Unit3Tomorrow’sworldGrammarandusage一．【設(shè)計思想】以實際運用為主，讓學(xué)生在語言交際中運用語法規(guī)則，在運用中逐步掌握語法規(guī)則。二．【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】1.知識目標(biāo)：（1）了解被動語態(tài)的動詞基本形式和一些特殊的被動用法。(2)學(xué)會怎樣在被動語態(tài)中使用情態(tài)動詞。(3)學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)常用于被動語態(tài)的動詞2.能力目標(biāo)：能夠準(zhǔn)確地運用不同時態(tài)中的被動語態(tài)的動詞形式。三．【教學(xué)重難點】了解被動語態(tài)的一些特殊用法【課堂導(dǎo)入】Step1用動詞的被動語態(tài)填空。Theman_________(call)“Goodhusband”.Thepetdog__________(treat)byveterinary.Afrog__________(catch)byabigbirdjustnow.總結(jié)：被動語態(tài)的基本形式是______________________【課堂教與學(xué)】Step2幫助學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時:am/is/are+done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時:am/is/arebeing+done現(xiàn)在完成時:have/has+done一般將來時:shall/will+done一般過去時:was/were+done過去進(jìn)行時:was/werebeing+done過去完成時:hadbeen+done過去將來時:wouldbe+doneAskstudentshowwecanchangeasentenceintothepassivevoice.Remindstudentsthatweshouldpayattentiontothefollowing:Findouttheobjectofthesentenceanduseitasthesubjectofthesentencewiththepassivevoice.Decidethetenseofthesentenceandusetherelatedformofitspassive.Ifnecessary,use“by”tojointheformersubject,whichshouldbeputintoitsobjectform.Askstudentswhenweusethepassivevoice.AskthemtoreadPoint3onpage48tofindtheanswer.Andgivethemthefollowingsentencesasexamples:不知道或沒必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者。Manyhouseswillbebuilthere.強調(diào)動作的承受者。Thesong“TheEastisRed”waswrittenbyapoorpeasant.動作的執(zhí)行者有較長的修飾語。TheplanwassupportedbythosewhowishedtohavemorechancestospeakEnglish.出于禮貌，不愿意說出動作的執(zhí)行者。Youarerequestedtoattendthemeeting.AskstudentstoreadPoint3and4onpage48carefullyandcompletethefollowingpractice.Changethefollowingsentencesintothepassivevoice:Allofuslikeher._______________________________________________________Wearediscussingthequestion._______________________________________________________Wehaveputoffthemeeting._______________________________________________________Iwilldevelopmypicturenextweek._______________________________________________________Fillintheblankswiththerightformofthewordsgiven:I___________(give)anewbookbymyfatheronmybirthday.English___________(find)veryuseful.Thework______________(finish)tomorrow.Theflowers______________(water)bythemnow.Therailway________________(build)thistimelastyear.Thenewway_______already_________(build).Thenewrailway___________(build)bytheendoflastyear.Hetoldmethesportsmeeting____________(hold)thenextmonth.Rice___________(grow)inthesouthoftheStates.Askstudentstoreadthefourpiecesofinformationaboutthetopfourexhibitsonpage49andunderlinethesentencesthatcanbechangedintopassivevoice.Askstudentstocompletethereport.Remindthemofthedifferenttensesofpassivevoice.Step3ModalverbsandthepassivevoiceAskstudentshowtoformthepassivevoicewithmodalverbs.AskthemtoreadtheexamplesentencesinPart2andshowthemthepattern:Modalverb+be+doneAskstudentstodothefollowingpracticetounderstandthepatternbetter.Changethefollowingsentencesintothepassivevoice:Theviewercantouchtheobjectsinthefilm._______________________________________________________Theviewermayfeelarealsenseofachievementandhappiness._______________________________________________________RealCinemightnotimpresssomeviewers._______________________________________________________TeacherscoulduseRealCineintheclassroomtoo._______________________________________________________Film-makersshoulduseRealCineforallfilms._______________________________________________________ScientistsoughttodevelopRealCinefurther._______________________________________________________Theviewermustwearspecialgloves._______________________________________________________Askstudentstoreadthefirstreportintheexercise.Thenaskthemtocompletethesecondreportbyreferringtotheinformationinthefirstone.Step4VerbsoftenusedinthepassivevoiceAskstudentstoreadtheinstructionsoftheexerciseonpage51andthetimeline.Thentheyshouldcompletethearticlewithsuitableverbsintheirproperforms.【課堂鞏固】1.Cotton____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrown B.aregrown C.grows D.grow2.Who_____thisbook_____?A.did;written B.was;writtenby C.did;written D.was;written3.