科學(xué)與技術(shù)（解析版）【材料來(lái)源：TheNewYorkTimesMar29,2024】ShouldWeFeartheWokeA.I.?Imagineashortstoryfromthegoldenageofsciencefiction,somethingthatwouldappearinapulpmagazinein1956.Ourtitleis“TheTruthEngine,”andthestoryenvisionsafuturewherecomputers,thosehulking,floor-to-ceilingthings,becomepotentenoughtoguidehumanbeingstoanswerstoanyquestiontheymightask,fromthecapitalofBoliviatothebestwaytomarinadeasteak.Howwouldsuchastoryend?Withsomekindofreveal,nodoubt,ofasecretagendalurkingbehindthepromiseofall-encompassingknowledge.Forinstance,maybethere’saTruthEngine2.0,smarterandmorecreative,thateveryonecan’twaittogettheirhandson.Andthenabandofdissidentsdiscoverthatversion2.0isfanaticalandmad,thattheEnginehasjustbeenpreparinghumansfortotalitarianbrainwashingorinvoluntaryextinction.Thisflightoffancyisinspiredbyoursociety’sownversionoftheTruthEngine,theoracleofGoogle,whichrecentlydebutedGemini,thelatestentrantinthegreatartificialintelligencerace.Itdidn’ttakelongforuserstonoticecertain…odditieswithGemini.ThemostnotablewasitsstruggletorenderaccuratedepictionsofVikings,ancientRomans,Americanfoundingfathers,randomcouplesin1820sGermanyandvariousotherdemographicsusuallycharacterizedbyapalerhueofskin.PerhapstheproblemwasjustthattheA.I.wasprogrammedforracialdiversityinstockimagery,anditshistoricalrenderingshadsomehow(asacompanystatementputit)“missedthemark”—delivering,forinstance,AfricanandAsianfacesinWehrmachtuniformsinresponsetoarequesttoseeaGermansoldiercirca1943.ButthewayinwhichGeminiansweredquestionsmadeitsnonwhitedefaultsseemmorelikeaweirdemanationoftheA.I.’sunderlyingworldview.Usersreportedbeinglecturedon“harmfulstereotypes”whentheyaskedtoseeaNormanRockwellimage,beingtoldtheycouldseepicturesofVladimirLeninbutnotAdolfHitler,andturneddownwhentheyrequestedimagesdepictinggroupsspecifiedaswhite(butnototherraces).Describingthesekindsofresultsas“wokeA.I.”isn’taninsult.It’satechnicaldescriptionofwhattheworld’sdominantsearchenginedecidedtorelease.【譯文欣賞】我們應(yīng)該害怕覺(jué)醒的??智能嗎？想象?下科幻?說(shuō)??時(shí)代的?個(gè)短篇故事，它出現(xiàn)在1956年的?本通俗雜志上。我們的標(biāo)題是《真理引擎》，這個(gè)故事設(shè)想了?個(gè)未來(lái)，那些龐?、從地板到天花板的計(jì)算機(jī)變得?夠強(qiáng)?，能夠引導(dǎo)?類找到他們可能提出的任何問(wèn)題的答案，從玻利維亞的?都到?排的最佳腌制?法。這種奇思妙想的靈感來(lái)?我們社會(huì)??的“真理引擎”，即?歌的預(yù)?者，它最近推出了Gemini，這是??智能競(jìng)賽中的最新參與者。?戶很快就注意到了Gemini的?些……異常。最引?注?的是，它這樣的故事會(huì)如何結(jié)束呢？毫?疑問(wèn)，在全知全能的知識(shí)承諾背后隱藏著?個(gè)秘密議程。例如，也許存在?個(gè)真理引擎2.0更智能、更有創(chuàng)意，每個(gè)?都迫不及待地想要擁有。然后?群持不同政?者發(fā)現(xiàn)2.0版本是狂熱和瘋狂的，這臺(tái)引擎只是在為?類準(zhǔn)備全?的洗腦或??愿的滅絕。這種奇思妙想的靈感來(lái)?我們社會(huì)??的“真理引擎”，即?歌的預(yù)?者，它最近推出了Gemini，這是??智能競(jìng)賽中的最新參與者。?戶很快就注意到了Gemini的?些……異常。最引?注?的是，它在渲染維京?、古羅??、美國(guó)開(kāi)國(guó)元?jiǎng)住?820年代德國(guó)的隨機(jī)情侶以及其他通常被描述為膚?較淺的群體時(shí)遇到了困難。也許問(wèn)題只是??智能被編程?于庫(kù)存圖像中的種族多樣性，?它的歷史渲染在某種程度上（正如公司聲明中所說(shuō)）“偏離了?標(biāo)”——例如，在回應(yīng)要求看到?約1943年的德國(guó)?兵的請(qǐng)求時(shí)，它展示了?洲和亞洲?孔的穿著德國(guó)國(guó)防軍制服的?。但Gemini回答問(wèn)題的?式使得它的???默認(rèn)設(shè)置看起來(lái)更像是??智能潛在世界觀的奇怪體現(xiàn)。?戶報(bào)告說(shuō)，當(dāng)他們要求看到諾曼·洛克威爾的圖像時(shí)，他們被“有害的刻板印象”所教導(dǎo)；當(dāng)他們要求看到弗拉基?爾·列寧的圖?時(shí)，他們被告知可以看到，但不能看到阿道夫·希特勒的圖?；當(dāng)他們要求展示指定為??的群體（但不是其他種族）的圖像時(shí)，他們被拒絕了。將這些結(jié)果描述為“覺(jué)醒的??智能”并不是?種侮辱。這是?種技術(shù)描述，描述了世界主導(dǎo)的搜索引擎決定發(fā)布的內(nèi)容?！驹~匯積累】1.pulp/p?lp/n.漿狀物;紙漿2.envision/?n?v???n/v.想象3.hulking/?h?lk??/adj.笨重的4.potent/?po?tnt/adj.強(qiáng)大的5.agendum/??d??nd?m/n.議程6.all-encompassing/???l?n?k?mp?s??/adj.包羅萬(wàn)象的7.involuntary/?n?vɑ?l?n?t?ri/adj.無(wú)意識(shí)的8.demographic/?d?m??