3/3專題03完成式的主動(dòng)被動(dòng)形態(tài)（期末復(fù)習(xí)講義）年份卷別考點(diǎn)考情分析2025新高考I卷現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)【考向透視】三種時(shí)態(tài)均以語法填空、選擇題為主要考查形式，核心聚焦“語境邏輯+時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞”的精準(zhǔn)判斷，側(cè)重考查現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表動(dòng)作持續(xù)的含義、過去完成時(shí)“過去的過去”的時(shí)間先后關(guān)系，以及過去完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)“動(dòng)作被完成的時(shí)間與被動(dòng)關(guān)系”的雙重邏輯，同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)與一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)分?！緩?fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】熟練掌握三種時(shí)態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成（現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：have/hasbeendoing；過去完成時(shí)：haddone；過去完成時(shí)被動(dòng)：hadbeendone）；精準(zhǔn)識(shí)別高頻時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞（如since、bytheendof+過去時(shí)間等），快速匹配對應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)；能通過語境判斷動(dòng)作的時(shí)間邏輯（持續(xù)/先后）與主動(dòng)被動(dòng)關(guān)系，區(qū)分易混時(shí)態(tài)；規(guī)避常見錯(cuò)誤（如過去完成時(shí)被動(dòng)漏寫been、混淆現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義）。新高考II卷過去完成時(shí)2024新高考II卷現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)全國甲卷過去完成時(shí)2023北京卷現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)全國乙卷過去完成時(shí)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)完成式完成式知識(shí)點(diǎn)01過去完成時(shí)核心定義：表示在“過去某一動(dòng)作或時(shí)間點(diǎn)之前就已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作”，即“過去的過去”；句子中常含明確的過去時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)，或通過上下文體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作先后順序。1.主動(dòng)形式：had+過去分詞（done）用法：強(qiáng)調(diào)主語在過去某一時(shí)間前主動(dòng)完成的動(dòng)作。例句：WhenIarrivedatthestation,thetrainhadleft.我到達(dá)車站時(shí)，火車已經(jīng)開走了?！盎疖囬_走”發(fā)生在“到達(dá)車站”之前2.被動(dòng)形式：hadbeen+過去分詞（done）用法：強(qiáng)調(diào)主語在過去某一時(shí)間前被動(dòng)承受的動(dòng)作，即“動(dòng)作被完成在過去參照點(diǎn)之前”。例句：Thebridgehadbeenbuiltbefore2020.這座橋在2020年之前就已經(jīng)建成了?！皹虮唤ā卑l(fā)生在“2020年”前【即時(shí)檢測】Whenshegottothecinema,thefilm____________________(begin).By2019,myfamily____________________(live)inthiscityfor20years.Themeeting____________________(already/hold)whenwearrived.Hesaidthathe____________________(never/see)suchabeautifulplacebefore.Allthebooks____________________(sell)outbytheendoflastmonth.Shetoldmethatshe____________________(finish)herreportthedaybefore.【答案】1.hadbegun2.hadlived3.hadalreadybeenheld4.hadneverseen5.hadbeensold6.hadfinished知識(shí)點(diǎn)02現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)核心定義：表示“動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)間開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且很可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)下去”；強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的“持續(xù)性”和“未中斷性”，或近期內(nèi)反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。1.基本形式：have/hasbeen+現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）用法1：持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，常與for（持續(xù)一段時(shí)間）、since（自從某時(shí)）連用。例句：Ithasbeenrainingforthreehours.雨已經(jīng)下了三個(gè)小時(shí)了?！?jiǎng)幼鞒掷m(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還在下雨ShehasbeenlearningEnglishsinceshewas5yearsold.她從5歲起就一直在學(xué)英語?！獙W(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)作持續(xù)至今用法2：近期反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常帶有“抱怨、不耐煩”的語氣。例句：Hehasbeenmakingthesamemistakerecently.他最近一直在犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤?！磸?fù)犯錯(cuò)，含不滿?！炯磿r(shí)檢測】They____________________(work)ontheprojectfortwoweeks.Mymother____________________(cook)inthekitchensince5o’clock.It____________________(snow)heavilyallmorning.He____________________(not/sleep)wellrecently.We____________________(learn)thisnewgrammarsincelastMonday.Thechild____________________(cry)for10minutesbecausehecan’tfindhismother.