1thecontactbetweencoachandemployeenotsolvingalldifficultiesatwork

2thediscussionofhowcertainsituationscouldbebetterhandlediftheyoccuragain

3acoachencouraginganemployeetoapplywhathasbeentaughttoroutineworksituations

4coachingprovidingnewinteresttoindividualswhoareunhappyintheircurrentpositions

5coachingprovidingasupportiveenvironmenttodiscussperformance

6employeesbeingaskedtoanalysethemselvesandpractisegreaterself-awareness

7coachingenablingacompanytorespondrapidlytoalackofexpertiseinacertainarea

Coaching

A

Coachinginvolvestwoormorepeoplesittingdowntogethertotalkthroughissuesthathavecome

uprecentlyalwork,andanalysinghowtheyweremanagedandhowtheymightbedealtwith

moreeffectivelyonsubsequentoccasions.Coachingthustransfersskillsandinformationfromone

persontoanotherinanon-the-jobsituationsothattheworkexperienceofthecoachisusedto

adviseandguidetheindividualbeingcoached.Italsoallowssuccessesandfailurestobe

evaluatedinanon-threateningatmosphere.

B

Coachingmeansinfluencingthelearner'spersonaldevelopment,forexamplehisorherconfidence

andambition.Itcantakeplaceanytimeduringanindividual'scareer.Coachingisintendedtc

assistindividualstofunctionmoreeffectively,anditisapowerfullearningmodel.Itbeginswhere

skills-based(rainingends,andhelpsindividualstouseformallylearntknowledgeinday-to-day

workandmanagementsituations.Individualsbeingcoachedareinademandingsituationwith

theircoach,whichrequiresthemtoconsidertheirownbehaviourandquestiontheirreasonsfbr

doingthings.

C

Thecoachprofessionallyassiststhecareerdevelopmentofanotherindividual,outsidethenormal

manager/subordinatcrelationship.Intheory,thecoachingrelationshipshouldprovideanswersto

everyproblem,butinpracticeitfallsshortofthis.However,itcanprovideaspacefordiscussion

andfeedbackontopicssuchaspeoplemanagementandskills,behaviourpatterns,

confidence-buildingandtimemanagement.Throughcoaching,anorganisationcanmeetskills

shortages,discusstargetsardindicatehowemployeesshoulddealwithchallengingsituations,all

atshortnotice.

D

Effectivecoachesareusuallythosewhogetsatisfactionfromthesuccessofothersandwhogive

timeto(hecoachingrole.Givingpeoplecoachingresponsibilitiescansupporttheirdevelopment,

eitherbyencouragingmanagementpotentialthroughsmall-scaleone-to-oneassignments,orby

providingaddedjobsatisfactiontomanagerswhofeeltheyarestuckintheirpresentjobs.Acoach

isalsoaconfidentialadviser,accustomedtodevelopingpositiveandeffectiveapproachesto

complexmanagement,organisationalandchangeproblems.

這篇文章講的是培訓(xùn)(coaching)的作用。培訓(xùn)對(duì)一種企業(yè)的發(fā)展和員工的成長(zhǎng)都是至

關(guān)重要的。文章的內(nèi)容比較泛，不過(guò)題目的答案比較明顯。

第一題，教練和員工之間的接觸不能處理工作中的所有困難。答案是C段的這樣一句：

Intheory,thecoachingrelationshipshouldprovideanswerstoeveryproblem,butinpracticeit

fallsshorlofthis.理論上，甯訓(xùn)可以提供所有問(wèn)題的答案。不過(guò)實(shí)踐中達(dá)不到這樣。Fallshort

of是關(guān)鍵詞。

第二題，討論某些狀況假如再度出現(xiàn)的話怎么樣可以處理的更好。答案是A段的這樣

一句：analysinghowtheyweremanagedandhowtheymightbedealtwithmoreeffectivelyon

subsequentoccasions.分析應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣進(jìn)行處理并且在接下來(lái)的狀況下怎樣可以處理的更有效。

這里的dealtwithmoreeffectively對(duì)應(yīng)于題干中的betterhandled,onsubsequentoccasions.til

就是occuragaino

第三題，教練鼓勵(lì)員工將所學(xué)應(yīng)用到平常的工作中。答案是B段的這樣一句：helps

individualstouseformallyleamtknowledgeinday-to-dayworkandmanagementsituations.辦助

個(gè)人將學(xué)到的正式知識(shí)用在平常工作和管理狀況下。這里的day-to-dayworkandmanagement

situations就是題干中的routineworksituations,whathasbeentaught也就是formallyleamt

knowledgeo

第四題，培訓(xùn)為在既有崗位上不快樂(lè)的個(gè)人提供了新的愛(ài)好。答案是D段的這樣一句：

providingaddedjobsatisfactiontomanagerswhofeeltheyarestuckintheirpresentjobso對(duì)感覺(jué)

