考點(diǎn)分類練(五)推理判斷題(3)高考總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2025Passage

1(2024山東聊城一模)主題:獨(dú)處

詞數(shù):306

難度:★★★☆☆

Afewyearsago,IwalkedintoPaneraandplacedmyorder.AsIsatdown,Inoticedthatatthetablenexttome,therewasanoldermanwithacapeatinghissoupalone.Atthesightofthis,afeelingofsadnessbegantowashoverme.Whywasheeatingalone?Washelonely?Didhewantsomeonetokeephimcompany?Thiswasn’tthefirsttimeI’dfeltsadwhenInoticedsomeoneeatingalone.Iautomaticallyassumethey’relonelyandneedsomeonetobethereforthem.Forsomereason,eatingwithotherpeopleisthenorm.Modernsocietyhasevolvedtothepointwheremostpeopleeatwithothersanddoalmosteveryactivitytogether.Ifweneedtogetlunchbeforeaclass,we’dratheraskaroundtoseeifsomeonewillcomewithus.Butisitpossiblewejustdon’twanttoappearlonely?Forme,it’seasytogetpressuredtohavetobearoundotherpeoplewhenIseeeveryoneelsearoundmeaccompaniedbyafriendalmostallthetime.Somanypeoplearealwaysaroundsomeoneelse,andthatmaymakepeoplethinkwealwaysneedsomeonewithustofeelbetteraboutourselves.Butthat’snottrue.Wecanenjoybeingalone.Noteveryoneneedstobeconstantlysurroundedbyfriendstobehappy.Andweshouldn’tbeafraidtoeataloneifthat’swhatwewanttodo.Wedon’thavetodowhateveryoneelsedoes.Ultimately,Idon’tthinkI’llevernotgetsadifIseesomeoneeatingalone,butI’llbearinmindthatmaybetheyjustwantabreakfromtheworld,orthatmaybetheypreferitthatway.It’simportanttorealizeseeingsomeonedoingsomethingalonedoesn’talwaysmeanthey’relonely.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講的是作者對(duì)獨(dú)處的一些看法。1.Why

does

the

author

mention

her

experience

at

Panera

a

few

years

ago?A.To

introduce

the

topic

of

caring

for

old

people.B.To

start

the

discussion

about

people

eating

alone.C.To

describe

a

memorable

encounter.D.To

illustrate

the

benefits

of

eating

alone

outside.答案

B解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Why

was

he

eating

alone?

Was

he

lonely?

Did

he

want

someone

to

keep

him

company?”和第二段中的“This

wasn’t

the

first

time

I’d

felt

sad

when

I

noticed

someone

eating

alone.I

automatically

assume

they’re

lonely

and

need

someone

to

be

there

for

them.”可知,作者提到她幾年前在Panera的經(jīng)歷是為了開始討論人們獨(dú)自吃飯的問題。2.What

does

the

author

think

of

the

norm

of

eating

with

other

people?A.It

is

a

good

way

to

avoid

awkwardness.B.It

helps

maintain

social

connections.C.It

is

common

but

deserves

questioning.D.It

is

unreasonable

and

unacceptable.答案

C解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“For

some

reason,eating

with

other

people

is

the

norm.Modern

society

has

evolved

to

the

point...is

it

possible

we

just

don’t

want

to

appear

lonely?”可知,作者認(rèn)為和別人吃飯的這種做法很常見,但值得質(zhì)疑。3.How

does

the

author

feel

when

people

around

her

have

company

but

she

doesn’t?A.Uncomfortable.

B.Isolated.C.Envious.