【答案】1.havebeenworking2.hasbeencooking3.hasbeensnowing4.hasnotbeensleeping5.havebeenlearning6.hasbeencrying易｜錯(cuò)｜點(diǎn)｜撥易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1：過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)混淆規(guī)避方法：若句子中只有一個(gè)過去動(dòng)作，用一般過去時(shí)；有兩個(gè)過去動(dòng)作，且存在“先后順序”（先發(fā)生的用過去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的用一般過去時(shí)）。例：錯(cuò)誤：WhenIarrived,heleft.正確：WhenIarrived,hehadleft.（“離開”在“到達(dá)”前）。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2：過去完成時(shí)被動(dòng)形式結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤規(guī)避方法：牢記被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)“hadbeen+done”，不可遺漏“been”或錯(cuò)寫為“was/were+done”（一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)）。例：錯(cuò)誤：Theworkhadfinishedbeforehecame.正確：Theworkhadbeenfinishedbeforehecame.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)混淆規(guī)避方法：強(qiáng)調(diào)“動(dòng)作持續(xù)的過程”→現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（have/hasbeendoing）；強(qiáng)調(diào)“動(dòng)作完成的結(jié)果或累計(jì)數(shù)量”→現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（have/hasdone）。例：①我學(xué)英語5年了（強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)過程）：IhavebeenlearningEnglishfor5years.②我已經(jīng)學(xué)了500個(gè)單詞（強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果）：Ihavelearned500words.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)4：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)混淆規(guī)避方法：看到for/since等持續(xù)時(shí)間標(biāo)志，且動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，不可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例：錯(cuò)誤：Iwaitforyouforanhour.正確：Ihavebeenwaitingforyouforanhour.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)5：過去完成時(shí)濫用（無“過去的過去”語境）規(guī)避方法：若沒有明確的過去參照點(diǎn)，僅陳述過去的動(dòng)作，用一般過去時(shí)即可，無需用過去完成時(shí)。例：錯(cuò)誤：Hehadgotupat7o’clockyesterday.正確：Hegotupat7o’clockyesterday.（無其他過去動(dòng)作作參照）。解｜題｜技｜巧1.第一步：判時(shí)態(tài)——精準(zhǔn)區(qū)分兩種完成式①看“時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)”：若參照點(diǎn)是“過去的動(dòng)作/時(shí)間”（如arrived、lastyear、bytheendoflast...），且動(dòng)作在參照點(diǎn)前完成→過去完成時(shí)（主被動(dòng)看主語與動(dòng)作的關(guān)系）；②看“持續(xù)性標(biāo)志”：若有for/since引導(dǎo)的持續(xù)時(shí)間，或強(qiáng)調(diào)“動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在、可能繼續(xù)”→現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（have/hasbeendoing）。2.第二步：定形式——快速鎖定正確結(jié)構(gòu)①過去完成時(shí)：主動(dòng)→had+done；被動(dòng)→hadbeen+done（看到“被”“by+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者”優(yōu)先考慮被動(dòng)）；②現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：不分主被動(dòng)，統(tǒng)一→have/hasbeen+doing（注意主語單復(fù)數(shù)：第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其余用have）。3.第三步：找標(biāo)志——牢記高頻時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞①過去完成時(shí)標(biāo)志：bytheendof+過去時(shí)間（lastyear/2020...）、before+過去時(shí)間/過去動(dòng)作、when/after/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句（從句用一般過去時(shí)，主句用過去完成時(shí)）、said/told等過去式動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句；②現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)標(biāo)志：for+一段時(shí)間（threehours/2years...）、since+過去時(shí)間/過去動(dòng)作（since2021/sincehecame...）、recently/thesedays/allmorning（近期持續(xù)）?；A(chǔ)通關(guān)（測試時(shí)間：10分鐘）Bythetimewegotthere,theparty____________________(end).She____________________(read)thisbookfortwohours.Theletter____________________(send)beforeIknewit.They____________________(not/eat)anythingsincemorning.Hesaidhe____________________(visit)Beijingtwice.It____________________(rain)alldaytoday.Thehouse____________________(build)by2018.Mysister____________________(practice)thepianosince3o’clock.WhenIwokeup,thesun____________________(rise).We____________________(study)Englishfor6years.Allthetickets____________________(sell)outwhenwearrivedatthestation.He____________________(not/watch)TVrecently.Shetoldmeshe____________________(finish)herhomework.Thebaby____________________(cry)for15minutes.Bylastmonth,they____________________(plant)1000trees.I____________________(wait)foryousinceyoucalledme.