自己在既有崗位上受困的經(jīng)理們提供附加的工作滿足感.這里的stuckintheirpresentjobs就

是題干中的unhappyintheircuirentposition,addedjobsatisfaction可以對(duì)應(yīng)于題干中的new

interests

第五題，培訓(xùn)提供了一種有力的、支持性的討論工作體現(xiàn)的環(huán)境。答案是A段的：Italso

allowssuccessesandfailurestobeevaluatedinanon-threateningatmosphere.它容許成功和失敗

在一種沒(méi)有威脅的氣氛下被評(píng)估。成功和失敗也就足performance,supportiveenvironment

可以對(duì)應(yīng)于non-threateningatmosphereo

第六題，員工被規(guī)定分析他們自己并且培養(yǎng)出更強(qiáng)的自知。有必要理解下self-awareness

的含義，不能簡(jiǎn)樸的從中文理解成自我意識(shí)，看英文解釋：knowledgeandunderstandingof

yourselfo因此答案是B段的這樣一句：requiresthemtoconsidertheirownbehaviourand

questiontheirreasonsfordoingthings.規(guī)定他們考慮自己的行為并且思索這樣做的理由。

considertheirownbehaviour可以對(duì)應(yīng)于題干中的analysethemselves,思索這樣做的理由也是

為了深入增進(jìn)對(duì)自己的認(rèn)識(shí)。

第七題，培訓(xùn)可以使得企業(yè)對(duì)某個(gè)領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)缺失迅速做出反應(yīng)。答案是C段的最終

一句：indicatehowemployeesshoulddealwithchallengingsituations,allatshortnotice.指出員

工怎樣處理有挑戰(zhàn)性的狀況，在短時(shí)間內(nèi)。Atshortnotice是一接到告知就，短時(shí)間內(nèi)的意

思,可以對(duì)應(yīng)這一題的respondrapidly,challengingsituations可以指代題干中的alackof

expertiseinacertainarea.

BUFFETZONE

LucyRobertsonstartedworkingatatakeawayfoodbusinesstosupplementherincomeduringher

studentdaysatEdinburghUniversity,Severalyearslatershehadboughtthebusinessandnow,17

yearson,sheownsGrapevineCaterers,probablyScotland'sleadingindependentcaterers,witha

turnoverofalmost￡6m.

Shehadneverplannedtoownabusiness,andhadcertainlyneverconsideredacareerincatering.

(0)........However,herunplannedcareerbeganin1985,whenshereturnedtoEdinburghand

discoveredthatthetakeawayshehadworkedinwasupforsale.Onimpulse,sheboughtit,but

admitsthatatthetimesheknewnothingaboutcatering.(8)........Itwasadifficulttime,but

essentialintermsofgainingtheexperiencesheneeded.Thelate1980sboomwasgoodfor

business,withlargenumbersofofficeworkerswantingtakeawayfoodforiheirlunches.

(9)........'Atonepointtherewere26foodoutletswithina5-kilometreradius,'Robertsonrecalls.As

theeconomychangedandtheoncepackedofficeblocksstartedtobecomevacant,itbecameclear

thatRobertsonwouldneedtodiversify/10)........Itchangedthedirectionofthecompanyforgood.

AsRobertsonbegantowincateringcontracts,shedecidedthatthecompanywouldhavetomove

tolargerpremises.In1994.themovewasmadewhensheboughtanothercateringbusinessthat

alreadyhadanumberofprofitablecontractsforboardroomlunches.

Meanwhile,Robertson'smaincompetitor,theoldestcateringcompanyinEdinburgh,wascausing

hersomeanxiety.'Customerloyaltyisnottobeundercstimared/shewarns.ButRobertsonisnot

someonewhoiseasilyputoff.(11)........Partlyasaresultofthis,turnoverdoubled,andhaving

outgrownanothersite,Robertsonboughtacity-centrelocationforthegroup'sheadquarters.

Bynow,Grapevine'smaincompetitorwasanewcateringcompanycalledTowngates.Although

RobertsontriedtoraiseenoughmoneytobuyTowngates,shedidnotsucceed.Thenluck

intervenedandTowngatesv/entbankrupt.(12).......Manyacceptedandthecompany'sturnover

wentfrom￡700,000to￡1.5millionalmostovernight.

However,thecompany'sgrowthwasnotassmoothasitsoundsinretrospect.Robertsonadmits,

Wewereclosetotheedgeduringthegrowthperiod.Likemanyunder-capi(alisedcompanies

tryingtogrow,itmighteasilyhavecollapsed.'Butthat,shefeels,isthechallengeofdeveloping

yourownbusiness.

AButthereareplentyofsimilarcontractstobewonintheeastofScotlandbeforeRobertsonturns

herattentionelsewhere.

BHerwayroundthisparticularproblemwastorecruitthecateringmanageroftherivalcompany.

CButthisdemandwasshort-lived,andbeforelong,increasingcompetitionmadeitharderto

makeaprofit.

