高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1福建省泉州市四校聯(lián)考2025-2026學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期11月期中英語試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。APowerofPublicSpeakinghaspartneredwithASIInnovationLabstointegrateartificialintelligenceintothePopsClassroomplatformforimprovingpublicspeakingskills.ThefirstprojectisthePopsAdvisorwhichprovidesanautomaticevaluationofstudents’videopresentationswithvisualfeedback.TheAdvisorofferson-demandcommentstostudentspracticingpublicspeakingfromanywhere.Thisflexibilitybenefitsinstructors,whocanbeashands-onorhands-offduringpractice.Whilestudentscanoperateautonomouslywiththetool,instructorscanalsochoosetokeeptrackofstudents’progress.CriteriaUsingmachinelearningmodels,thePopsAdvisoranalyzesthefollowingcriteria:DeliveryIntroductionBodyConclusionVocalStyleVocalQualityVocalFillerEyeContactBodyLanguageCredibilityAttentionCentralIdeaPreviewConnectiveSupportLanguageConnectiveCredibilityOrganizationSignalingEndingSummaryMemorableEndingCredibilityFeedbackThepresenterreceivesfeedbackontheabovefourcategories.Andthisfeedbackisgiveninthefollowingformats:?RecommendationsToprovidepresenterswithvaluablefeedbackforthenextpractice,recommendationsfocusonspecificaspectsneedingimprovement.Forinstance,therecommendationcanbe“Yourmessageisclear,butbesureyouaregrabbingyouraudience’sattentioninyourintroductiontoensuretheyarelistening.”?SpeechMetrics(指標(biāo))Usefulspeechmetricsserveasquantitativedescriptorsonseveralaspectsofthepresentationincludingnumberofwords,totalpresentationtime,speakingrateandvocalfillerspercentage.PopsAdvisorcanbeusedinanyclassroomsettingwherestudentsarepresenting,particularlyintheBasicPublicSpeakingCourse.Whenyouareconsideringwhatcanbeachievedbyyourstudentstowardskilldevelopmentinasingleschoolsemester,Advisorincreasestheoveralldevelopment.1.WhatisthePopsAdvisor?A.Avoiceassistant. B.Avideoplayer. C.Atimetracker. D.Anevaluationtool.2.Whichofthefollowingcategoriesprovidesfeedbackonfacialexpressions?A.Delivery. B.Introduction. C.Body. D.Conclusion.3.Whoisthetextintendedfor?A.Labtechnicians. B.Publicspeechinstructors.C.Foreignlanguagelearners. D.ArtificialIntelligenceengineers.【答案】1.D2.A3.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章主要介紹了一款可以自動評估學(xué)生的視頻演示，并提供視覺反饋的工具PopsAdvisor?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“ThefirstprojectisthePopsAdvisorwhichprovidesanautomaticevaluationofstudents’videopresentationswithvisualfeedback.(第一個項(xiàng)目是PopsAdvisor，它可以自動評估學(xué)生的視頻演示，并提供視覺反饋。)”以及第二段“Whilestudentscanoperateautonomouslywiththetool,instructorscanalsochoosetokeeptrackofstudents’progress.(學(xué)生可以使用該工具自主操作，教師也可以選擇跟蹤學(xué)生的進(jìn)度。)”可知，PopsAdvisor是一款評估工具，故選D項(xiàng)。【2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Criteria部分Delivery中的“BodyLanguage(肢體語言)”可知Delivery這一項(xiàng)提供面部表情反饋，故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“TheAdvisorofferson-demandcommentstostudentspracticingpublicspeakingfromanywhere.Thisflexibilitybenefitsinstructors,whocanbeashands-onorhands-offduringpractice.Whilestudentscanoperateautonomouslywiththetool,instructorscanalsochoosetokeeptrackofstudents’progress.(TheAdvisor為在任何地方練習(xí)公共演講的學(xué)生提供按需評論。這種靈活性有利于教師，他們可以在練習(xí)中親力親為或放手不管。學(xué)生可以使用該工具自主操作，教師也可以選擇跟蹤學(xué)生的進(jìn)度。)”