D.Relaxed.答案

A解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“For

me,it’s

easy

to

get

pressured

to

have

to

be

around

other

people

when

I

see

everyone

else

around

me

accompanied

by

a

friend

almost

all

the

time.”可知,當(dāng)她周圍的人都有人陪伴,而她卻沒有時(shí),作者感到不舒服。4.What

message

does

the

author

want

to

convey?A.Social

relationships

are

unnecessary.B.People

need

to

be

alone

to

recharge.C.Loneliness

is

unavoidable

in

our

daily

life.D.Being

alone

doesn’t

equate

to

loneliness.答案

D解析

主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“It’s

important

to

realize

seeing

someone

doing

something

alone

doesn’t

always

mean

they’re

lonely.”可知,作者想要傳達(dá)的信息是獨(dú)處并不等于孤獨(dú)。Passage

2(2024湖南常德一模)主題:完美主義

詞數(shù):351

難度:★★★☆☆“So,Mr.Albert,you’vetoldusaboutyourstrengthsbutwhataboutyourweaknesses?”It’sacommoninterviewquestion.Towhichaclassichumblebrag(謙虛自夸)replyis,“Well,ImustadmitthatI’mabitofaperfectionist.”Afterall,whatcompanywouldn’twanttoemploysomebodywhoseeksperfection?Butitturnsoutthatthereisaprofounddifferencebetweenhigh-achieversandperfectionists.Inacruelirony,theperfectionisttraitscouldactuallypreventsomeonefromachievingtheirfullpotential.Therootsofperfectionismactuallylieinadeepdesiretofeelperfect.Mostoftenaperfectionistpersonalityisformedinreactiontosomeformofchildhoodtrauma.Forexample,followingherparents’divorce,ayounggirlmightstrivetoalwaysbegood,toalwaysbeperfectbecauseatsomelevelshebelievesthatitmusthavebeenherfaultthatherparentsseparated.Soaslongassheisperfect,nothingsoterriblewouldhappenagain.Givensuchorigins,itappearsthatthethinkingandemotionalstylesassociatedwithperfectionismareparticularlydangeroustomentalhealth.Thinkoftheharshestandmercilessperfectionistsyouknow.Theyalways,always,alwaysfindfault.Theircognitive(認(rèn)知)stylesincludeall-or-nothingthinking,whereonlyperfectionisseenasanacceptableresult;fearoffailure,whereaperfectionistisdrivenbyfearratherthanpulledbytheprospectofsuccessintheirendeavors;defensivenessinthefaceofconstructivecriticism.Alloftheseseemtobelinkedtoawiderangeofpsychologicalproblemsincludingeatingdisorders,anxietyanddepression,andevensuicide.Changingthismindsetisthekeytotreatingtheconditionwhenitbecomesadisorderbutitisdifficulttoachieve.Perfectionistsareessentiallyinanabusiverelationshipwiththemselves.It’shardenoughtowithdrawfromabusiverelationshipswithothers.Howmuchharderisitwhenyouyourselfaretheabuser?Soperhapsabetteranswertotheinterviewquestionposedatthestartofthisarticlewouldbe,“IusedtobeaperfectionistbutnowI’mwellontheroadtorecovery.”【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了完美主義的特質(zhì)實(shí)際上可能會(huì)阻礙一個(gè)人充分發(fā)揮自己的潛力,解釋了完美主義產(chǎn)生的原因以及對(duì)心理造成的危險(xiǎn)。5.Why

does

the

author

mention

the

interview

question

in

paragraph

1?A.To

provide

an

example.B.To

introduce

the

topic.C.To

support

the

argument.D.To

attract

readers’

interest.答案

B解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“After

all,what

company

wouldn’t

want

to

employ

somebody

who

seeks

perfection?

But

it

turns

out

that

there

is

a

profound

difference

between

high-achievers

and

perfectionists.In

a

cruel

irony,the

perfectionist

traits

could

actually

prevent

someone

from

achieving

their

full

potential.”可知,作者在第一段提到了面試問題是為了引入話題。6.Who

will

most

probably

become

a

perfectionist?A.A

high-achiever.B.A

person

who

always

finds

fault.C.An

overconfident

man.D.A

son

of

a

violent

alcoholic

father.答案

D解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Most

often

a

perfectionist

personality

is

formed

in

reaction

to

some

form

of

childhood

trauma...nothing

so

terrible

would

happen

again.”可知,完美主義常形成于童年創(chuàng)傷,因此暴力酗酒父親的兒子最有可能成為完美主義者。故選D項(xiàng)。7.What

does

paragraph

3

mainly

talk

about?A.Perfectionism

often

has

three

different

types.B.Perfectionism

has

a

bad

effect

on

physical

health.C.Perfectionism

is

caused

by

high

personal

standard.D.Perfectionism

is

a

risk

factor

for

psychological

disorders.答案

D解析

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知,第三段主要講了完美主義是心理障礙的危險(xiǎn)因素。8.What