D'Itwasadramaticlearningcurveandverysmallamountsofmoneywereearnedatfirst,'says

Robertson.

EShedecidedthatthesolution,sincemanycompaniesrequiredworkinglunchesfbrmeetings

withclients,wastoprepareanddelivermealstobusinesspremises.

FOnhearingthis,Robertsonimmediatelycontactedallof(heirclientsandofferedtheservicesof

GrapevineCaterers.

GInstead,shestudiedaccountancyafterleavinguniversity,andasteadyifunspectacular

professionalpathseemedset.

《BuffelZone》，自助餐區(qū)域，在這篇文章里的意思應(yīng)當(dāng)是自助餐領(lǐng)域，講的是一種右自

助餐領(lǐng)域獲得了驚人成績(jī)的杰出女性創(chuàng)業(yè)的故事。這套題目不難，尤其比起第四輯的題

文章自身有很清晰的故事發(fā)展脈絡(luò)，選項(xiàng)和原文的對(duì)應(yīng)乜比較明顯。文章的幾種段落是按照

時(shí)間先后、故事發(fā)生的先后進(jìn)行的，很明確。第一段是總括，第二段是講的創(chuàng)業(yè)起步階段的

某些困難以及應(yīng)對(duì)困難的對(duì)策，第三段是企業(yè)好轉(zhuǎn)后的辦公室重置(relocation),第四、五

段是企業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)狀況，最終一段總結(jié)。

第八題，前面說(shuō)一時(shí)沖動(dòng)她買(mǎi)下了這個(gè)外賣(mài)餐館(takeaway),實(shí)際上那個(gè)時(shí)候她對(duì)餐

飲業(yè)一無(wú)所知?？崭癖趁嬲f(shuō)的是這段時(shí)間很困難，不過(guò)對(duì)獲得所需要的經(jīng)驗(yàn)卻是很有必要的。

因此第八題的空格部分應(yīng)當(dāng)填入跟學(xué)習(xí)、積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)有關(guān)的內(nèi)容。D選型最吻合，Itwasa

dramaticlearningcurve,這里的learning是關(guān)鍵詞，很明顯的答案信號(hào)。尚有verysmallamounts

ofmoneywereearnedatfirst,atfirst也是關(guān)鍵詞。

第九題，空格前面說(shuō)largenumbersofofficeworkerswantingtakeawayfoodfortheir

lunches,大量的辦公室員工需要外賣(mài)食品做午飯，這里的wanting是個(gè)很關(guān)鍵的詞?？崭窈?/p>

面話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，說(shuō)曾經(jīng)一?度5公里內(nèi)有26家食品商店，不過(guò)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)變了，一條街都空了(blocks

startedtobecomevacant),從上下文來(lái)分析，第九空的內(nèi)容應(yīng)當(dāng)和辦公室員工的外賣(mài)需求有

關(guān)，同步帶有轉(zhuǎn)折意思。C選項(xiàng)完全符合這一條件：不過(guò)這種需求是短暫的，很快，逐漸增

長(zhǎng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)使得贏得利潤(rùn)變得愈加困難。

第十題，上文說(shuō)經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)轉(zhuǎn)變了，因此Roberlson決定從事多樣化的經(jīng)營(yíng)。背面說(shuō)這種

做法永遠(yuǎn)的變化了企業(yè)的經(jīng)營(yíng)方式。因此第十空應(yīng)當(dāng)填入對(duì)應(yīng)的對(duì)策，怎么樣來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)形

勢(shì)的轉(zhuǎn)變。符合這一條件的是B和E，都是有美處理問(wèn)題的，不過(guò)B選項(xiàng)所說(shuō)的招募競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

對(duì)手的餐廳經(jīng)理在匕下文內(nèi)容中沒(méi)有提到。應(yīng)當(dāng)選D,為商業(yè)大廈送飯，恰好對(duì)應(yīng)下一段所

說(shuō)的。

第十一題，這一題才應(yīng)當(dāng)選B,前面說(shuō)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手給自己導(dǎo)致了很大的困擾。不過(guò)

Robertson卻不是那么輕易屈服的人。背面說(shuō)部分原因是這個(gè)，營(yíng)業(yè)額翻倍了。因此中間應(yīng)

該也是填入對(duì)策。和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手有關(guān)的，因此應(yīng)當(dāng)選B,B的particular是個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞，rivalcompany

也很明顯。

第十二題，前面說(shuō)Robertson想收購(gòu)一種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，不過(guò)沒(méi)成功，成果人家企業(yè)自己破