【答案】1.hadended2.hasbeenreading3.hadbeensent4.havenotbeeneating5.hadvisited6.hasbeenraining7.hadbeenbuilt8.hasbeenpracticing9.hadrisen10.havebeenstudying11.hadbeensold12.hasnotbeenwatching13.hadfinished14.hasbeencrying15.hadplanted16.havebeenwaiting重難突破（測試時(shí)間：10分鐘）Whenthepolicearrivedatthescene,thethief____________________(runaway)andthedoor____________________(break)open.Shetoldherfatherthatshe____________________(not/hear)fromherfriendsincetheygraduated.Bythetimeherealizeshismistake,mostofthetime____________________(waste).They____________________(work)onthenewplanforthreemonths,andtheyareabouttofinishit.Theteacherfoundthatthestudents____________________(already/handin)theirpapersbeforethedeadline.Sincehemovedtothiscity,he____________________(make)manynewfriendsand____________________(live)ahappylife.Theoldbuilding____________________(not/be/pulldown)bytheendoflastyearbecauseofthebadweather.Mymother____________________(cook)inthekitchenallafternoon,sosheisverytirednow.Hesaidthathe____________________(learn)toplaytheguitarforayearbeforehejoinedtheband.Bythetimetheconcertstarts,we____________________(wait)outsideforanhour.Theproject____________________(have/be/complete)bytheendofnextmonth,butwehadsomeproblemslastweek.She____________________(not/sleep)wellthesedaysbecausesheisbusywithherexam.WhenIgottothebookstore,thebookIwanted____________________(already/sell)out.We____________________(discuss)theproblemfortwohours,butwestillhaven’treachedanagreement.【答案】1.hadrunaway;hadbeenbroken2.hadnotheard3.willhavebeenwasted4.havebeenworking5.hadalreadyhandedin6.hasmade;hasbeenliving7.hadnotbeenpulleddown8.hasbeencooking9.hadbeenlearning10.willhavebeenwaiting11.willhavebeencompleted12.hasnotbeensleeping13.hadalreadybeensold14.havebeendiscussing易混易錯(cuò)（測試時(shí)間：10分鐘）WhenIarrivedatthestation,thetrain____________________(leave/hadleft).I____________________(learn/havebeenlearning)Englishfor5years.（強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)過程）He____________________(finish/hadfinished)hishomeworkat8o’clockyesterday.It____________________(rain/hasbeenraining)allmorning,andit’sstillraining.Shetoldmeshe____________________(see/hadseen)themoviebefore.We____________________(plant/haveplanted)20treessofar.（強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果）Bytheendoflastyear,he____________________(work/hadworked)inthiscompanyfor10years.Mybrother____________________(play/hasbeenplaying)footballsincehegotup.Theletter____________________(send/wassent/hadbeensent)beforeIcalledher.I____________________(wait/amwaiting/havebeenwaiting)foryouforhalfanhour.He____________________(not/go/hadn’tgone)toschoolyesterdaybecausehewasill.They____________________(study/havebeenstudying)thisgrammarsincelastMonday.Thework____________________(finish/wasfinished/hadbeenfinished)whenthebosscameback.She____________________(cry/hasbeencrying)for10minutes,andhermotheriscomfortingher.By2020,myfamily____________________(live/hadlived)inthishousefor15years.【答案】1.hadleft2.havebeenlearning3.finished4.hasbeenraining5.hadseen6.haveplanted7.hadworked8.hasbeenplaying9.hadbeensent10.havebeenwaiting11.didn’tgo12.havebeenstudying13.hadbeenfinished14.hasbeencrying15.hadlived鏈接高考（測試時(shí)間：15分鐘）（2025年北京卷?模擬卷）Bythetimewearrivedatthetheater,theplay____________________(start).（2025年上海卷?模擬卷）She____________________(learn)Englishfor10years,andshecanspeakitfluently.（2024年新高考I卷?改編Whenthefiremenarrived,thebigfire____________________(putout)bythevolunteers.（2024年新高考II卷?模擬卷）It____________________(rain)heavilyforhours,sotheroadswereflooded.（2024年浙江卷1月?語法填空）Hesaidthathe____________________(never/visit)t