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.tojump4.Cansuchathing_____happeningagain?A.preventfrom B.preventedfromC.bepreventedfrom D.topreventfrom5.Ican’tusemybikebecauseit_______.A.isrepairing B.isbeingrepaired C.willrepair D.wasrepairing6.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium_______inBeijing.A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompleted7.Attheendofthemeeting,itwasannouncedthatanagreement________.A.hasbeenreachedB.hadbeenreachedC.hasreachedD.hadreached8.Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou______thisjob?Well,I’mthinkingaboutthesalary…A.offerB.willofferC.areofferedD.willbeoffered9.Haveyouhandedinyourschoolworkyet?Yes,Ihave.Iguessit______now.A.hasgradedB.isgradedC.isbeinggradedD.isgrading10.You_______paytoomuchattentiontoyourreadingskill,asitissoimportant.A.cannotB.shouldn’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t11.ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butit____berathercoldsometimes.A.mustB.canC.shouldD.would12.“Doyouthinkheislazy？”“I_____soonce,butIdon’tnow.”A.mayhavethoughtB.canhavethoughtC.maythinkD.mightthink13.______youhaveahappylife!A.CanB.MayC.CouldD.Should14.—Theworkwilltakemeanotherweek.I’mreallybusy.—Ithinkyou_____aswellturntoanexperiencedworker.A.mayB.canC.mustD.need15.—Mikeisoftenabsentfromclass.—Tellhimhe_____answerforitifhegoesonbehavinglikethat.A.shallB.willC.wouldD.can16.“Ithoughtyouwouldn’tmind.”“Well,asamatteroffactIdon’t,butyou_____mefirst.”A.shouldaskB.shouldhaveaskedC.mustaskD.musthaveasked17.There_____beanydifficultyaboutpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepracticedalotinthedrivingschool.A.mustn’t B.shan’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t18.I’msurprisedthatyournovel_______havewonthefirstprize.A.wouldB.shouldC.mustD.could19.Ifyou______waitamoment,I’llgoandfindourmanager.A.canB.shouldC.willD.must20.Withoutelectricityhumanlife＿＿＿quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbeStep5被動語態(tài)用法小結(jié)：It+be+動詞的過去分詞+that從句常用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有：say,report,expect,prove,suppose等，該結(jié)構(gòu)通常可轉(zhuǎn)化為“be+過去分詞+不定式”。例如：1）ItisreportedthattheyaresailinginthePacific.TheyarereportedtobesailinginthePacific.2)ItissaidthatMr.Bellinventedthefirsttelephone.Mr.Bellissaidtohaveinventedthefirsttelephone.當(dāng)不定式to后的動作早于不定式to前的動作發(fā)生，不定式to后的動作應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，表示動作的完成。又如：Theoldbridgeissaidtohavebeenbuiltintheearly1930s.Itissaidthat…Itisreportedthat…Itishopedthat…Itiswellknownthat…Itisbelievedthat…Itmustbepointedoutthat…二）情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)情態(tài)動詞被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：一般式：情態(tài)動詞（can,could,may,might,must,should,need等）+be+過去分詞.完成式：情態(tài)動詞（can,could,may,might,must,should,need等）+have+been+過去分詞。例如：1）Youneedn’tmentionhisplaninyourspeech.Hisplanneedn’tbementionedinyourspeech.2）Youmighthavecompletedyourtaskaheadoftime.Yourtaskmighthavebeencompletedaheadoftime.三)被動語態(tài)的特殊情況：含有動詞短語的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，不要漏掉其后的介詞或副詞。例如：Wemusttakegoodcareofthechildren.Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof.被動語態(tài)常在不知道動作的執(zhí)行者或者是要強調(diào)動作的承受者時才用。助動詞be有時可被系動詞get替換，即“get+過去分詞”，也可表示被動概念。例如：Youarewantedonthephone.固定結(jié)構(gòu)begoingto,usedto,haveto,hadbetter等在變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，只需將其后的動詞變?yōu)楸粍有问郊纯?。例如：Thelittleboyusedtosendnewspapershere.Newspapersusedtobesentherebythelittleboy.4.“賓語+補語”又叫復(fù)合賓語，變被動語態(tài)時，只將賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，補語位置保持不動，但是已經(jīng)變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語了。例如;Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigaretteinthetoilet.Theboywascaughtsmokingacigaretteinthetoilet.5在使役動詞have,make,以及感官動詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面用動詞不定式作賓語補足語時，主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式符號to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加to.例如：Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.

