龍東十校聯(lián)盟高三學(xué)年度開學(xué)考試英語試題注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)碼填寫清楚，將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在考生信息條形碼粘貼區(qū)。2.選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆填涂；非選擇題必須使用0.5毫米黑色字跡的簽字筆書寫，字體工整、筆跡清楚。3.請按照題號(hào)順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效；在草稿紙、試卷上答題無效。4.保持卡面清潔，不要折疊，不要弄破、弄皺，不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】WhyisChloewearingboots?A.Shewashiking.B.Shefollowsfashion.C.Shegotthemfromherfriend.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Isthatthelatestfashionforteenagers,Chloe—hikingboots?Surelyyouhavelotsofnicerfootwear.W:Ihaveactuallybeenonahikeupthemountainwithmyfriend,Martin.M:Wow,welldone.Thatisatoughwalk.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Inatheater. B.Athome. C.Onatrain.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:ThemusicfromthisTVprogramreallygetsinmyhead.Iwassingingitalldayyesterday:intheoffice,onthetrain—everywhere!W:That’sfunny.Doyouevenknowwhatitisshowing?M:You’vegotmethere!3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanthinkaboutfishing?A.Boring. B.Interesting. C.Exciting.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Whydoyoulikefishing?Itlooksboringjustsittingtherealldaywithoutanythinghappening.M:Ifinditcalmingafteraharddayatwork.Itmightnotbeexciting,butitkeepsmeentertained.W:Iguessthefishdon’tfinditveryfunny.4.此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Atalentedactress.B.Thedetailsofaplot.C.Amoviethey’vejustseen.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Wasn’tthatgood?Theendingwastotallyunexpected.Ithoughttheactressplayedherpartreallywell.M:Iagree.It’soneofthebestfilmsI’veeverseen.W:Theplotwassooriginal.Somanymoviesthesedayshavesimilarstories.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Giveupsmoking. B.Goforarunregularly. C.Loseweight.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Doyoustillsmoke,Peter?M:Ohno,Igaveuplongago.Irunfivemilesadaynowtokeepfit.W:That’sgreat.I’malsocarefultoeatonlyhealthyfoodtoloseafewpoundsI’veputon.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】6.Whatdoesthemanlikeaboutthehouse?A.Thestairs. B.Thelight. C.Thewindows.7.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?A.Getagate. B.Lookatmorerooms. C.Bargainwiththeseller.【答案】6.A7.C【解析】【原文】M:It’squitedarkinhere,isn’tit?W:Yes,butthat’sbecauseit’sanoldhousewithsmallwindows.M:Thosewoodenstairsarebeautiful.Noonemakesanythinglikethatthesedays.W:Iwouldworryaboutthechildrenfallingdownstairs,though.M:Wecouldputagateatthetop.W:Maybe,butdon’tyouthinkahouselikethisismorethanwecanafford?M:Isupposeso,butmaybewecannegotiate(協(xié)商)abetterprice.W:Right.Weshouldcallthesellerandseewhathesays.M:Okay,let’sdothatrightnow.聽下面一段對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】8.Whatkindofphotosdoesthewomanmostlytakenow?A.Natureandwildlife. B.Travels. C.Streetscenes.9.Whatdoesthemanmeanintheend?A.Heisfondoftraveling.B.Hewantstostartanewhobby.C.Helikestakingphotoswithanoldcamera.【答案】8.C9.B【解析】【原文】M:Yourcameralooksold.I’veneverseenanythinglikethis!W:It’smydad’soldfilmcamera.Althoughit’snotinthebestcondition,itstillworks.M:Cool!Didyourdadteachyouhowtoshootphotos?W:Yeah.Heusedtoshoottravelandwildlifephotos.He’dshowusamazingpictureswhenhereturnedfromhistrips.M:Awesome.I’dlovetorecordmymemorieswithfamilyandfriendsbytakingphotos.W:Metoo.Butthesedays,Imostlyshootstreetphotos.Ifinditattractivetocapturethemomentsaboutdifferentcitiesandvariouspeople.M:I’dliketotryphotographysoon.Hopefully,Icancreateanewhobbyoutofit!聽下面一段對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】10.Whatpositiondoesthewomanapplyfor?A.Asecretary. B.Adoctor. C.Anurse.11.Whatdoesthewomanfinddifficultinherpreviouswork?A.Alackofexperience.B.Herpooreducationbackground.C.Problemswithmentalhealthwork.12.Whichaspectofthejobappealstothewoman?A.Dealingwithheartissues. B.Workingwithherfamily. C.Sortingoutpaperwork.