以及最后一段“PopsAdvisorcanbeusedinanyclassroomsettingwherestudentsarepresenting,particularlyintheBasicPublicSpeakingCourse.(PopsAdvisor可以在任何學(xué)生演講的課堂環(huán)境中使用，特別是在基礎(chǔ)公共演講課程中。)”可推知本文是針對公共演講講師的，故選B項(xiàng)。BHaroldSimmonsneverintendedtobecomeaneighborhoodlegend(傳奇).At73,hewasjustaretiredworkerwithtoomuchtimeandanemptybackyard.Whatstartedasasimplegardenrailroadprojectquicklybecamesomethingextraordinary.Itbeganwithasinglecirculartrackandanoldsteamenginehe’drescuedfromasale.Eachday,hewouldaddtinydetails—atinygeneralstore,alittlechurchandsomehandcraftedtrees.Theneighborhoodchildrenwouldsometimeslookoverthefence,theireyeswidewithwonder.Oneparticularlycurious10-year-oldnamedMayastartedvisitingregularlyafterschool.HerworkingparentsappreciatedthatHarolddidn’tmindherwatchinghimwork.He’dexplaineachtinydetail.Wordspread.NeighborswhohadpreviouslyjustwavedpolitelystoppedtoadmireHarold’sgrowinglandscape.Childrenbroughttheirparents.Retiredworkerssharedstoriesabouttherealtrainsandtownsthemodelsrepresented.WhenthelocalelementaryschoolheardaboutHarold’sproject,theyaskedifhe’dbewillingtohostafieldtrip.Haroldwassurprised.Suddenly,classroomsofchildrenwerelearninghistory,engineering,andcreativitythroughhistinyrailroad.MayaconvincedheruncletocreateawebsiteshowingHarold’srailroad.Itwentpopularlocallyandthenregionally.Peoplestartedsendinghimminiature(微型的)pieceslikeatinywatertowerfromWisconsin.Soontherailroadbecamealivinghistorymuseum,aclassroom,andagatheringplace.Onweekends,Haroldwouldletchildrencontrolthetrains,theirsmallhandscarefullymanagingthecontrollersandtheirfaceslitwithpurejoy.Someparentsnoticedtheirkidswerelearningpatience,precision,andstorytellingthroughthissimplehobby.BythetimeHaroldturned80,hisbackyardhadbecomeacommunitylandmark.Localschoolsincludedvisitsintotheircurriculum(課程).retirementhomesorganizedgrouptrips.Artistsandhistoriansturnedtohim.Thetinytracksbecamesomethingmagical,showinghowpassion,creativity,andopennesscouldbuildconnectionsfarbiggerthananyonecouldimagine.4.WhydidHaroldstartbuildingthegardenrailroad?A.Tokillhissparetime. B.Tohostfieldtrips.C.Totrainlocalchildren. D.Tobecomefamous.5.Whatwastheneighbors’attitudetowardHarold’sproject?A.Critical. B.Negative. C.Appreciative. D.Uncertain.6.WhydidHarold’sprojectattractthelocalelementaryschool?A.Itincludedanewsteamengine. B.Ithadaneducativevalue.C.Itwaspraisedonawebsite. D.Itwasagardenprogramme.7.Whatlessoncanwelearnfromthestory?A.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.B.Manyhandsmakelightwork.C.Educationknowsnoboundaries.D.Smallthingsmakeabigdifference.【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了73歲的退休工人HaroldSimmons在自家后院建造了一個花園鐵路模型，起初只是為了消磨時間，但這個項(xiàng)目逐漸吸引了鄰居、孩子和學(xué)校的注意，最終成為社區(qū)的地標(biāo)。【4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“At73,hewasjustaretiredworkerwithtoomuchtimeandanemptybackyard.(73歲時，他只是一個退休工人，有太多的時間和空蕩蕩的后院)”可知，Harold開始建造花園鐵路是為了消磨空閑時間。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Wordspread.NeighborswhohadpreviouslyjustwavedpolitelystoppedtoadmireHarold’sgrowinglandscape.Childrenbroughttheirparents.Retiredworkerssharedstoriesabouttherealtrainsandtownsthemodelsrepresented.(消息傳開了。以前只是禮貌揮手的鄰居們停下來欣賞哈羅德不斷擴(kuò)大的景觀。孩子們帶著父母一起來。退休工人們分享了模型所代表的真實(shí)火車和城鎮(zhèn)的故事)”可知，鄰居們對Harold的項(xiàng)目是欣賞和喜愛的。故選C項(xiàng)。