does

the

author

think

of

perfectionism?A.It’s

hard

for

people

to

get

rid

of

it.B.It

drives

people

to

achieve

success.C.It’s

more

of

a

strength

than

a

weakness.D.It

inevitably

leads

to

mental

problems.答案

A解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Changing

this

mindset

is

the

key

to

treating

the

condition

when

it

becomes

a

disorder

but

it

is

difficult

to

achieve.”可知,作者認(rèn)為人們很難擺脫完美主義。故選A項(xiàng)。Passage

3(2024浙江杭州一模)主題:原諒

詞數(shù):340

難度:★★★★☆

Isforgivenessagainstourhumannature?Toanswerourquestion,weneedtoaskafurtherquestion:Whatistheessenceofourhumanity?Forthesakeofsimplicity,peopleconsidertwodistinctlydifferentviewsofhumanity.Thefirstviewinvolvesdominanceandpower.Inanearlypaperonthepsychologyofforgiveness,Droll(1984)madetheinterestingclaimthathumans’essentialnatureismoreaggressivethanforgivingallows.Thosewhoforgiveareagainsttheirbasicnature,muchtotheirharm.Inhisopinion,forgiversarecompromisingtheirwell-beingastheyoffermercytoothers,whomightthentakeadvantageofthem.Thesecondviewinvolvesthethemeofcooperation,mutualrespect,andevenloveasthebasisofwhoweareashumans.Researchersfindthattofullygrowashumanbeings,weneedbothtoreceivelovefromandofferlovetoothers.Withoutlove,ourconnectionswithawiderangeofindividualsinourlivescanfallapart.Evencommonsensestronglysuggeststhatthewilltopoweroverothersdoesnotmakeforharmoniousinteractions.Forexample,howwellhasslaveryworkedasamodeofsocialharmony?Fromthissecondviewpointofwhoweareashumans,forgivenessplaysakeyroleinthebiologicalandpsychologicalintegrityofbothindividualsandcommunitiesbecauseoneoftheoutcomesofforgiveness,shownthroughscientificstudies,isthedecreasingofhatredandtherestorationofharmony.Forgivenesscanbreakthecycleofanger.Atleasttotheextentthepeoplefromwhomyouareestrangedacceptyourloveandforgivenessandarepreparedtomaketherequiredadjustments.Forgivenesscanhealrelationshipsandreconnectpeople.Asanimportantnote,whenwetakeaClassicalphilosophicalperspective,thatofAristotle,weseethedistinctionbetweenpotentialityandactuality.Wearenotnecessarilybornwiththecapacitytoforgive,butinsteadwiththepotentialtolearnaboutitandtogrowinourabilitytoforgive.Theactualityofforgiving,itsactualappropriationinconflictsituations,developswithpractice.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章圍繞“原諒是否違背人類本性”這一主題進(jìn)行了深入的探討和論證,通過對(duì)比不同的人類本性觀點(diǎn),分析了“原諒”在個(gè)體和社區(qū)中的作用和意義。9.What

is

Droll’s

idea

about

forgiveness?A.People

should

offer

mercy

to

others.B.Aggressive

people

should

learn

to

forgive.C.Forgiveness

depends

on

the

nature

of

humanity.D.People

who

forgive

can

have

their

own

welfare

affected.答案

D解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“In

an

early

paper

on

the

psychology

of

forgiveness...who

might

then

take

advantage

of

them.”可知,Droll認(rèn)為寬恕的人違背了他們的本性,對(duì)他們?cè)斐闪撕艽蟮膫?他認(rèn)為寬恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同時(shí),也在損害自己的幸福。10.What

does

the

example

in

paragraph

2

illustrate?A.To

forg