【答案】10.A11.C12.A【解析】【原文】M:So,MissBenson,youmayhavenoticedsomeotherpeoplewaitingoutsidetheroom,haven’tyou?W:Yes,Ihave.M:Theyallhavealsoappliedforthisjob.Whydoyouthinkweshouldchooseyoubutnotoneofthem?W:Well,firstofall,IhaveadegreeinEnglish,soIamhighlyqualifiedtobeasecretary.M:Butwhataboutexperience?W:Istartedoutasaclerk,dealingwiththepaperworkfortheemergencyunitdoctors.Thenforthepastthreeyears,Ihavebeenasecretaryforthementalhealthnurses.M:So,whatappealstoyouaboutworkingwiththeheartunit?W:Well,Idofindthementalhealthworkratherchallenging.Theyhavetodealwithsomeseriousproblems.M:Sodoestheheartunit.W:Ahyes,butwhenmybrotherwasababy,hehadaheartproblem.TheunitcuredhimandsincethenI’vebeenmoreinterestedinheartsandhowtheywork.聽下面一段對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】13.Whendoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.InJune. B.InAugust. C.InSeptember.14.Whydidthespeakersgotothemuseum?A.Theywereadvisedtogothere.B.Theyhadahistoryclassthere.C.Theyfollowedatourgroupthere.15.Whatdidthewomanfindthemostimpressiveaboutthemuseum?A.Itsuniquedesign. B.Itsnumberofpieces. C.Itscollectionofliterature.16.Howwillthespeakersprobablygohome?A.Bybike. B.Bysubway. C.Onfoot.【答案】13.B14.A15.B16.C【解析】【原文】W:Wow,ithasbeenanincredibleday.TheNationalArtMuseumofChinawassoinspiring!I’msogladwevisited.M:Metoo.We’vebeentalkingaboutvisitingsincethebeginningofthesummer.ItwillbeSeptembernextweek.I’mgladwefinallywentthere.W:Same!Thehistoricalpiecesweremindblowing.M:Agreed.I’msogladourChineseteacherremendedustovisit.We’veseenalotofgreatplaceswhiletouringaroundBeijing.Butthiswasoneofmyfavorites.W:True.Thecalligraphyexhibitionwasamazing.IwishIcouldwritelikethat.ButIwasmostimpressedbythesizeofthemuseum’scollections.M:Ilovedthemixoftraditionalandmoderndesigninthisbuildingandits21differentexhibitionhalls.ItperfectlyrepresentsChinesehistoricalsignificanceandmoderninnovation.W:Well,it’stooearlytotaketheundergroundhome,andtheweatherisperfect.Shouldweridebicyclesthroughtheparkinstead?M:I’dratherwalkthroughthesesmallstreets.W:Yes.That’sagreatidea!聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】17.Whydoesthespeakergivethetalk?A.Tosharehispathtosuccess.B.Tointroducehiscolorfulschoollife.C.Toprovidewaysonbeingatopchef.18.Whatdidthespeakerleavehomefor?A.Furtheringhisstudy. B.Openingarestaurant. C.Travelingaroundtheworld.19.Wherewasthespeaker’sfirstrestaurantsetup?A.IntheUK. B.InFrance. C.IntheUS.20.Whatdoweknowaboutthespeaker’smother?A.Sheisaleadingchef.B.Sheinspiredthespeakerinhiscareer.C.Shetookcareofthespeakeratuniversity.【答案】17.A18.A19.A20.B【解析】【原文】Iamoftenaskedwhatthedefiningmomentinmylifewas.Wasitopeningmyfirstrestaurant?Wasitservingfoodtosomeoftheworld’smostfamouspeople?Orwasitbeingasuccessfulbusinessman?Well,Iwouldsaythatnoneofthesethingswastherightanswer.MydefiningmomentwaswhenIlefthometostudyatuniversity.UpuntilthenIwasachild.Iwaswelltakencareofbymyfamily.Mymotherwaskindandthoughtful.Themealsshemadewerewonderfulandgavemethebestideasformyfutureasarestaurateur.Butstartinguniversitywasashock.Suddenly,Ihadtolookaftermyself,payforwhatI’vegot,andevencookformyself.Iwaslostatthatmoment.HowwouldImanageallthestuff?ButIfinallydidit.Ilearntfromthesedifficultiesandtheexperiencesmademestronger.ItookMom’scookingadviceandturneditintosomethingnew,somethingthatvariouspeoplehavepraisedmefor.Shortlyafterleavinguniversity,IopenedmyfirstrestaurantinLondon.SincethenIhaveopenedbranchesinParis,NewYorkandmanyothercities.NowIemploysomeoftheworld’sleadingchefs,artistsintheirprofession.Butitisstilltheinspirationmymomgavemethatisthefoundationofmyrestaurantempire.