【6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“WhenthelocalelementaryschoolheardaboutHarold’sproject,theyaskedifhe’dbewillingtohostafieldtrip.Haroldwassurprised.Suddenly,classroomsofchildrenwerelearninghistory,engineering,andcreativitythroughhistinyrailroad.(當(dāng)?shù)匦W(xué)聽說了哈羅德的項(xiàng)目后，問他是否愿意接待一次實(shí)地考察。哈羅德很驚訝。突然間，教室里的孩子們通過他的微型鐵路學(xué)習(xí)歷史、工程和創(chuàng)造力)”可知，哈羅德的項(xiàng)目能夠讓孩子們學(xué)習(xí)歷史、工程和創(chuàng)造力，可推理出哈羅德的項(xiàng)目具有教育價值。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“At73,hewasjustaretiredworkerwithtoomuchtimeandanemptybackyard.(73歲時，他只是一個退休工人，有太多的時間和空蕩蕩的后院)”、第三段中“Wordspread.NeighborswhohadpreviouslyjustwavedpolitelystoppedtoadmireHarold’sgrowinglandscape.Childrenbroughttheirparents.Retiredworkerssharedstoriesabouttherealtrainsandtownsthemodelsrepresented.(消息傳開了。以前只是禮貌揮手的鄰居們停下來欣賞哈羅德不斷擴(kuò)大的景觀。孩子們帶著父母一起來。退休工人們分享了模型所代表的真實(shí)火車和城鎮(zhèn)的故事)”、第四段“WhenthelocalelementaryschoolheardaboutHarold’sproject,theyaskedifhe’dbewillingtohostafieldtrip.Haroldwassurprised.Suddenly,classroomsofchildrenwerelearninghistory,engineering,andcreativitythroughhistinyrailroad.(當(dāng)?shù)匦W(xué)聽說了哈羅德的項(xiàng)目后，問他是否愿意接待一次實(shí)地考察。哈羅德很驚訝。突然間，教室里的孩子們通過他的微型鐵路學(xué)習(xí)歷史、工程和創(chuàng)造力)”以及最后一段“BythetimeHaroldturned80,hisbackyardhadbecomeacommunitylandmark.Localschoolsincludedvisitsintotheircurriculum(課程).retirementhomesorganizedgrouptrips.Artistsandhistoriansturnedtohim.Thetinytracksbecamesomethingmagical,showinghowpassion,creativity,andopennesscouldbuildconnectionsfarbiggerthananyonecouldimagine.(當(dāng)哈羅德年滿80歲時，他的后院已然成為一個社區(qū)地標(biāo)。當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校將其納入教學(xué)課程安排參觀；養(yǎng)老院組織集體前往游覽；藝術(shù)家和歷史學(xué)家也紛紛慕名而來。這些小小的軌道變得充滿魔力，昭示著熱情、創(chuàng)造力與開放的心態(tài)所能構(gòu)筑起的聯(lián)結(jié)，其影響力之深遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過任何人最初的想象)”可知，文章講述了一個退休老人最初只是為了消磨時間而建造的微型鐵路模型，最終發(fā)展成為一個社區(qū)地標(biāo)，吸引了孩子、學(xué)校、退休老人等，產(chǎn)生了巨大的社會影響。由此推知，我們可以從這個故事學(xué)到“微小的事物也能產(chǎn)生巨大的影響”。故選D項(xiàng)。CHaveyoueverfoundyourselfreallywantingtochangeyetsomehowremainingstuckinthesamepatterns?Theanswermightnotbeinyourbehaviors,butinyourbeliefs—specifically,thebeliefsyouhaveaboutyourselfandwhoyouare.Thisiswhatpsychologistscallself-conceptinertia(惰性).Self-conceptinertiaisthepsychologicalresistancetochangingouridentity.Ourself-conceptisinfluencedbyournarrativeidentity,whichismadeupofthestorieswetellaboutourselves.Thesenarrativescangobeyondsimplydescribingwhowearetoday—theycanrestrictusfrombeingwhowebelievewe’recapableofbecominginthefuture.Thismeansthatevenifwewanttochange,aslongasweholdontoouroldidentities,we’llunintentionallyresistmakingthechangesweknowweneedtomaketobecomethe“new”versionofourselves.Ourself-conceptdoesn’tyieldeasily,eventoourconscious(有意識的)desires.Whenyourbehaviorscontradictyourself-image,youexperienceastateofpsychologicaldiscomfort.Forexample,ifyou’vealwaysseenyourselfas“notamorningperson”,successfullywakingupat5a.m.createstensionwithyourestablishedidentity.Soyourbrainhastwooptions:Updateyourself-concept(hard)orabandonthenewbehavior(easier).AsCarolDweckdiscussesinherbookMindset:TheNewPsychologyofSuccess,peoplewith“fixedmindsets”tendtoavoidchallengesthatmightcontradicttheirself-concept.Yetyourself-conceptismalleablebydesign.Noticewhenyouuseaphraselike“I’mjustnota___8___person”.Theabsolutestatementsignalsfewchangeswillhappen.Insteadof“I’mnotanorganizedperson”(identity),try“Ihaven’tdevelopedstrongorganizationalsystemsyet”(behavior).Identitystatementsfeelpermanent,butbehaviorstatementsfeelchangeable.Identifyingthesehabitsalsogivesyouinsightintoasolutionyoucanpracticeandimprove.Self-conceptinertiaweakenswhenweholdouridentitieslightly.Whenweseeourselvesasworksinprogressratherthanfinishedproducts,wecreatethepsychologicalspaceneededforgenuinetransformation.Thequestionisn’twhetheryoucanchange—it’swhetheryou’rewillingtoletgooffamiliarlimitationstodiscoverwhatliesbeyondthem.8.Howdoesournarrativeidentityaffectus?A.Itdefinesourbetterfuture. B.Itchangesourself-concept.C.Itlimitsourbehaviourchoices. D.Itimprovesourpreviousselves.9.Whatdoestheexampleofwakingupat5a.m.illustrate?A.Thedifficultyingettingridoftension.B.Thebenefitsofbecominganearlyriser.C.Theconflictbetweenbehaviourandself-identity.D.Theimportanceoffollowingastrictdailyroutine.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“malleable”inparagraph4mean?A.Predictable. B.Available. C.Sustainable. D.Adjustable.11.Whatdoestheauthoradvisepeopletodo?A.Makeperfectproducts. B.Avoidlabellingyourself.C.Monitorpsychologicalchanges. D.Attachimportancetoself-image.【答案】8.C9.C10.D11.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了自我概念惰性這一心理現(xiàn)象，即人們心理上抗拒改變自我身份，闡述了敘事身份對我們的影響，以及如何應(yīng)對自我概念惰性?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Ourself-conceptisinfluencedbyournarrativeidentity,whichismadeupofthestorieswetellaboutourselves.Thesenarrativescangobeyondsimplydescribingwhowearetoday—theycanrestrictusfrombeingwhowebelievewe’recapableofbecominginthefuture.Thismeansthatevenifwewanttochange,aslongasweholdontoouroldidentities,we’llunintentionallyresistmakingthechangesweknowweneedtomaketobecomethe“new”versionofourselves.”(我們的自我概念受敘事身份的影響，敘事身份由我們講述的關(guān)于自己的故事構(gòu)成。這些敘事不僅僅局限于描述我們當(dāng)下是誰，它們還會限制我們成為我們相信自己未來有能力成為的人。這意味著，即便我們想要改變，但只要我們緊握著舊有的身份不放，就會在不經(jīng)意間抗拒做出那些我們深知需要做出、以成為“全新”自我的改變)”可知，敘事身份不僅描述當(dāng)下的我們，還會限制我們成為我們認(rèn)為自己未來有能力成為的人，也就是限制我們的行為選擇。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Whenyourbehaviorscontradictyourself-image,youexperienceastateofpsychologicaldiscomfort.Forexample,ifyou’vealwaysseenyourselfas“notamorningperson”,successfullywakingupat5a.m.createstensionwithyourestablishedidentity.Soyourbrainhastwooptions:Updateyourself-concept(hard)orabandonthenewbehavior(easier).(當(dāng)你的行為與自我形象相悖時，你會經(jīng)歷一種心理不適的狀態(tài)。例如，如果你一直認(rèn)為自己“不是早起的人”，那么在早上5點(diǎn)成功起床就會與你既定的身份產(chǎn)生沖突。所以你的大腦有兩個選擇：更新你的自我概念或放棄新的行為)”可知，當(dāng)行為與自我形象沖突時，大腦面臨更新自我概念(困難)或放棄新行為(容易)的選擇，接下來以早上5點(diǎn)起床為例，是為了說明行為與自我身份之間的沖突。故選C?！?0題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中“Noticewhenyouuseaphraselike“I’mjustnota_____person”.Theabsolutestatementsignalsfewchangeswillhappen.Insteadof“I’mnotanorganizedperson”(identity),try“Ihaven’tdevelopedstrongorganizationalsystemsyet”(behavior).Identitystatementsfeelpermanent,butbehaviorstatementsfeelchangeable.(注意當(dāng)你使用“我只是不是一個……的人”這樣的表述時。這種絕對的表述意味著幾乎不會有什么變化。不要說“我不是一個有條理的人”(身份表述)，試著說“我還沒有建立起強(qiáng)大的組織體系”(行為表述)。身份表述給人一種永久不變的感覺，而行為表述則給人一種可改變的感覺)”可知，作者建議把身份表述(如“我不是一個有條理的人”)轉(zhuǎn)化為行為表述(如“我還沒有建立起強(qiáng)大的組織體系”)，因?yàn)樯矸荼硎龈杏X是固定的，而行為表述感覺是可以改變的，這表明自我概念是可以改變的，也就是具有可調(diào)整性的，所以malleable意思是“可調(diào)整的”。A.Predictable可預(yù)測的；B.Available可獲得的；C.Sustainable可持續(xù)的；D.Adjustable可調(diào)整的。