeaccessibletooraccuratelyassessedbythosewho

arcnotthemselvesscientists

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：ArgumentConstructionSituationResearchscientistsdesiretodo

importantnewresearchandtreatascolleaguesjustthosewhohaveasimilardesire.

Whenascientistbecomespopularamongageneralaudienceforexplainingprinciplesof

science,otherscientistshavelessesteemforthispopularizer,nolongerregardingsucha

scientistasaseriouscolleague.ReasoningWhatassumptiondoresearchscientistsmake

aboutscientistswhobecomepopularizers?Thecommunityofscientistssharesacommon

goal:todoimportantnewresearch.Whatwouldcausethiscommunitytodisapproveofa

popularizerandtoceasetoregardthepopularizerasacolleague?Itmustbebecause

manyscientistsbelievethatbecomingapopularizerisincompatiblewithdcsiningtodo

importantnewresearch.AManyscientistsmakethisassumption,ofcourse—butitisnot

anassumptiononwhichdieexplanationspecificallydepends.Theexplanationconcerns

thescientists,motivation,nottheirstyleofdoingresearch.BThisstatementgives

anotherreasonthatscientistsmayrejectapopularizer,butbecauseitisnotthereason

impliedinthepassage,itisnotassumed.CEvenifthisistrue,itdoesnotaddressthe

coreissueoftheargument:whatscientistsbelieveaboutthemotivationofpopularizers.

DCorrect.Thisstatementproperlyidentifiesanassumptiononwhichtheexplanationfor

scientists'rejettionofpopularizersdepends.EThepassageisnotconcernedwith

whethernonscientistscanunderstandnewresearch,butratherwiththebeliefsand

motivationsofscientistswhorejectpopularizersascolleagues.ThecorrectanswerisD.

9、Urbanplanner:Whenacitylosespopulationduetomigration,propertytaxesinthat

citytendtorise.Thisisbecausetherearethenfewerresidentspayingtomaintainan

infrastructurethatwasdesignedtosupportmorepeople.Risingpropertytaxes,inturn,

drivemoreresidentsaway,compoundingtheproblem.SincethecityofStoncbridgcis

startingtolosepopulation,thecitygovernmentshouldthereforerefrainfromraising

propertytaxes.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostweakentheurbanplanner's

argument?

A、IfStoncbridgcdocsnotraisetaxesonitsresidentstomaintainitsinfrastructure,the

citywillbecomemuchlessattractivetoliveinasthatinfrastructuredecays.

B、Stonebridgeatpresentbenefitsfromgrantsprovidedbythenationalgovernmentto

helpmaintaincertainpartsofitsinfrastructure.

C>IfthereisasmallincreaseinpropertytaxesinStonebridgeandaslightlylarger

proportionoftotalrevenuethanatpresentisallocatedtoinfrastructuremaintenance,the

fundingwillbeadequateforthatpurpose.

D、DemographersprojectthatthepopulationofaregionthatincludesStonebridgewill

starttoincreas