ɡr?f?k/adj.人口的9.hue/hju?/n.顏色10.diversity/da??v??rs?ti/n.多樣性11.emanation/??m??ne???n/n.發(fā)出12.weird/w?rd/adj.奇怪的【長(zhǎng)難句分析】原句Thisflightoffancyisinspiredbyoursociety’sownversionoftheTruthEngine,theoracleofGoogle,whichrecentlydebutedGemini,thelatestentrantinthegreatartificialintelligencerace.譯文這種奇思妙想的靈感來(lái)?我們社會(huì)??的“真理引擎”，即?歌的預(yù)?者，它最近推出了Gemini，這是??智能競(jìng)賽中的最新參與者。分析+--[主句:Thisflightoffancyisinspiredbyoursociety’sownversionoftheTruthEngine,theoracleofGoogle]|||+--[定語(yǔ)從句:whichrecentlydebutedGemini,thelatestentrantinthegreatartificialintelligencerace]|||+--[賓語(yǔ):Gemini,thelatestentrantinthegreatartificialintelligencerace]|||+--[同位語(yǔ):thelatestentrantinthegreatartificialintelligencerace]（一）（2024·河南鄭州·三模）Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,lifeismademucheasierwhenyoutravelaround.Herearesometoptravelappsforyoutouse.YelpWhenyouareinanewlocationandneedaquickrecommendation,Yelpcomesinhandy.Itgivesinsightsintothequalityofbusinessesandservices,fromrestaurantstothewayinwhichtheywork,basedonuserreviews.Theuserscancertainlymakeunfairjudgementsforpersonalreasonsattimes,butYelpoftenatleastletsyougetasenseofwhattoexpect.ZomatoInChina,thereisagoodchanceyouhaveneverheardofZomato.Insomecountries,however,itismorepopularthanYelp,anditcoversthesameground.Zomatoisaremarkablecrowd-sourcedreviewwebsite,mostlyforrestaurants.Insomeregions,youcanorderdeliveryfoodthroughZomato,too.HappyCowIfyouareapersonwhodoesn’teatmeatorfish,orevendoesn’tuseanimalproductssuchasmeat,milkoreggsorifyouareonlylookingforahealthymealoptionaftereatingnot-so-healthymealsforseveraldaysinarow,youaresuretoappreciateHappyCow.Theappandweb-sitehelpyoufindrestaurants,cafes,healthfoodstores,andotherplacestogetameat-freemeal.TripadvisorYoucanreaddifferentreviewsofhotels,restaurantsandevenactivities,writtenbymembersoftheTripadvisorcommunity,aswellasseephotostheyhaveuploadedsoyouknowwhattoexpectbeforeyouarrive.Tripadvisorhasrelationshipswithvariousbookingsites,too,whichmeansonceyoufinishresearchinghotelsorrestaurants,youcanusuallyreservethemwithjustafewextraclicks.1．WhatdoYelpandZomatohaveincommon?A．Theyprovidedeliveryservicesquickly.B．Theyexpectuserstopromotetheirservices.C．Theyonlyrecommendhotelsandrestaurants.D．Theybasetheirrecommendationsonuserreviews.2．Whichappsuitsthepersonwhodoesn’teatmeat?A．Yelp. B．HappyCow. C．Tripadvisor. D．Zomato.3．WhatsetsTripadvisorapartfromothertravelapps?A．Itisofferedfreeofcharge. B．Itislinkedtobookingplatforms.C．Itrecommendsnearbyattractions. D．Itgivescorrecthotelratinginformation.【答案速查】1．D2．B3．B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章推薦了一些頂級(jí)的旅游應(yīng)用程序。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)Yelp部分中的“Itgivesinsightsintothequalityofbusinessesandservices,fromrestaurantstothewayinwhichtheywork,basedonuserreviews.(根據(jù)用戶評(píng)論，它可以洞察企業(yè)和服務(wù)的質(zhì)量，從餐館到他們的工作方式。)”和Zomato部分中的“Zomatoisaremarkablecrowd-sourcedreviewwebsite,mostlyforrestaurants.(Zomato是一個(gè)了不起的眾包評(píng)論網(wǎng)站，主要針對(duì)餐館。)”可知，Yelp和Zomato的共同之處是他們的推薦都基于用戶評(píng)論。故選D。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HappyCow部分中的“Ifyouareapersonwhodoesn’teatmeatorfish,orevendoesn’tuseanimalproductssuchasmeat,milkoreggsorifyouareonlylookingforahealthymealoptionaftereatingnot-so-healthymealsforseveraldaysinarow,youaresuretoappreciateHappyCow.(如果你是一個(gè)不吃肉或魚(yú)的人，甚至不使用動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品，如肉，牛奶或雞蛋，或者如果你只是在連續(xù)幾天吃不太健康的食物后尋找健康的膳食選擇，你一定會(huì)喜歡“開(kāi)心?！