產(chǎn)倒閉了。背面來(lái)了一種manyaccepted,可以看出這中間應(yīng)當(dāng)填入的是人家企業(yè)破產(chǎn)后

Robertson的某些舉措。F滿足這一條件：一聽(tīng)到這些，Roberlson立即聯(lián)絡(luò)他們的客戶并且

提供了自己企業(yè)的服務(wù)。

I、buffet:amealatwhichpeopleservethemselvesfromatableandthenstandorsit

somewhereelsetoeat自助餐

2^takeaway

a、arestaurantthatcooksandsellsfoodthatyoutakeawayandeatsomewhereelse外賣(mài)餐

館

b、ameal(hatyoubuyalthistypeofrestaurant外賣(mài)的飯莢；外賣(mài)食物

3、inretrospect:thinkingaboutapasteventorsituation,oftenwithadifferentopinionofit

fromtheoneyouhadatthetime回憶

4、under-capitalised:(aboutabusiness)nothavingenoughmoney(capital)tobeableto

operatenormally,paydebtsandgrow資金局限性。

5、Instead,shestudiedaccountancyafterleavinguniversity,andasteadyifunspectacular

professionalpathseemedset.

這個(gè)句子里i「的使用方法比較少見(jiàn)，參見(jiàn)朗文的解釋：usedwhenaddingonecriticismcfa

personorthingthatyougenerallylike

e.g:Lunchwasagrandifrathernoisyaffair.

因此G選項(xiàng)的意思就是：然而，離開(kāi)大學(xué)后她學(xué)的是會(huì)計(jì)，一種平淡無(wú)奇的職業(yè)道路

似乎已經(jīng)鋪就。

HOWTOMARKETYOURSELF

Wcmanageourowncareersnow.Soknowinghowtobrandandpositionyourselfinthemarketas

'Meplc'atdifferentstagesofyourworkinglifeisbecominganincreasinglyvitalskill.Atleast

thatiswhatimageexpertMarySpillanebelieves.'Employmentasweknowitisdecreasing.Jobs

don'texist,workexists.Inhenextdecademostofuswillbesuppliers,notstaff.Wewillhave

clientsnotbosses.Ifyouareunder30,youprobablyknowthatthereisonlyonefirmtojoinfor

life:Meplc.Itpromotesyouandyourpotentialtoothers.'

'We'reworkinginmulti-national,multicultural,multi-corporateteamsandit'simportantto

understandtheimplicationsofthis.Wcneedtocreateapersonalbrandthatisunique,but

complementsthebrandofthecorporationweareworkingfor.Youhave(ofindawaytodoitso

thatyouarenotjustatypicalemployee,'advisesSpillane.'Youhavetodecidewhatcentralvalues

youwanttoproject,andalsowhatmayneedtoalterfromsituationtosituation.'

ManypeopleonlyrememberMarySpillanefortheyearsshespentrunningacosmeticscompany,

butsheactuallyhasmastersdegreesininformationscienceandpolitics.Sheusedtohidethat

hard-hittingside,bu(isnoweagertoshowitandforgetaboutcosmetics.'NowthatI'mworkingin

theboardroomsofmajorplcsandglobalcompanies,I'mplayingupmydegreesandmanagement

backgroundsothattheimagesideisseenonlyasanadditiontothevalueside.'saysSpillane.

Somecontractstakelongerthanothers.'TheCitylawfirmsI'mcurrentlyworkingforarereally

difficultbecausetheydon'thaveanyideaofwhattheirbrandshouldbe,andarestillvery

traditionalevenwhentalkingaboutbecomingmodern,I'mshowingthemhowtodoeverything

fromchangingtheirreceptionareas-whichtendtobeveryoJT-puttingwiththeirhigh-fronted

receptiondesks-tohowtomakesmalltalkthatislessformalandrigid.Companiesrebrand

themselvesallthetime,spendingmillionsonnewofficeinteriorsandsoon.Butwithoutan

underlyingchangeofattitudes,itcanproveanemptyexercise.'

Shearguesthatforindividualstoo,theremustbemorethanasurfacechange,asrebrandinggoes

deeperthanamerechangeofwardrobe.Beyondadviceonappearance,shetellsclients,Remind

yourselfofwhatyouareselling:thepersonalvaluesthatcompriseyourbrand.Learntopresent

yourselfinawaythatwillprojectwhatyouwanttodeliver.Lifelonglearningisessential,together

withthesortofdiscoveryandadventurethatpromotepersonalgrowth.Alwayshavean

up-to-the-minuteCVreadytoprintout,refreshingiteveryfewmonthswithyourmostrecent

achievements,justtoremindothersofyourbrandvalue.,

Shebelievesitisessentialthatyouunderstandbothyourpublicselfandyourprivateself,aswell

asyourblindspotsandyourpotential,inorder(ocreateaneffectivebrand.Thepublicselfisthe

imageyouprojecttotheworld,theprivateselfiswhatyouknowaboutyourselfbutothersdon't,

aridblindspotsarethosethingsthatothersseeaboutyoubuiyoucan'tseeforyourself.By

decidingwhatimageyouwantotherpeopletosee,emphasisingmoreofyourprivateselfand

sortingoutafewblindspots,youwillincreasenotonlyyourpotentialtoinfluenceothers,butalso

yourself-esteemandself-confidence.'

