小學(xué)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及練習(xí)題小學(xué)階段是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的啟蒙期，扎實(shí)掌握基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)能為后續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)筑牢根基。本文從詞匯、語(yǔ)法、情景交際、語(yǔ)音等核心板塊梳理知識(shí)要點(diǎn)，并配套針對(duì)性練習(xí)題，助力同學(xué)們系統(tǒng)鞏固、靈活運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)知識(shí)。一、詞匯模塊：夯實(shí)語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)（一）詞性認(rèn)知與分類英語(yǔ)詞匯按功能可分為名詞（表示人、物、地點(diǎn)等，如*student,school,cat*）、動(dòng)詞（表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，如*run,like,be*）、形容詞（描述特征，如*happy,tall,beautiful*）、副詞（修飾動(dòng)作或形容詞，如*quickly,very,often*）、代詞（代替名詞，如*I,you,it,our*）、介詞（表示關(guān)系，如*in,on,under,with*）等。（二）詞匯記憶技巧1.歸類記憶：將同類詞匯整理成組，如職業(yè)類（*teacher,doctor,farmer*）、動(dòng)物類（*dog,bird,fish*）、顏色類（*red,green,blue*）。2.語(yǔ)境記憶：把單詞放在句子或短文里記憶，例如：*“Thehappygirlplayswithhercatunderthetree.”*同時(shí)記住*happy,girl,play,cat,under,tree*。3.聯(lián)想記憶：利用音形義關(guān)聯(lián)，如*“eye”*（眼睛）的形狀像兩只眼睛，*“banana”*的發(fā)音可聯(lián)想“不拿呢？（香蕉太好吃，舍不得拿？）”。（三）易混淆詞匯辨析too/to/two：*too*（也，太，副詞）→*Ilikeapples,too.*；*to*（介詞/不定式符號(hào)）→*Gotoschool./Wanttoplay.*；*two*（數(shù)詞，二）→*Ihavetwobooks.*there/their：*there*（副詞，表地點(diǎn)）→*Thereisadog.*；*their*（形容詞性物主代詞，他們的）→*Theirbagsarered.*詞匯練習(xí)題（基礎(chǔ)篇）1.寫出下列單詞的詞性：(1)*sunny*______(2)*run*______(3)*we*______(4)*slowly*______2.用*too/to/two*填空：(1)Iwant______buyabook.(2)Sheis______young______gotoschool.(3)Ihave______pens.Oneisred,theotherisblue.3.按類別補(bǔ)全單詞（每類寫2個(gè)）：職業(yè)類：*teacher*,______,______；動(dòng)物類：*rabbit*,______,______二、語(yǔ)法體系：掌握語(yǔ)言規(guī)則（一）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：描述常態(tài)與習(xí)慣1.結(jié)構(gòu)與用法肯定句：主語(yǔ)（非單三）+動(dòng)詞原形+其他→*Iplayfootballeveryday.*主語(yǔ)（單三，*he/she/it/單數(shù)名詞*）+動(dòng)詞單三（+s/es）+其他→*Sheplaysfootballeveryday.*否定句：主語(yǔ)+*don’t/doesn’t*+動(dòng)詞原形+其他→*Idon’tlikecoffee./Hedoesn’tlikecoffee.*一般疑問(wèn)句：*Do/Does*+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？→*Doyoulikecats?/Doesshelikecats?*2.動(dòng)詞單三變化規(guī)則一般情況加*s*：*play→plays,like→likes*以*s,x,ch,sh,o*結(jié)尾加*es*：*pass→passes,fix→fixes,watch→watches,wash→washes,go→goes*以“輔音+y”結(jié)尾，變*y*為*i*加*es*：*study→studies,fly→flies*一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)練習(xí)題1.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：(1)Heoften______(*go*)toschoolbybike.(2)We______(*notwatch*)TVonweekdays.(3)______yourmother______(*like*)dancing?2.按要求改寫句子：(1)Icleanmyroomeveryweek.（改為否定句）__________________________________(2)SheplaysthepianoonSundays.（改為一般疑問(wèn)句）__________________________________（二）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：描述正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作1.結(jié)構(gòu)與用法肯定句：主語(yǔ)+*be(am/is/are)*+動(dòng)詞ing+其他→*Iamreadingabook./Theyareplayingfootball.*否定句：主語(yǔ)+*be+not*+動(dòng)詞ing+其他→*Heisn’tdoinghishomework.*一般疑問(wèn)句：*Be*+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞ing+其他？→*Areyousinging?*2.動(dòng)詞ing變化規(guī)則一般情況加*ing*：*play→playing,walk→walking*以不發(fā)音的*e*結(jié)尾，去*e*加*ing*：*make→making,dance→dancing*重讀閉音節(jié)（輔+元+輔），雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母加*ing*：*run→running,swim→swimming*現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)練習(xí)題1.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：(1)Look!Theboys______(*play*)basketballontheplayground.(2)She______(*notdraw*)picturesnow.She______(*read*)astorybook.(3)______you______(*listen*)tomusic?Yes,Iam.2.翻譯句子：“他們正在公園里放風(fēng)箏?！盻_________________________________（三）一般過(guò)去時(shí)：描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)1.