薄?”可知，“開(kāi)心牛”軟件適合不吃肉食的人。故選B。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Tripadvisor部分中的“Tripadvisorhasrelationshipswithvariousbookingsites,too,whichmeansonceyoufinishresearchinghotelsorrestaurants,youcanusuallyreservethemwithjustafewextraclicks.(Tripadvisor也與許多預(yù)訂網(wǎng)站建立了合作關(guān)系，這意味著一旦你搜索完酒店或餐館，你通常只需再點(diǎn)擊幾下就可以預(yù)訂它們。)”可知，Tripadvisor與其它旅行軟件的不同之處是它與預(yù)訂平臺(tái)鏈接。故選B。原句原句Ifyouareapersonwhodoesn’teatmeatorfish,orevendoesn’tuseanimalproductssuchasmeat,milkoreggsorifyouareonlylookingforahealthymealoptionaftereatingnot-so-healthymealsforseveraldaysinarow,youaresuretoappreciateHappyCow.譯文如果你是一個(gè)不吃肉或魚(yú)的人，甚至不使用動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品，如肉，牛奶或雞蛋，或者如果你只是在連續(xù)幾天吃不太健康的食物后尋找健康的膳食選擇，你一定會(huì)喜歡“開(kāi)心?！薄７治?--[主句:youaresuretoappreciateHappyCow]|+--[條件狀語(yǔ)從句:Ifyouareaperson]|+--[定語(yǔ)從句:whodoesn’teatmeatorfish,orevendoesn’tuseanimalproductssuchasmeat,milkoreggs]|+--[條件狀語(yǔ)從句:ifyouareonlylookingforahealthymealoption]|+--[時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句:aftereatingnot-so-healthymealsforseveraldaysinarow]1.handyadj.便利的1.handyadj.便利的 2.insightn.洞察力3.recommendationn.推薦 4.unfairadj.不公平的5.judgementn.判斷 6.deliveryn.送貨7.appreciatev.欣賞 8.optionn.選項(xiàng)9.reservev.預(yù)訂 10.uploadv.上傳（二）（2024·四川達(dá)州·二模）Withtheoceancoveringmorethan70%oftheEarth’ssurface,theNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA)saidscientistsandresearchershaddependedonsonar(聲吶)technologiestounderstandandmaptheseafloorwhichhadchartedonlyabout10%oftheworld’socean.FortheoceanandcoastalwatersintheUS,thenumberisjustaround35%.Weknowlessaboutourplanet’soceanthanwhatweknowaboutthefarsideofthemoonorthesurfaceofMars.Partofthereasonforthelackofobservationisthechallengeofpoweringanunderwatercamera.Researchershaveusedshipstorechargecamerasorobservedwithacameratiedtoashiptosolvetheissue,whichisexpensiveandunsuitableforlong-termobservations.Recently,researchersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenamajorsteptoironoutthisproblembydevelopingabattery-free,wirelessunderwatercamerathatcouldharvestenergyunderwateronitsownforlongperiods.Tokeeppowerconsumptionaslowaspossible,theresearchersusedoff-the-shelf,ultra-low-powerimagingsensors.Thedevicetakescolorphotos,evenindarkunderwaterenvironments,andsendsimagedatawirelesslythroughthewater.Thecameraispoweredbysound.Itchangesmechanicalenergyfromsoundwavestravelingthroughwaterintoelectricalenergythatpowersitsimagingandcommunicationsequipment.Aftergettingandencodingimagedata,thecameraalsousessoundwavestosendthedatatoareceiverthatreconstructstheimage.Thosesoundwavescouldcomefromanysource,likeapassingshipormarinelife.Asitdoesn’tneedapowersource,thecameracouldrunforweeksonendbeforegettingitback,enablingscientiststosearchremotepartsoftheoceanfornewspecies.Nowthatresearchershavedemonstratedaworkingprototype(原型),theyplantoenhancethedevicesoitispracticalinreal-worldsettings.Forfutureapplication,thesecamerasmaybeusedtotakeimagesofoceanpollutionandcreatemoreaccuratemodelstomonitorclimatechangetobetterunderstandhowclimatechangeimpactstheunderwaterworld,andadvancevariousunderseascientificfields.4．Whatdothedatainparagraph1mainlyshow?A．UnderseaexplorationispoorintheUS.B．Muchoftheplanet’soceanremainsunexplored.C．Themappingoftheseaflooristime-consuming.D．Technologydevelopmentmattersalottoseaobservation.5．