13Inthefirstparagraph,MarySpillanesayspeopleshouldlearnhowtomarketthemselves

because

Aitencouragescompaniestogivethemajobforlife.

Binthefutureitwillbeacompanyrequirement.

Cinmanycareersitisbecomingdifficulttosucceed.

Ditwillhelpthemadapttodevelopmentsinthejobmarket.

14Spillanesaysthat,whencreatingapersonalbrand,itisimportantto

Achangethingsdependingonthecircumstances.

Bdecidewhatimagepeoplewouldlikeyou(opresent.

Cmakesurethatcolleaguesfeelateasewithyourimage.

Dfollowtheexampleofsomeoneinthecompanyyouworkfor.

15WhatdowelearnaboutSpillaneinthethirdparagraph?

ASheisembarrassedabouthercareerwithacosmeticscompany.

BShedoesn'tliketalkingaboutheracademicbackground.

CShehasqualificationsmanypeoplearcunawareof.

DSheworriesabouthowotherpeopleseeher.

16WhichproblemdoesSpillanerefertowhentalkingaboutthecompaniessheispresently

workingwith?

ATheyfinditdifficulttoacceptherideas.

BTheyareunawareofhowtorebrandthemselves.

CTheydon'twanttospendlargeamountsofmoney.

DTheyarcunwillingtomodernisetheirworkenvironment.

17Whenadvisingpeopleonrebrandingthemselves,Spillanetellsthemto

Aattendcoursestogainspecialistskills.

Bupdateregularlytheirwrittenproofofwhattheycando.

Ctryoutdifferentwaysofpresentingthemselvestoothers.

Drememberthatwhattheylooklikeisthemostimportantpoint.

18Spillanesaysthat,inordertorebrandyourselfsuccessfully,itisimportantto

Aaskforotherpeople'sopinionsaboutyourimage.

Bfeelconfidentaboutwhatyouaretryingtoachieve.

Clearnhowtomakeuseofallaspectsofyourcharacter.

Dmodelyourselfonpeoplewithacertainamountofinfluence.

《Howtomarketyourself》，怎樣開(kāi)發(fā)你自己。這篇文章重要是?種專家(MarySpillane)

對(duì)個(gè)人在職業(yè)生涯中的某些提議，包括怎么定位、怎樣對(duì)的認(rèn)識(shí)自己等等,很實(shí)用很中肯的

一篇文章?？磥?lái)這國(guó)外的專家并不也是夸夸其談之輩啊。

13題，問(wèn)第一段MarySpillane認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會(huì)開(kāi)發(fā)他們自己的原因是什么。第一段

里這個(gè)專家認(rèn)為就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)在減少，job不存在了，存在的是work,在未來(lái)十年所有人都將成

為才華和能力的提供者(supplier),而不是員工(staff),老板將變成自己的客戶。從專家的

這段話可以看出她認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會(huì)開(kāi)發(fā)自己的原因是適應(yīng)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展，也就是D答

案所說(shuō)的。A在原文沒(méi)有提到，B的理解有誤，原文說(shuō)thereisonlyonefirmtojoinforlife:Me

plc。生活中只有一種值得加入的企業(yè)：自我企業(yè)。這句的意思還是說(shuō)人們要學(xué)會(huì)開(kāi)發(fā)自己，

而不是未來(lái)有企業(yè)需要。C在原文中也沒(méi)有提到。

14題，問(wèn)在發(fā)明個(gè)人品牌的時(shí)候，很重要的是什么。答案是第二段的最終一句：Youhave

todecidewhatcentralvaluesyouwanttoproject,andalsowhatmayneedtoalterfromsituation

tosituation.你必須決定自己要建立的中心價(jià)值什么，同步尚有哪些是需要伴隨環(huán)境的變化而

變化的。A的表述對(duì)的，根據(jù)環(huán)境來(lái)變化事情％B不對(duì)，不是說(shuō)決定人們想要你展現(xiàn)的形象，

而是自己決定自己想要建立的中心價(jià)值。C、D在原文葫沒(méi)有提到。

15題，問(wèn)第三段可以理解到Spillane的什么事。第三段簡(jiǎn)介說(shuō)這個(gè)女人曾經(jīng)經(jīng)營(yíng)過(guò)一家

化妝品企業(yè)，但其實(shí)她還擁有信息科學(xué)和政治的碩士學(xué)位。當(dāng)在化妝品企業(yè)的時(shí)候她試圖把

學(xué)歷的一面深藏不露，不過(guò)目前換了一家企業(yè)，她迫不及待的想將這一面給展現(xiàn)出來(lái)。從這

些可以看出這個(gè)女人的思緒：需要哪一面就體現(xiàn)哪一面。15題的答案是C：她擁有的素質(zhì)