6主動語態(tài)表示被動意義的詞(1)感官動詞和系動詞如：look,smell,feel,prove,hear,sound,tasteTheclothfeelsverysoft,Ilikeitverymuch(2)某些行為動詞也可表示被動意義。常見的有：wash,write,sell,read例如：1.Thatkindofdresswasheswell.2.Thistypeofcomputersellswellamongteenagers.3.Thenovelreadswell.Itissuitableforchildren.(3)want,need,require,worth等詞的后面可以用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。例如：1.Sheboughtmeabook,whichisworthreading.2.Allthewindowsinthemeetingroomneedwashing.(4).某些作表語的形容詞后,用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。例如：1.Shetoldmethatthefishwasnotfittoeat.2.Heistheonewhoishardtoplease.7.不及物動詞或其構(gòu)成的一些短語動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)。例如：appear,rise,happen,lie,arrive,exist,belongto,takeplace,setsailfor,consistof等都屬于此類動詞或短語。例如：1.Thecommitteeconsistsofsixmembers.2.Youshouldn’ttakewhatdoesn’tbelongtoyou.3.Ihappenedtoseemyprofessorinthesupermarketyesterday.8.表示狀態(tài)的動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)。英語中有些動詞表示某種狀態(tài)或情況,這類動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)。常見的有fit,mean,have,hold,cost,contain,become,last,fail等。例如：1.TheflatcosthimaroundonemillionRMB.2.Thisbookcontainsallthephrasesyouhavelearnt.【提升與拓展】1.—Youdidn’twaitforMr.Blacklastnight,didyou?—No,butwe______.Hedidn’treturnhomeatall.A.couldn’thaveB.needn’thaveC.didn’tneedtoD.shouldhavewaited2.Yououghttokeepthesethreeroomsclean.Thesethreerooms______(byyou).A.areoughtedtokeepcleanB.oughttokeptcleanC.oughttobekeptcleanD.oughttohavebeenkeptclean3.Shehadbetterleaveanotetohim.Anote_____tohim(byher).A.hadbetterleftB.hadbebetterleftC.hadbetterbeleftD.hadbetterbeenleft4.Weelectedherleader. Shebyus.A.iselectedleaderB.wasleaderelectedC.waselectedleaderD.leaderwaselected5.Howsweetthemusic______!A.soundstobeB.issounded C.issoundedtobe D.sounds6.Inwarmweatherfruitandmeat______long.A.don'tkeepB.cannotbekept C.arenotkept D.arenotkeeping7.Hereceivedatelegram___"MotherSick."A.written B.said C.reading D.writing8.Theclassroom______30feetlong.A.measuresB.ismeasured C.has D.haslength9.Goodmedicine______tothemouth.A.tastesbitterB.tastesbitterlyC.istastedbitterD.istastedbitterly10.I__________you,becauseIthoughtImustbewrong.A.darenotaskB.darenottoaskC.darenotaskingD.daretonotask11.It'snearlyseveno'clock.Jack__________behereatanymoment.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can12.Liza___wellnotwanttogoonthetrip—shehatestraveling.A.willB.canC.mustD.may13.Naturally,afterItoldherwhattodo,mydaughter goanddotheopposite.A.may B.can C.must D.should14.”Howaboutthedishes,Dear?”“Thebeefdidn’ttasteverygood.It______toolong.”A.cookedB.hadbeencookedC.wascooked D