Whatlimitstheresearchers’underseaexplorationaccordingtothetext?A．Thecomplexityoftheseaenvironment.B．Theconcernaboutpotentialseapollution.C．Theshortageofinvestmentinoceanexploration.D．Theinabilitytoeffectivelypowerunderwatercameras.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“ironout”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Overcome. B．Face.C．Analyze. D．Illustrate.7．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheMITunderwatercamera?A．Secureandstable. B．Expensivebuteffective.C．Impracticalbutadvanced. D．Self-sufficientandenergy-saving.【答案速查】4．B5．D6．A7．D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹的是麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員開(kāi)發(fā)了一種將聲波在水中傳播的機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，為成像和通信設(shè)備提供動(dòng)力的無(wú)線水下相機(jī)。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段“Withtheoceancoveringmorethan70%oftheEarth’ssurface,theNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA)saidscientistsandresearchershaddependedonsonar(聲吶)technologiestounderstandandmaptheseafloorwhichhadchartedonlyabout10%oftheworld’socean.FortheoceanandcoastalwatersintheUS,thenumberisjustaround35%.(由于海洋覆蓋了地球表面的70%以上，美國(guó)國(guó)家海洋和大氣管理局表示，科學(xué)家和研究人員依靠聲納技術(shù)來(lái)了解和繪制海底地圖，而海底地圖只占世界海洋面積的10%左右。對(duì)于美國(guó)的海洋和沿海水域，這一數(shù)字僅為35%左右。)”可知，海洋占地球表面面積的70%，而科學(xué)家和研究人員依靠聲納技術(shù)來(lái)了解和繪制的海底地圖只占10%左右，美國(guó)海域，這一數(shù)字也只占35%左右，這些數(shù)據(jù)表明了地球上的大部分海洋仍未被探索。故選B項(xiàng)。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Partofthereasonforthelackofobservationisthechallengeofpoweringanunderwatercamera.(缺乏觀察的部分原因是水下攝像機(jī)的供電困難。)”可知，缺乏對(duì)海洋觀察的部分原因是水下攝像機(jī)的供電困難，由此可知，無(wú)法有效地為水下攝像機(jī)提供動(dòng)力限制了研究者的海底探索。故選D項(xiàng)。6．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Partofthereasonforthelackofobservationisthechallengeofpoweringanunderwatercamera.(缺乏觀察的部分原因是水下攝像機(jī)的供電困難。)”可知，無(wú)法有效地為水下攝像機(jī)提供動(dòng)力限制了研究者的海底探索，結(jié)合畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)前的“Recently,researchersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenamajorstep(最近，麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員邁出了重要的一步)”可知，就這個(gè)問(wèn)題麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員邁出了重要的一步。結(jié)合畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)后的“bydevelopingabattery-free,wirelessunderwatercamerathatcouldharvestenergyunderwateronitsownforlongperiods.(他們開(kāi)發(fā)了一種無(wú)需電池的無(wú)線水下相機(jī)，這種相機(jī)可以在水下長(zhǎng)時(shí)間收集能量。)”可知，他們開(kāi)發(fā)了一種無(wú)需電池的無(wú)線水下相機(jī)，這種相機(jī)能在水下長(zhǎng)時(shí)間收集能量，由此推知，麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員應(yīng)該是在解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題方面邁出了重要的一步，所以畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)的意思應(yīng)與“解決”意義相近。故選A項(xiàng)。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Thecameraispoweredbysound.Itchangesmechanicalenergyfromsoundwavestravelingthroughwaterintoelectricalenergythatpowersitsimagingandcommunicationsequipment.(這臺(tái)攝像機(jī)是由聲音驅(qū)動(dòng)的。它將聲波在水中傳播的機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，為成像和通信設(shè)備提供動(dòng)力。)”可知，該攝像機(jī)將聲波轉(zhuǎn)化成電能為成像和通信提供動(dòng)力，由此可知，該相機(jī)可以自給自足，結(jié)合下文中的“Asitdoesn’tneedapowersource,thecameracouldrunforweeksonendbeforegettingitback,enablingscientiststosearchremotepartsoftheoceanfornewspecies.(由于它不需要電源，相機(jī)可以連續(xù)運(yùn)行數(shù)周才返回，使科學(xué)家能夠在海洋的偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)尋找新物種。)”