諸多人都不懂得。A不對(duì)，沒(méi)有提到尷尬，B不對(duì)，在合適的時(shí)候才會(huì)去談?wù)撟约旱膶W(xué)歷背

景，D在原文也沒(méi)有提到，

16題，問(wèn)Spillane指出了目前工作企業(yè)的什么問(wèn)題。答案是第四段的這樣一句：theydon'

haveanyideaofwhattheirbrandshouldbe,andarestillverytraditionalevenwhentalkingabout

becomingmodem.對(duì)于自己的品牌應(yīng)當(dāng)是怎么樣的他們沒(méi)有任何概念，同步在談到變得現(xiàn)代

時(shí)仍然很老式。這一段是講這個(gè)企業(yè)在轉(zhuǎn)變時(shí)的某些問(wèn)題，他們投入了巨大的財(cái)力想重新樹(shù)

立自己的品牌，不過(guò)沒(méi)有一種深層次的態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變，是很難有實(shí)效的。答案是B,不知怎樣

重新樹(shù)立自己的品牌。A不對(duì)，沒(méi)有說(shuō)不樂(lè)意接受，C不對(duì)，企業(yè)投入巨大，D不對(duì)，不是

不樂(lè)意現(xiàn)代化，而不懂得怎么現(xiàn)代化，說(shuō)要現(xiàn)代化還是顯得很老式。

17題，問(wèn)對(duì)于想要重新樹(shù)立自己品牌的個(gè)人，Spillane的提議是什么。答案是第五段的

最終一句：Alwayshaveanup-to-the-minuteCVreadytoprintout,refreshingiteveryfewmonths

withyourmostrecentachievements時(shí)刻要有一種準(zhǔn)備打印的最新的簡(jiǎn)歷，每隔幾種月用你最

新的成績(jī)來(lái)更新一次。總結(jié)起來(lái)就是B選項(xiàng)所說(shuō)的“固定更新有關(guān)自己能做什么的書(shū)面證

明”。

18題，問(wèn)為了能成功的重新樹(shù)立自己的個(gè)人品牌，很重要的是什么。最終一段強(qiáng)調(diào)了

人應(yīng)當(dāng)理解自己的幾種方面：公我(publicsdf)、私我(privateself)、盲點(diǎn)和潛力，并且分別

簡(jiǎn)介了四種方面的含義。答案是這樣一句，需要提煉總結(jié)：Bydecidingwhatimageyouwant

otherpeopletosee,emphasisingmoreofyourprivateselfandsortingoutafewblindspots<.更多

的強(qiáng)調(diào)私我，并且挑選出某些盲點(diǎn)。總結(jié)起來(lái)就是B所說(shuō)的：學(xué)會(huì)怎樣全面運(yùn)用自己性格

的各個(gè)方面。

理解一下D選項(xiàng)一種詞組的含義：modelyourselfon(after)somebody：totrytobelike

someoneelsebecauseyouadmirethem

這篇文章其實(shí)并不難，不過(guò)很有實(shí)用價(jià)值。某些地道的商務(wù)英語(yǔ)表述可以用在口語(yǔ)里，

而更具意義的是，這篇文章里提到了某些有關(guān)個(gè)人職業(yè)的提議，很中肯，值得人參照。

I、jobsdon'texist,workexists.Inthenextdecademostofuswillbesuppliers,notstaff.We

willhaveclientsnotbosses.這是一種比較新奇的工作觀，不應(yīng)當(dāng)把自己看做是給老板打

工的。每個(gè)人都是自己的老板，發(fā)售自己的才學(xué)和能力，老板只是自己的客戶。有了這

樣的心態(tài)，人在工作中就會(huì)變得積極積極。不過(guò)有一點(diǎn)，客戶的質(zhì)量一定要好好把握啊

2^Youhavetodecidewhatcentralvaluesyouwanttoproject,andalsowhatmayneedto

alterfromsituationtosilualion.樹(shù)立屬于自己的品牌，并且相機(jī)而動(dòng)。

3、Remindyourselfofwhatyouareselling:thepersonalvaluesthatcompriseyourbrand.

Learntopresentyourselfinaway(hatwillprojectwhatyouwanttodeliver.一種企業(yè)要想

立足商界需要關(guān)鍵價(jià)值，同樣的，一種人要立足社會(huì)也需要關(guān)鍵價(jià)值。關(guān)鍵在于你怎樣

定位自己。找準(zhǔn)了定位，就不會(huì)迷失方向。

Planning

Inanyplanningsystem,fromthesimplestbudgetingto(hemostcomplexcorporateplanning,

thereisanannualprocess.Thisispartlyduetothefactthatfirms(19)......theiraccountingona

yearly(20)........butalsobecausesimilar(21)........oftenoccurinthemarket.

Usually,thelargerthefirm,thelongertheplanningtakes.Buttypically,planningfornextyear

maystartninemonthsormoreinadvance,withvariousstagesofevaluationleading(o(22)......of

thecompleteplanthreemonthsbeforethestartoftheyear.