故選D?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Noticewhenyouuseaphraselike“I’mjustnota_____person”.Theabsolutestatementsignalsfewchangeswillhappen.Insteadof“I’mnotanorganizedperson”(identity),try“Ihaven’tdevelopedstrongorganizationalsystemsyet”(behavior).Identitystatementsfeelpermanent,butbehaviorstatementsfeelchangeable.Identifyingthesehabitsalsogivesyouinsightintoasolutionyoucanpracticeandimprove.”(注意當(dāng)你使用“我只是不是一個……的人”這樣的表述時。這種絕對的表述意味著幾乎不會有什么變化。不要說“我不是一個有條理的人”(身份表述)，試著說“我還沒有建立起強(qiáng)大的組織體系”(行為表述)。身份表述給人一種永久不變的感覺，而行為表述則給人一種可改變的感覺。識別這些習(xí)慣也能讓你洞察到一個你可以練習(xí)和改進(jìn)的解決方案)”和最后一段中“Whenweseeourselvesasworksinprogressratherthanfinishedproducts,wecreatethepsychologicalspaceneededforgenuinetransformation.Thequestionisn’twhetheryoucanchange—it’swhetheryou’rewillingtoletgooffamiliarlimitationstodiscoverwhatliesbeyondthem.”(當(dāng)我們把自己看作是正在進(jìn)行中的作品，而不是成品時，我們就為真正的轉(zhuǎn)變創(chuàng)造了必要的心理空間。問題不在于你能否改變，而在于你是否愿意放下熟悉的限制，去發(fā)現(xiàn)它們之外的東西)”可知，作者建議人們不要用絕對的身份表述來限制自己，而應(yīng)該用行為表述，并且把自己看作是正在進(jìn)行中的作品，也就是不要給自己貼標(biāo)簽。故選B。DBathinginthesunhasbeenconsideredahealthhazardforatleastfourdecades.Itmainlycomesfromultraviolet(UV)light,whichtheSunemitsalongsidevisibleradiation.TherisksUVposesarereal,butanewresearchsuggestsitmaybetimetoconsiderthebenefits.AccordingtoastudypublishedrecentlyinHealthandPlace,increasedUVexposureappearstomakepeoplesignificantlylesslikelytodieofcardiovascular(心血管)diseaseaswellascancer.Toconducttheiranalysis,theresearchersfromtheUniversityofEdinburghuseddatafromover360,000peopleintheUKBiobank,adatabase.TheyidentifiedtwogroupsmorelikelytohavehighUVexposure:thosewhoclaimedtousesunbedsorsunlamps;andthoselivinginsunnierlocations.Tocheckthattheirassumptionsaboutthesubjects’UVexposurewerecorrect,thescientistsalsolookedatvitaminDlevelsinasubsetofbloodsamples.AsvitaminDissynthesisedintheskininthepresenceofcertainformsofUVradiation,itisareliableindicatorofsolarexposure.Theiranalysisshowedthatsunbed-userswere23%lesslikelytodieofcardiovasculardisease,and14%lesslikelytodieofcancer,thannon-users.Similartrendshelddependingonwherepeoplelived.Sunbed-users,inotherwords,livedanaverageof48dayslongerthannon-usersoverthe15yearsduringwhichtheywerestudied.TheexactmechanismwherebyUVlightmightlengthenlivesisunknown.TheauthorsbelievepartoftheexplanationmaylieinvitaminD’scompetenceinboostingtheimmunesystemandimprovingbonehealth.Theyalsopointtonitricoxide(NO，一氧化氮),apowerfulblood-vesselwidenercapableofreducingtheriskofcardiovasculardisease.ApriorresearchpublishedintheJournalofInvestigativeDermatologyshowedthatNOisreleasedinskincellsthathavemoderateexposuretosomeUVradiation,andsunlighthelpsmoveitintothecirculatorysystems.Butfornow,expertsagreethestudyisnotalicencetostopwearingsuncream.12.Howdoestheauthorpresenttheissueinthefirstparagraph?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bydefiningaconcept.C.Byprovidingalong-heldopinion. D.Bymakingcomparison.13.WhatisemployedtomeasureUVexposure?A.Thelocationsofliving. B.Thelengthofsunbathing.C.Thefrequencyofsunbathing. D.ThelevelofvitaminDinblood.14.WhichmechanismisapossiblewayUVexposurelengthenslife?A.Reducingbonedensity. B.Movingthecirculatorysystem.C.Restrictingtheimmunesystem. D.ReleasingNOtowidenbloodvessels.