可知，這種攝像機(jī)不需要電源，所以可以節(jié)約能源。綜合以上信息，該攝像機(jī)既可以自給自足又能節(jié)約能源。故選D項(xiàng)。原句原句Itchangesmechanicalenergyfromsoundwavestravelingthroughwaterintoelectricalenergythatpowersitsimagingandcommunicationsequipment.譯文它將聲波在水中傳播的機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，為成像和通信設(shè)備提供動(dòng)力。分析+--[主句:Itchangesmechanicalenergy]|+--[介詞短語(yǔ):fromsoundwavestravelingthroughwater]|+--[介詞短語(yǔ):intoelectricalenergy]|+--[定語(yǔ)從句:thatpowersitsimagingandcommunicationsequipment]1.sonarn.聲吶1.sonarn.聲吶 2.chartv.繪制3.surfacen.表面 4.observationn.觀察5.unsuitableadj.不適合的 6.mechanicaladj.機(jī)械的7.communicationsn.通訊 8.receivern.接收器9.prototypen.原型 10.enhancev.增強(qiáng)（三）（2024·湖南衡陽(yáng)·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Busystreets,loudnoises,andgreybuildingscanmakecitylifeexhaustingandboring.Findingasolutiontotheseissuesmightbepossiblebyturningtonature,whichcanhelpusfeelcalmandrefreshed.Addingvegetationorcolorfuldesignsmaymakecitiesmoreenjoyabletolivein.However,growingplantsorcoveringbuildingsinpainttotesttheseapproachesiscostlyandinconvenient.Moreover,studyingthesephenomenaoutdoorscanbetricky,asmanyfactorscanaffectthefinalresults.“Measuringpleasureandmotivationinnaturalsettingsisextremelyhard,”explainedProf.YvonneDelevoye.“Humanreactionsaresensitivetoenvironmentalchanges,suchasweatherortraffic.Consequently,weusedvirtualrealitytomeasurereactionstothesefactorsinavirtualurbanspace.”Thegroupusedvirtualrealitytomakeacitysettingthatfeltreal.Theymadetwoversions:onewithnovegetation,andanotherwithsomegreenvegetation.Theyalsointroducedcolorfulpatternsontoapath.Thentheyinvitedstudentstoparticipateinthestudy.WearingaVRheadsetandwalkingonthespot,thestudentsspenttimeexploringthevirtualenvironment.Tofindoutwherethevolunteerswerelookingandforhowlong,eachheadsetincludedaneyetracker.Theresearchersfoundthatthestudentswalkedmoreslowlywhentherewasgreenvegetationpresentintheexperiment,andtheirheartrateincreased.Theywouldspendlesstimelookingatthegroundandmoretimeobservingtheirsurroundings.Theseresultsindicateapleasurableexperience.Brightcolorpatternsalonedidnothavequitethesameupliftingeffectasthegreenvegetation,buttheyinspiredinterestandpassionofthestudentsandattractedtheirstarewhileincreasingtheirheartrate.Virtualrealitymightbeausefulresourceforurbanplanners,allowingthemtoexperimentwithdifferentelementsinavirtualenvironment.Inthefuture,theresearchersaimtoimprovetheVRexperiencetogetevenbetterandmorepreciseoutcomes.8．Whatwastheprimaryreasonforusingvirtualrealityinthestudy?A．Tocreateanentertaininggameforstudents.B．Todemonstratetheinconvenienceofurbanlife.C．Toprovethesuperiorityoftechnologyovernature.D．Tomeasurereactionswithoutenvironmentalinfluence.9．Howdidtheparticipantsinteractwiththevirtualenvironmentinthestudy?A．Bywalkingaroundarealcity.B．Bymakinguseofaneyetracker.C．Bywearingaheadsetandwalkingonsite.D．Byobservingthroughascreenwithoutmoving.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“uplifting”mostprobablymean?A．Powerful. B．Cheerful. C．Encouraging. D．Healing.11．Whatpotentialbenefitofvirtualrealityismentionedforurbanplanning?A．Reducingthecostsofurbandevelopmentsignificantly.B．Providingaplatformfortestingvariousurbanelements.C．Predictingfutureurbanchallengeswithpreciseresults.D．Helpingcitiesavoidusingrealvegetationinurbanspace.【答案速查】8．D9．C10．B11．B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了一項(xiàng)利用虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)進(jìn)行城市環(huán)境中自然元素和色彩設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)人們情緒的影響的研究。