Planningcontinues,however,throughouttheyear,sincemanagers(23).......progressagainst

targets,whilelookingforwardtothenextyear.Whatishappeningnowwill(24).......the

objectivesandplansforthefuture.

Intoday'sbusinessclimate,asmarketsconstantlychangeandbecomemoredifficultto(25)........

someanalystsbelievethatlong-termplanningispointless.Insomemarketstheymayberight,as

longascompaniescanbuildthesortofflexibilityintotheir(26)......whichallowsthemto

(27)......toanysuddenchanges.

Mostfirms,however,needtoplanmorethanoneyearaheadinorderto(28)......theirlong-term

goals.Thismayreflectthetimeittakestocommissionandbuildanewproductionplant,or.in

marketing(29).........itmaybeaquestionofhowlongittakestoresearchandlauncharangeof

newproducts,andreachacertain(30).......inthemarket.If,forexample,itisgoingtotakefive

yearsforaparticularairlinetobecomethe(31).......choiceamongstbusinesstravellersoncertain

routes,theairlinemustplanforthevarious(32).......involved.

Everyone-yearplan,therefore,mustbe(33)......inrelationtolonger-termplans,anditshould

containdiestagesthatarenecessarytoachievethefinalgoals.

19AmakeupBcarryoutCbringaboutDputdown

20AbasisBgroundsCfoundationDstructure

21AdistributionsBguidesCdesignsDpatterns

22AapprovalBpermissionCconsentDdecision

23AvalueBinspectCreviewDsurvey

24AcommandBpromptCinfluenceDpersuade

25AguessBspeculateCreckonDpredict

26AoperationsBtechniquesCmeasuresDexercises

27AanswerBrespondCcounterDreply

28AmoveBleadCdevelopDbenefit

29AexpressionsBdescriptionsCwordsDterms

30AreputationBpositionCsituationDinfluence

31AdesiredBselectedCpreferredDsupposed

32AactsBstepsCmeansDpoints

33AhandedoverBdrawnupCmadeoutDwrittenoff

這篇文章是有關(guān)企業(yè)計(jì)劃的(planning),做計(jì)劃時(shí)的過(guò)程和需要考慮的某些原因。

全文的第一句話說(shuō)企業(yè)做的決定是一種年度過(guò)程(annualprocess)。接下來(lái)談到原因。

19題，makeup是構(gòu)成、捏造、化妝的意思，用在這里和accounting搭配不上；carryout是

執(zhí)

彳了(todosomethingthatneedstobeorganizedandplanned)；bringabout是帶來(lái)，使發(fā)生(to

makesomethinghappen)；puldown放下，彈壓。從意甩上看，應(yīng)當(dāng)選B,carryouto

實(shí)際上，carryoutaccountingon…..basis是金融英語(yǔ)里專業(yè)且地道的說(shuō)法。最常見(jiàn)的一

種是carryoutaccountingontheaccrualbasis執(zhí)行權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制。對(duì)應(yīng)的,20題選basis,企業(yè)

時(shí)在一年的基礎(chǔ)上執(zhí)行會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則的。

21題，這里需要理解上下文的含義。這一整句話仍然是在闡明企業(yè)進(jìn)行planning的原因。

正是由于相似的模式會(huì)在市場(chǎng)上出現(xiàn)，因此企業(yè)才需要進(jìn)行計(jì)劃。選pauerns是最符合原義

的。

22題，很明顯，這里填入的詞是表達(dá)同意、通過(guò)之類(lèi)的，是指年前三個(gè)月完整的計(jì)劃

就會(huì)被通過(guò)。從中文意思上看，A、B、C三個(gè)詞都是符合的。詳細(xì)看英文解釋對(duì)幾種詞的

使用方法進(jìn)行辨別。

approval：whenaplan,decision,orpersonisofficiallyaccepted同意,正式的

eg:Thepresidenthasalreadygivenhisapprovaltotheplan.

permission：whensomeoneisofficiallyallowedtodosomelhing容許，也是正式的

eg:Youmustaskpermissionbeforetakinganyphotographsinsidethechurch.

consent：permissiontodosomething不那么正式的容許

eg:Hetookthecarwithouttheowner'sconsent.

這一題是講的計(jì)劃被同意或者通過(guò)，因此用approvaL

23題，這里的前后文的意思是計(jì)劃貫穿整年一直，因此經(jīng)理們需要回憶過(guò)去，展望未來(lái)。

背面的lookingforwardto是個(gè)答案信號(hào)，相對(duì)應(yīng)的前面應(yīng)當(dāng)選review,根據(jù)目的回憶過(guò)程。

24題比較簡(jiǎn)樸，理解了句子含義不難做出選擇。日前發(fā)生的事情將會(huì)影響未來(lái)的日的和

計(jì)劃。選influence0

25題，從這個(gè)句子來(lái)看，填入的詞是應(yīng)當(dāng)可以直接和markei搭配的。Predictthemarket

是商英里地道常見(jiàn)的使用方法，市場(chǎng)預(yù)測(cè)。

26題，往他們的操作中增長(zhǎng)一點(diǎn)靈活性，這樣可以對(duì)忽然發(fā)生的變化做出反應(yīng)。Operation:

theworkoractivitiesdonebyabusinessororganization,ortheprocessofdoingthiswork.