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthisarticle?A.Sunbathing:RiskingOurSkin. B.UVExposure:BenefitsorNot?C.SunCream:AcureforUVExposure. D.VitaminD:AWaytoLengthenLifespan?【答案】12.C13.D14.D15.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了一項(xiàng)研究，研究表明紫外線暴露可能帶來健康益處，如降低心血管疾病和癌癥死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但具體機(jī)制尚不明確?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Bathinginthesunhasbeenconsideredahealthhazardforatleastfourdecades.(至少四十年來，曬太陽一直被認(rèn)為是一種健康危害。)”可知，作者在第一段通過提供一個長期持有的觀點(diǎn)來引出話題。故選C?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Tocheckthattheirassumptionsaboutthesubjects’UVexposurewerecorrect,thescientistsalsolookedatvitaminDlevelsinasubsetofbloodsamples.AsvitaminDissynthesisedintheskininthepresenceofcertainformsofUVradiation,itisareliableindicatorofsolarexposure.(為了驗(yàn)證他們對受試者紫外線暴露的假設(shè)是否正確，科學(xué)家們還檢查了一部分血液樣本中的維生素D水平。由于維生素D是在某些形式的紫外線輻射存在的情況下在皮膚中合成的，因此它是太陽暴露的一個可靠指標(biāo)。)”可知，通過血液中維生素D的水平來測量紫外線暴露。故選D?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Theyalsopointtonitricoxide(NO，一氧化氮),apowerfulblood-vesselwidenercapableofreducingtheriskofcardiovasculardisease.ApriorresearchpublishedintheJournalofInvestigativeDermatologyshowedthatNOisreleasedinskincellsthathavemoderateexposuretosomeUVradiation,andsunlighthelpsmoveitintothecirculatorysystems.(他們還指出一氧化氮（NO）是一種強(qiáng)大的血管擴(kuò)張劑，能夠降低心血管疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。發(fā)表在《皮膚病學(xué)研究雜志》上的一項(xiàng)先前研究表明，NO在皮膚細(xì)胞中釋放，這些細(xì)胞受到一定程度的紫外線輻射，陽光有助于將其轉(zhuǎn)移到循環(huán)系統(tǒng)。)”可知，釋放一氧化氮擴(kuò)張血管可能是紫外線暴露延長壽命的一種可能機(jī)制。故選D?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)第一段中“TherisksUVposesarereal,butanewresearchsuggestsitmaybetimetoconsiderthebenefits.(紫外線帶來的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是真實(shí)的，但一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，或許是時候考慮它的益處了。)”以及最后一段中“TheexactmechanismwherebyUVlightmightlengthenlivesisunknown.(紫外線延長壽命的確切機(jī)制尚不清楚。)”可知，文章主要討論了紫外線暴露的益處，以及其延長壽命的可能機(jī)制，但具體機(jī)制尚不明確。因此，選項(xiàng)B“UVExposure:BenefitsorNot?(紫外線暴露：有益還是有害？)”作為文章標(biāo)題最合適。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Allergies(過敏)havebecomemorecommonoverthelast30years.____16____Halfofthesesufferersarechildren.Allergyisareactionthatoccurswhentheimmunesystem,whichproducessubstancestohelpyourbodyfightagainstinfectionanddisease,hasastrangeandunnecessaryreactiontoanormallyharmlesssubstance,suchasseafoodorpeanuts.Todefendyourbodyagainstanattacker,theimmunesystemremembersthesedangerousmicro-organismsandattacksthemifitmeetsthemagain.____17____Theimmunesystemofallergysufferersmakesantibodies(抗體)againstharmlesssubstancesbecauseitmistakenlybelievesthemdangerous.Anallergicreactionmaynothappenthefirsttimeasufferermeetsanallergen(thesubstancecausingthereaction).____18____Whathashappenedisthattheimmunesystemhasnowdecidedthesubstanceisdangerousandhasmadeanallergyantibody.Thisleadstothesignsofanallergy,suchasswelling,rashes,sneezing,soreeyes,andbreathlessness.Somepeoplearebornwiththeabilitytomakelotsofallergyantibodies.Theyaremorelikelytodevelopallergies.Theremayalsobealinkbetweenallergiesandantibiotics(抗生素).Atonetime,ourimmunesystemswerekeptbusyfightingoffdiseaseandtryingtowinthebattleforhealth,butantibioticshavereducedourimmunesystems’work.____19____Agooddealofresearchisbeingdevotedtofindingacureforallergies.