結(jié)構(gòu)與用法肯定句：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他→*Iwenttoschoolyesterday.*否定句：主語(yǔ)+*didn’t*+動(dòng)詞原形+其他→*Ididn’tgotoschoolyesterday.*一般疑問(wèn)句：*Did*+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？→*Didyougotoschoolyesterday?*2.動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則變化：一般情況加*ed*：*play→played,walk→walked*以不發(fā)音的*e*結(jié)尾加*d*：*live→lived,dance→danced*以“輔音+y”結(jié)尾，變*y*為*i*加*ed*：*study→studied,cry→cried*重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫加*ed*：*stop→stopped,plan→planned*不規(guī)則變化：需特殊記憶，如*go→went,see→saw,do→did,have→had*一般過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)題1.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：(1)He______(*visit*)hisgrandparentslastweekend.(2)They______(*notgo*)totheparkyesterday.(3)______you______(*watch*)TVlastnight?2.寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式：*go*→______*see*→______*do*→______*have*→______（四）Therebe句型：描述“存在有”1.結(jié)構(gòu)與就近原則肯定句：*Thereis*+單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)→*Thereisabookonthedesk.**Thereare*+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)→*Therearesomebooksonthedesk.*否定句：*Thereisn’t/aren’t*+名詞+地點(diǎn)→*Thereisn’tacathere./Therearen’tanycatshere.*一般疑問(wèn)句：*Is/Arethere*+名詞+地點(diǎn)？→*Isthereapeninyourbag?/Arethereanypensinyourbag?*2.就近原則：*be*動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由**靠近它的名詞**決定。例如：*Thereisabookandtwopensonthedesk.*（*abook*是單數(shù)，用*is*）；*Therearetwopensandabookonthedesk.*（*twopens*是復(fù)數(shù)，用*are*）Therebe句型練習(xí)題1.用*is*或*are*填空：(1)There______adogandthreecatsintheroom.(2)There______somewaterintheglass.(3)There______manyflowersinthegarden.2.按要求改寫句子：(1)Thereisatreebehindthehouse.（改為復(fù)數(shù)句）__________________________________(2)Therearesomebirdsinthesky.（改為否定句）__________________________________三、情景交際：學(xué)會(huì)實(shí)用表達(dá)（一）日常問(wèn)候與告別問(wèn)候：*Hello!/Hi!/Goodmorning/afternoon/evening!/Howareyou?I’mfine,thankyou.Andyou?*告別：*Goodbye!/Bye!/Seeyoulater!/Seeyoutomorrow!*（二）感謝與道歉感謝：*Thankyou!/Thanksalot!/Thankyouverymuch!*道歉：*I’msorry./Sorry,I’mlate.*回應(yīng)道歉：*It’sokay./That’sallright./Nevermind.*（三）請(qǐng)求與幫助請(qǐng)求：*Canyouhelpme?/Couldyoupassmethebook?/MayIuseyourpen?*提供幫助：*CanIhelpyou?/Letmehelpyou.*（四）購(gòu)物場(chǎng)景店員：*CanIhelpyou?/Whatwouldyoulike?*顧客：*I’dlikeadress./Howmuchisit?/It’stooexpensive.Doyouhavecheaperones?*情景交際練習(xí)題從方框中選擇合適的句子補(bǔ)全對(duì)話（只填序號(hào)）：A.*Howmuchisit?*B.*CanIhelpyou?*C.*I’dlikeatoycar.*D.*Hereyouare.*E.*Thankyou.*Shopkeeper:______Tom:______Shopkeeper:Sure.Whichonedoyoulike?Tom:Theblueone.______Shopkeeper:It’s20yuan.Tom:OK.I’lltakeit.Shopkeeper:______Tom:______四、語(yǔ)音知識(shí)：突破聽說(shuō)難關(guān)（一）字母及字母組合發(fā)音元音字母發(fā)音（開音節(jié)/閉音節(jié)）：*a*：開音節(jié)（*name,cake*）發(fā)*/e?/*；閉音節(jié)（*cat,bag*）發(fā)*/?/**e*：開音節(jié)（*he,she*）發(fā)*/i:/*；閉音節(jié)（*pen,bed*）發(fā)*/e/**i*：開音節(jié)（*bike,kite*）發(fā)*/a?/*；閉音節(jié)（*big,pig*）發(fā)*/?/**o*：開音節(jié)（*nose,home*）發(fā)*/??/*；閉音節(jié)（*dog,box*）發(fā)*/?/*（或*/ɑ:/*，美音）*u*：開音節(jié)（*use,cute*）發(fā)*/ju:/*；閉音節(jié)（*bus,cup*）發(fā)*/?/*常見字母組合發(fā)音：*ee,ea*（*tea,meet*）發(fā)*/i:/*；*oa*（*boat,coat*）發(fā)*/??/*；*ai*（*rain,wait*）發(fā)*/e?/*；*ou*（*house,mouse*）發(fā)*/a?/*（二）重音與連讀重音：?jiǎn)卧~重音（如*apple*重音在第一個(gè)音節(jié)*/??pl/*），句子重音（實(shí)詞如名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞重讀，虛詞如介詞、冠詞弱讀）。連讀：相鄰單詞首尾音自然相連，如*“putiton”*讀成*/p?t?t?n/*（或*/p?t?t?n/*，連讀*t*和*?*）。語(yǔ)音練習(xí)題1.找出畫線部分發(fā)音不同的單詞：(1)A.*cake*B.*cat*C.*name*______(2)A.*he*B.*pen*C.*she*______(3)A.*bike*B.*big*C.*kite*______2.嘗試連讀下列短語(yǔ)：練習(xí)題答案一、詞匯模塊1.(1)形容詞(2)動(dòng)詞(3)代詞(4)副詞2.(1)*to*(2)*too*;*to*(3)*two*3.職業(yè)類：*docto