27題,respondto對(duì)…..做出反應(yīng)。

28題，為了開(kāi)發(fā)企業(yè)的長(zhǎng)期目的，需要一年以上的時(shí)間來(lái)計(jì)劃。從意思和使用方法上，只

能

選擇develop<,

29題，inmarketterms用市場(chǎng)術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)。固定使用方法。

30題，positioninthemarket,市場(chǎng)上的地位。前面已經(jīng)喑示了這里要用市場(chǎng)術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)表述，

positioninthemarket就是固定體現(xiàn)(positioningisthatexclusivespaceyourbrandownsinthe

marketplace.It'srelevantandcompellingtoyourcustomers,anddifferentfromyourcompetitors.)

31題，只需要理解preferred的意思：首選的

32題，想讓這個(gè)航空企業(yè)成為特定路線.上商務(wù)旅客的首選，必須先計(jì)劃好有關(guān)的環(huán)節(jié),

按環(huán)節(jié)來(lái)確定計(jì)劃，最終才能成功，因此選slep。

33題，需要理解四個(gè)詞組的含義。

handover:togivesomethingtosomeonewithyourhand,especiallybecausetheyhaveasked

foritorshouldhaveit.交出

drawup:toprepareawrittendocument,suchasalistorcontract起草(drawup

plans/proposal)

e.g:Hewasaskedtodrawupproposalsforreformingthelaw

makeout:

tobejustabletoseeorhearsomething看見(jiàn)或聽(tīng)見(jiàn)

tounderstandsomething,especiallythereasonwhysomelhinghashappened理解

writeoff:

towritealettertoacompanyororganizationaskingthemtosendyougoodsor

information寫(xiě)信寄出

todecidethatsomeoneorsomethingisuseless,unimportant,orafailure注銷(xiāo)

toofficiallysaythatadebtnolongerhastobepaid,orofficiallyaccept(hatyoucannotget

backmoneyyouhavespentorlost勾俏

1Sometimesitisnecessarytoinsistonfurtherexplanation.

2Youshouldn'tfocusonyourresponsewhileothersarestillspeaking.

3Peoplearcreluctanttoadmitthattheydon'tlistenwell.

4Therearebenefitsinseeingthingsfromthespeaker'sperspective.

5Keenobservationofthespeakercansupportourlisteningskills.

6Itisriskytothinkaboutadifferentissuewhilesomeoneisspeaking.

7Peopledonotmindhearingtheirownviewssummarised.

Goodlistener,bettermanager

A

Toooftenweaccuseothersofnotlistening,pretendingthatwcourselvesarcfaultless,yetinour

heartsweknowthatmanyofthemistakeswemakecomeaboutbecausewehaven'tlistened

carefullyenough.Wegetthingswrongbecausewehaven'tquiteunderstoodwhatsomeonemeant

whentheyweretalkingtous.Anyonewhohasevertakentheminutesofalongmeetingwillknow

howharditistoremember-despitethebenefitofnotes-exactlywhateveryonesaid.Butsuccess

dependsongettingthingsright-andthatmeanslistening.

B

Listeningisnotthesamethingashearing;itisnotaneffortlessactivity.Itdemandsattentionand

concentration.Itmaymeanquizzingthespeakerforadditionalinformationorforclarification-it

isalwaysbettertoaskthantocontinueregardlessandgetthingswrong.However,ifyouallow

yourmindtowanderontosomethingelse,evenfbrafewminutes,you'llmisswhatthespeakeris

saying-probablyattheverymomentwhenheorsheissayingsomethingcritical.Andnothaving

heard,youwon'tknowyou'vemissedanythinguntilitstoolate.

C

Themostcommonbadhabitwchaveistostartthinkingofwhatwcarcgoingtosayaboutthe

subjectlongbeforetheotherspeakerhasfinished.Wethensloplistening.Evenworse,thisoften

addsrudenesstoinattentiveness,asonceyouhavedecidedwhattosaythereisafairchanceyou

willinterrupt(osayit.Goodlistenersdon'tinterrupt.Infactitisoftenworthexplainingthemain

ideaofwhatyouhavejustbeentoldbeforegoingontomakeyourownpoints.Nobodyis

offendedbythisanditshowsthatyouhavelistenedwell.

D

Aboveallbepatientandacceptthatmanypeoplearenotverygoodcommunicators.It'shelpfulto

rememberthatihewayspeoplemoveandpositionthemselveswhiletheyarespeakingcanreveal

agreatdealaboutwhattheyarcsaying.Equallyimportantlyyoushouldputyourselfintheother

person'splace,bothintellectuall