____20____Theymayalsobeofferedteststofindoutwhatsubstancescauseanallergicreactionsothattheycanavoidcontactwiththeminthefuture.A.Thisworkisdonebyantibodies.B.Themostsevereallergicreactionmustbetreatedimmediately.C.Sufferersmaybegivenmedicinetocontrolthesignsofillness.D.Now,one-thirdofusareaffectedbyanallergyatsomepointinourlives.E.Theantibodythenattachesitselftocells,whichcontaincertainchemicals.F.Thusspareenergymaybedirectedtoharmlesssubstancessuchasstrawberries.G.Sometimes,peoplecaneatnutsforyearsandsuddenlybecomeallergictothem.【答案】16.D17.A18.G19.F20.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。主要說明了過去30年過敏更普遍，三分之一的人會受影響，一半患者是兒童。過敏是免疫系統(tǒng)對無害物質(zhì)的異常反應(yīng)。過敏反應(yīng)不一定首次接觸過敏原就發(fā)生，免疫系統(tǒng)還可能因抗生素而將精力指向無害物質(zhì)。研究致力于治過敏，患者或用藥控制癥狀、做測試避過敏原?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Allergies(過敏)havebecomemorecommonoverthelast30years.(在過去的30年里，過敏變得越來越普遍)”以及后文“Halfofthesesufferersarechildren.(這些患者中有一半是兒童)”可知，本句主要是在說明人們過敏的普遍情況。故D選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在，我們中有三分之一的人在生活的某個階段受到過敏的影響”承接前文數(shù)據(jù)，引出后文兒童比例，故選D?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Todefendyourbodyagainstanattacker,theimmunesystemremembersthesedangerousmicro-organismsandattacksthemifitmeetsthemagain.(為了保護(hù)你的身體免受攻擊，免疫系統(tǒng)會記住這些危險(xiǎn)的微生物，如果再次遇到它們就會攻擊它們)”以及后文“Theimmunesystemofallergysufferersmakesantibodies(抗體)againstharmlesssubstancesbecauseitmistakenlybelievesthemdangerous.(過敏患者的免疫系統(tǒng)會對無害物質(zhì)產(chǎn)生抗體，因?yàn)樗e誤地認(rèn)為這些物質(zhì)是危險(xiǎn)的)”可知，上文解釋了免疫系統(tǒng)的作用，后文提到了產(chǎn)生抗體，推測免疫系統(tǒng)發(fā)揮作用需要抗體，A選項(xiàng)antibodies對應(yīng)后文antibodies。故A選項(xiàng)“這項(xiàng)工作是由抗體完成的”符合語境，故選A?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Anallergicreactionmaynothappenthefirsttimeasufferermeetsanallergen(thesubstancecausingthereaction).(患者第一次接觸過敏原（引起過敏反應(yīng)的物質(zhì)）時可能不會發(fā)生過敏反應(yīng))”以及后文“Whathashappenedisthattheimmunesystemhasnowdecidedthesubstanceisdangerousandhasmadeanallergyantibody.(現(xiàn)在的情況是，免疫系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)確定這種物質(zhì)是危險(xiǎn)的，并產(chǎn)生了過敏抗體)”可知，上文提到了第一次接觸不會過敏，后文提到了免疫系統(tǒng)確定物質(zhì)危險(xiǎn)產(chǎn)生抗體，說明過敏是之后發(fā)生的。故G選項(xiàng)“有時候，人們可能吃了多年堅(jiān)果，突然對它們過敏”舉例說明此現(xiàn)象，故選G?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Theremayalsobealinkbetweenallergiesandantibiotics(抗生素).Atonetime,ourimmunesystemswerekeptbusyfightingoffdiseaseandtryingtowinthebattleforhealth,butantibioticshavereducedourimmunesystems’work.(過敏和抗生素之間也可能存在聯(lián)系。曾經(jīng)，我們的免疫系統(tǒng)忙于抵抗疾病，試圖贏得健康之戰(zhàn)，但抗生素減少了我們免疫系統(tǒng)的工作)”可知，前文說抗生素減少了免疫系統(tǒng)的工作，本句進(jìn)一步說明免疫系統(tǒng)因?yàn)楣ぷ鳒p少而可能發(fā)生的的事情（該事情應(yīng)與過敏相關(guān)），故F選項(xiàng)“因此，多余的能量可以用于草莓等無害物質(zhì)”解釋過敏增加原因，故選F?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Agooddealofresearchisbeingdevotedtofindingacureforallergies.(大量的研究正致力于尋找治療過敏的方法)”以及后文“Theymayalsobeofferedteststofindoutwhatsubstancescauseanallergicreactionsothattheycanavoidcontactwiththeminthefuture.(他們也可以接受測試，以找出哪些物質(zhì)會引起過敏反應(yīng)，以便他們將來避免接觸這些物質(zhì))”可知，前文說大量研究致力于尋找治療過敏的方法，后文說可能會進(jìn)行測試找出引起過敏反應(yīng)的物質(zhì)，本句銜接前后文，說明除了研究治療方法，還會對患者采取藥物控制癥狀等措施，故C選項(xiàng)“患者可能會被給予藥物來控制疾病的跡象”符合語境，故選C。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。