研究結(jié)果表明，綠色植被和明亮的色彩圖案可以提高人們的情緒和興趣。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Humanreactionsaresensitivetoenvironmentalchanges,suchasweatherortraffic.Consequently,weusedvirtualrealitytomeasurereactionstothesefactorsinavirtualurbanspace(人類的反應(yīng)對(duì)環(huán)境變化很敏感，比如天氣或交通。因此，我們使用虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)來(lái)測(cè)量在虛擬城市空間中對(duì)這些因素的反應(yīng))”可知，研究中使用虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)的主要原因是想要在不受環(huán)境因素影響的情況下測(cè)量人們的反應(yīng)，故選D。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“WearingaVRheadsetandwalkingonthespot,thestudentsspenttimeexploringthevirtualenvironment(學(xué)生們戴著VR頭盔并且在原地走動(dòng)，花時(shí)間探索虛擬環(huán)境)”可知，這說(shuō)明參與者是通過(guò)戴頭盔和在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)走動(dòng)來(lái)與虛擬環(huán)境進(jìn)行互動(dòng)的，故選C。10．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中劃線詞前文“Theresearchersfoundthatthestudentswalkedmoreslowlywhentherewasgreenvegetationpresentintheexperiment,andtheirheartrateincreased.Theywouldspendlesstimelookingatthegroundandmoretimeobservingtheirsurroundings.Theseresultsindicateapleasurableexperience(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中有綠色植被時(shí)，學(xué)生們走得更慢，他們的心率也會(huì)增加。他們會(huì)花更少的時(shí)間觀察地面，而花更多的時(shí)間觀察周圍的環(huán)境。這些結(jié)果表明這是一次愉快的經(jīng)歷)”可知，研究結(jié)果表明，環(huán)境當(dāng)中的綠色植被讓人們感到愉快。劃線詞所在句“Brightcolorpatternsalonedidnothavequitethesameupliftingeffectasthegreenvegetation,buttheyinspiredinterestandpassionofthestudentsandattractedtheirstarewhileincreasingtheirheartrate.(明亮的色彩圖案本身并沒(méi)有綠色植被那么uplifting的效果，但它們激發(fā)了學(xué)生們的興趣和激情，吸引了他們的目光，同時(shí)增加了他們的心率。)”說(shuō)明明亮的色彩圖案本身并沒(méi)有綠色植被那樣的效果，由此可推知，劃線詞uplifting的含義為“使人愉快的”，與B項(xiàng)“Cheerful令人愉快的”含義相近，故選B。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Virtualrealitymightbeausefulresourceforurbanplanners,allowingthemtoexperimentwithdifferentelementsinavirtualenvironment(虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)可能是城市規(guī)劃者的有用資源，使他們?cè)谔摂M環(huán)境中嘗試不同的元素)”可知，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)為城市規(guī)劃提供了一個(gè)測(cè)試各種城市元素的平臺(tái)，故選B。原句原句WearingaVRheadsetandwalkingonthespot,thestudentsspenttimeexploringthevirtualenvironment.譯文學(xué)生們戴著VR頭盔并且在原地走動(dòng)，花時(shí)間探索虛擬環(huán)境。分析+--[主句:thestudentsspenttimeexploringthevirtualenvironment]|+--[方式狀語(yǔ):WearingaVRheadsetandwalkingonthespot]1.vegetationn.植被1.vegetationn.植被 2.approachn.方法3.inconvenientadj.不方便的 4.phenomenan.現(xiàn)象5.reactionn.反應(yīng) 6.virtualrealityn.虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)7.trackern.追蹤器 8.patternn.圖案9.urbanplannern.城市規(guī)劃者 10.outcomen.結(jié)果（四）（2024·山西運(yùn)城·二模）Theintroductionofartificialintelligence(AI)isasignificantpartofthedigitaltransformationbringingchallengesandchangestothejobdescriptionsamongmanagement.AstudyshowsthatintegratingAIsystemsintoserviceteamsincreasesdemandsonmiddlemanagementinthefinancialservicesfield.Interviewedinthestudywere25experiencedmanagersemployedbyaleadingScandinavianfinancialservicescompany.AIsystemshavebeenintenselyintegratedintothetasksandprocessesofthecompanyinrecentyears.TheresultsshowedthattheintegrationofAIsystemsintoserviceteamsisacomplexphenomenon,puttingnewdemandsontheworkofmiddlemanagementandrequiringabalancedactinthefaceofnewchallenges.“TheproductivityofworkgrowswhenroutinetasksarepassedontoAI.Ontheotherhand,thefastpaceofchangemakesworkmoredemanding,andtheintegrationofAImakesitnecessarytolearnnewthingsconstantly.Surprisingly,newkindsofroutineworkalsoincrease,becausetheoperationsofAIneedtobemonitoredandchecked,”saysAssistantProfessorJonnaKoponen.Accordingtotheresultsoftheresearch,thesocialfeaturesofmiddlemanagementalsochanged,becausetheAIsystemsusedatworkwereseeneitherastechnicaltoolsorcolleagues,dependingonthetypeofAIthatwasused.EspeciallywhenmoredevelopedtypesofAI,suchaschattingrobots,wereincludedintheAIsystems,theywereseenascolleagues.IntegratingAIalsoposesethical(道德上的)challenges,andmanagersdevotedmoreoftheirtimetoethicalconsiderations.Forexample,theywereconcernedaboutthefairnessofdecisionsmadebyAI.AspectsobservedinthestudyshowedthatmanagingserviceteamswithintegratedAIrequiresnewskillsandknowledgeofmiddlemanagement,suchastechnologicalunderstandingandskills,interactiveskillsandemotionalintelligence,problem-solvingskills,andtheabilitytomanageandadapttocontinuouschange.“AIsystemscannotyettakeoverallhumanmanagementinareassuchasthemotivationandinspirationofteammembers.Thisiswhyskillsininteractionandempathy(同理心)shouldbeemphasizedwhenselectingnewemployeesformanagerialpositionswhichemphasizethemanagementofteamsintegratedwithAI,”Koponensays.12．Whatdoesthestudyfind?A．AIbecomeslesspopularintheservicefield. B．AImakesdecisionsmorefairlythanhumans.C．AIproveshumanmanagementisunnecessary. D．AImakesmiddlemanagementmoredemanding.13．What’sJonnaKoponen’sattitudetointegratingAIsystemsintoserviceteams?A．Unmentioned. B．Opposed. C．Objective. D．Indifferent.14．WhichofthefollowingshowsJonnaKoponen’sopinion?A．AIcan’treplacehumanmangerscompletely. B．Fewmanagersintheservicefieldareneeded.C．EmployeesformanagerialpositionsdislikeAI. D．AIdevotesmoretimetoethicalconsiderations.15．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．TheintegrationofAIintoserviceteamsishard.B．AItakesoverhumanmanagementinmanyfields.C．AIandhumanmanagersareaperfectcombination.D．TheapplicationofAIinfluencesmiddlemanagement.【答案速查】12．D13．C14．A15．D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講述了人工智能（AI）的引入對(duì)中層管理工作帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)和變化，以及中層管理者需要具備的新技能和知識(shí)。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“AstudyshowsthatintegratingAIsystemsintoserviceteamsincreasesdemandsonmiddlemanagementinthefinancialservicesfield.”（一項(xiàng)研究表明，將人工智能系統(tǒng)集成到服務(wù)團(tuán)隊(duì)中增加了金融服務(wù)領(lǐng)域?qū)χ袑庸芾淼男枨螅┛赏浦?，AI使中層管理更具挑戰(zhàn)性。故選D。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“TheproductivityofworkgrowswhenroutinetasksarepassedontoAI.Ontheotherhand,thefastpaceofchangemakesworkmoredemanding,andtheintegrationofAImakesitnecessarytolearnnewthingsconstantly.Surprisingly,newkindsofroutineworkalsoincrease,becausetheoperationsofAIneedtobemonitoredandchecked,”saysAssistantProfessorJonnaKoponen.”（當(dāng)日常任務(wù)傳遞給人工智能時(shí)，工作的生產(chǎn)力就會(huì)提高。另一方面，快速的變化使工作要求更高，而人工智能的集成使不斷學(xué)習(xí)新事物成為必要。令人驚訝的是，新型的日常工作也在增加，因?yàn)槿斯ぶ悄艿牟僮餍枰O(jiān)控和檢查，”助理教授JonnaKoponen說(shuō)）可知，JonnaKoponen認(rèn)為將人工智能系統(tǒng)運(yùn)用到服務(wù)團(tuán)隊(duì)中有利有弊。由此可推斷，JonnaKoponen的態(tài)度是“客觀的”。故選C。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“AIsystemscannotyettakeoverallhumanmanagementinareassuchasthemotivationandinspirationofteammembers.”（AI系統(tǒng)還不能完全接管人類在激勵(lì)和啟發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)成員等方面的管理。）可知，JonnaKoponen認(rèn)為AI不能完全替代人類管理者。故選A。