WhenJenniferCandotticleanedhercloset,sherediscoveredaflowerydress.ThoughshehaddonatedmanyclothesbeforemovingtoSwitzerland,shecouldn’tpartwiththisone.“Itholdstoomany____21____.”shesaid.Thedressremindedherofcollegedayswithherbestfriends:RobinClark,RobinGarrison,andAngieCarrano.Inherfavorite1989photo,she’swearingthatdressandthefourwerelaughing,holdingblueplastic____22____filledwithbeer.Thephoto,____23____intheirhomesdecadeslater,representedtheirunbreakablebond“It’s____24____thetestoftime.”Clarksaid.Lastyear,CandottifoundthedressbeforetheirannualtriptoItaly.She____25____thephototothegroup,sparkinganidea:“Let’s____26____this!”Packingthedress,shejoinedherfriendsforaweekofpasta-makingandhilltop____27____.InItaly,Candottiworetheoriginaldress,whiletheothers____28____1980s-styleoutfits.Garrisoneven____29____thebluesolocupsfromtheUS,fillingthemwithfineItalianwineinsteadoftheiroldcheapbeer.“We’ve_____30_____.”Clarkjoked.Candotti’shusbandhelpedthemrecapturetheir_____31_____,andtheyquicklygotthememorableshotbetweenlaughter.Nowintheir50s,thefriendsarebusywithcareersandfamiliesbut_____32_____yearlytrips.“Theseadventuresremindushowfriendshipshapeswhoweare.”Candottisaid.WhetherreconnectinginEdinburghorLeMarche,their_____33_____echotheircollegedays:sharingrecipes,_____34_____life’schallenges,andlaughingunderoneroof.“There’ssomuchinthatphotothatsomebodyelsejustlookingatitdoesn’tsee,butwecanseeandfeelit,”Clarksays.“AndIthinkthat’swhat’sso_____35_____aboutit.”21.A.secrets B.tasks C.memories D.rules22.A.bottles B.cups C.bowls D.plates23.A.painted B.hung C.broken D.hidden24.A.stood B.failed C.replaced D.weakened25.A.exposed B.drew C.described D.texted26.A.recreate B.borrow C.forget D.donate27.A.routines B.accidents C.trials D.adventures28.A.threwaway B.dugout C.heldon D.cameacross29.A.made B.sold C.exported D.sourced30.A.upgraded B.adapted C.encountered D.delayed31.A.expressions B.costumes C.poses D.attitudes32.A.prioritize B.cancel C.ignore D.advertise33.A.incidents B.gatherings C.perspectives D.departures34.A.highlighting B.avoiding C.discussing D.interrupting35.A.logical B.common C.special D.practical【答案】21.C22.B23.B24.A25.D26.A27.D28.B29.D30.A31.C32.A33.B34.C35.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要講的是一條無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)的裙子讓JenniferCandotti回憶起了與好友們的大學(xué)時光，于是在她的提議下好友們在去年的旅行聚會時又穿上了大學(xué)時代的服裝，拍攝了一張令人難忘的照片的故事?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她說：“它承載了太多的回憶?！盇.secrets秘密；B.tasks任務(wù)；C.memories記憶，回憶；D.rules規(guī)則，條例。根據(jù)后文“Thedressremindedherofcollegedayswithherbestfriends:RobinClark,RobinGarrison,andAngieCarrano.”可知，這件裙子讓她想起了大學(xué)時代和她最好的朋友，所以承載了很多回憶，故選C項(xiàng)。【22題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在她最喜歡的1989年的照片中，她穿著那條裙子，四個人笑著，手里拿著裝滿啤酒的藍(lán)色塑料杯。A.bottles瓶子；B.cups杯子；C.bowls碗；D.plates盤子。根據(jù)空后“filledwithbeer”以及后文“thebluesolocupsfromtheUS”可知，此處指的是裝滿啤酒的藍(lán)色塑料杯，故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：幾十年后，這張照片掛在她們的家中，代表了她們牢不可破的關(guān)系。Clark說。A.painted上油漆，涂顏料；B.hung懸掛，垂落；C.broken打碎，弄壞，違反；D.hidden隱藏，遮擋。根據(jù)空后“intheirhomesdecadeslater”可知，照片懸掛在她們的家里，故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“它經(jīng)受住了時間的考驗(yàn)?！盋lark說。A.stood經(jīng)受，容忍，站立；B.failed失敗，辜負(fù)；C.replaced取代，替換，放回；D.weakened變?nèi)?，削弱，減弱。根據(jù)前文“intheirhomesdecadeslater,representedtheirunbreakablebond”以及空后“thetestoftime”可知這幅畫在她們家懸掛了幾