15．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Theintroductionofartificialintelligence(AI)isasignificantpartofthedigitaltransformationbringingchallengesandchangestothejobdescriptionsamongmanagement.AstudyshowsthatintegratingAIsystemsintoserviceteamsincreasesdemandsonmiddlemanagementinthefinancialservicesfield.”（人工智能（AI）的引入是數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型的重要組成部分，給管理層的工作描述帶來(lái)了挑戰(zhàn)和變化。一項(xiàng)研究表明，將人工智能系統(tǒng)集成到服務(wù)團(tuán)隊(duì)中增加了金融服務(wù)領(lǐng)域?qū)χ袑庸芾淼男枨?。）可知，本文主要介紹了將人工智能系統(tǒng)融合到金融服務(wù)業(yè)對(duì)中層管理產(chǎn)生的影響。故選D。原句原句AstudyshowsthatintegratingAIsystemsintoserviceteamsincreasesdemandsonmiddlemanagementinthefinancialservicesfield.譯文一項(xiàng)研究表明，將人工智能系統(tǒng)集成到服務(wù)團(tuán)隊(duì)中增加了金融服務(wù)領(lǐng)域?qū)χ袑庸芾淼男枨?。分?--[主句:Astudyshows]|+--[賓語(yǔ)從句:thatintegratingAIsystemsintoserviceteamsincreasesdemandsonmiddlemanagementinthefinancialservicesfield]|+--[主語(yǔ):integratingAIsystemsintoserviceteams]|+--[謂語(yǔ):increases]|+--[賓語(yǔ):demands]|+--[賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):onmiddlemanagementinthefinancialservicesfield]1.productivityn.生產(chǎn)力1.productivityn.生產(chǎn)力 2.routinen.日常3.monitorv.監(jiān)控 4.socialfeaturen.社會(huì)特征5.ethicaladj.道德上的 6.considerationn.考慮7.fairnessn.公平 8.technologicaladj.技術(shù)的9.emotionalintelligencen.情緒智力 10.combinationn.結(jié)合（五）（2024·安徽黃山·二模）Atfirstglance,itseemstobeDutchpainterJohannesVermeer’smasterpieceGirlwithaPearlEarring.16Wearingtwoglowingearrings,there’saslightlyinhumanshadeofredonthegirl’sface.Lookstrange?17Chosenfrom3,482submittedimagesbasedontheVermeermasterpiece,theAl-generatedworkwasdisplayedattheMauritshuisMuseumintheNetherlandsinMarch.ThedesignerlookedontheexperienceofliterallyreplacingthefamouspaintingbyoneofhisAIimagescrazyandcompletelysurreal.18ThoughMauritshuispressofficerBorisdeMunnickinsistedthatitwasanicepictureandacreativeprocess,manypeoplequestionedwhetheritcouldbecalledartandifitwasqualifiedtobeshowninthemuseumgallery.19ItwasregardedasadisrespectforthemasterpieceofVermeerandalsoforanyworkingartist.Infact,thisisnotthefirsttimethatpeoplehavedebatedAI’sroleincreativity.20ButthetechnologyhasnowbecomewidelyavailableforregulareverydayuseandthepracticeofusingAIimagegeneratorstomakearthasbecomemorecommon.A．Comingfromamuseum,it’sreallyembarrassing.B．However,theAIimageraisedafierceargument.C．Butlookmorecloselyandyoumayfindsomethingdifferentaboutit.D．OnecommonconcerniswhetherAI-generatedworksbreakcopyrightlaws.E．DutchartistIrisCompietdescribedtheimageondisplayasalmostFrankenstein-ish.F．It’sactuallyanimagemadebyBerlin-baseddesignerJulianvanDiekenusingartificialintelligence.G．TheemergenceofsuchAIworksisbelievedbymanytoweakentheenthusiasmofartistswithcreativeskills.【答案速查】16．C17．F18．B19．E20．G【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了藝術(shù)家JulianvanDieken應(yīng)用人工智能創(chuàng)造畫(huà)作并展覽。16．由上文“Atfirstglance,itseemstobeDutchpainterJohannesVermeer’smasterpieceGirlwithaPearlEarring.(乍一看，這似乎是荷蘭畫(huà)家約翰內(nèi)斯·維米爾的杰作《戴珍珠耳環(huán)的少女》)”可知，這里描述這幅畫(huà)乍一看像名畫(huà)，而C項(xiàng)Butlookmorecloselyandyoumayfindsomethingdifferentaboutit.(但仔細(xì)觀察，你可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一些不同之處。)符合語(yǔ)境，其中but表示和前文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，而后文也在解釋somethingdifferent的不同之處，所以本句有承上啟下作用。故選C項(xiàng)。17．由下文“Chosenfrom3,482submittedimagesbasedontheVermeermasterpiece,theAI-generatedworkwasdisplayedattheMaurit