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ADespitetheverybesteffortsofoureducationsystem,itisstrugglingtocopewithfullysupportingtheemotionalwellbeingofourchildren.Haveyoueverfeltthatyouwouldlovetohelp,butwerepowerlesstoact?Well,here’syouropportunitytodosomethingpositive.TheOllieSchoolplanstobuildanarmyofcoacheswhocanmaketheworldabetterplace.prehensivetrainingOllieCoachingisaprehensiveapproachthatleadsallouryoungsterstoaplacewheretheycanthriveinthechaosofmodernliving.TheOllieSchooltrainscoachesinanintegrationofmethodologiestomakesuretheycoverallthebases.LearnwithflexibilitySomanyschoolsarebattlingtoprovideanappropriatementalhealthenvironment,andtheOlliemethodologyisworkingonempoweringchildrentoseeksolutionsandtakecontroloftheiremotionsratherthanbecontrolledbythem.Itisallaboutpersonalisationandidentifyingwhichtechniquewillworkwitheachindividualchild—noonesizefitsallapproachhere.LicencetohelpTheOllieSchoolgraduatesareawardedacertifiedqualificationinNLP(NeuroLinguisticProgramming)andalicencetoworkasanOllieCoach.Coursesareabinationofonlineandinperson,offeringthebestofbothworlds,withalimitednumberoftraineestomaximiselearningpotential.Ifhelpingchildrenandtheirfamiliestobemoreemotionallytoughappealstoyou,visitollieandhissuperpowers.tofindoutmore.21.WhatisafeatureoftheOlliemethodology?A.Innovativecoursedesign. B.Tailoredstrategy.C.Standardteachingprocedure. D.Groupbasedinstruction.22.WhatdotheOllieSchoolstudentsobtainaftergraduation?A.Aschooljoboffer. B.Freemembership.C.Acoachinglicence. D.Followuptraining.23.WhoaretheOllieSchoolintendedfor?A.Thoseaimingatjobhunting. B.Thosetrappedinacademicanxiety.C.Thosestrugglingwithfamilyissues. D.Thosedevotedtoemotionalsupport.【答案】21.B22.C23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章是關(guān)于某所學(xué)校的介紹與招生宣傳，該校致力于培養(yǎng)兒童情感支持教練?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Learnwithflexibility部分的內(nèi)容“Itisallaboutpersonalisationandidentifyingwhichtechniquewillworkwitheachindividualchild—noonesizefitsallapproachhere.(這一切都是關(guān)于個(gè)性化和確定哪種技術(shù)對每個(gè)孩子都有效——這里沒有一刀切的方法。)”可知，該校教學(xué)方法的一大特點(diǎn)是個(gè)性化教學(xué)，而不是采用一刀切的方法。故選B?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Licencetohelp部分的內(nèi)容“TheOllieSchoolgraduatesareawardedacertifiedqualificationinNLP(NeuroLinguisticProgramming)andalicencetoworkasanOllieCoach.(Ollie學(xué)校的畢業(yè)生被授予NLP（神經(jīng)語言編程）的認(rèn)證資格和作為Ollie教練的執(zhí)照。)”可知，從該校畢業(yè)后可以拿到從業(yè)許可證和執(zhí)照。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷。根據(jù)全文，特別是首尾段落“Despitetheverybesteffortsofoureducationsystem,itisstrugglingtocopewithfullysupportingtheemotionalwellbeingofourchildren.(盡管我們的教育系統(tǒng)盡了最大的努力，但它仍難以完全支持我們孩子的情感健康。)”和“Ifhelpingchildrenandtheirfamiliestobemoreemotionallytoughappealstoyou,visitollieandhissuperpowers.tofindoutmore.(如果你想幫助孩子和他們的家庭在情感上變得更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，那就去訪問ollieandhissuperpowers.來了解更多吧。)”可知，該校的招生對象是想投身于兒童情感支持工作的人。故選D。BIn1959,ifyouwerewalkingthesanddunes(沙丘)nearFlorence,Oregon,youmighthaveencounteredabeardedman,walkingquicklyinarmyclothing.FrankHerbert,awriterwithaninterestinecology,wasgatheringinformationforamagazinestoryaboutaU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)programtostabilize(固定)theshiftingsandsbyintroducingEuropeanbeachgrass.Herberthadbeenaworkingwritersincetheageof19,andhisfortuneshadalwaysbeenuneven.Afterahardchildhoodinasmallcoastalmunity,hehadworkedforvariousregionalnewspapersandsoldshortstoriestomagazines.Afterthat,helivedinWashingtonasaspeechwriterforaRepublicanpolitician.Hewasalsoconstantlyshortofmoney.DuringtheperiodhewroteDune,hiswifeBeverlyAnnwasthemainbreadwinner,withajobofproducingadvertisingcopyfordepartmentstores.Soon,Herbert’sresearchintodunesbecameresearchintodesertcultures.ItoverpoweredhisarticleabouttheheroismofthemenoftheUSDAandbecametwoshortsciencefictionnovels,releasedinseriesinoneofthemorecelebratedscifimagazines.Unsatisfied,Herbertpainstakinglyreworkedhistwonovelsintoasingle,giantepic(史詩).Butpublishersthenbelievedscifireaderspreferredshortstories.Dune,400pagesinitsfirsthardcoveredition,wasrejectedbymorethan20publishinghousesbeforebeingacceptedbyChilton,aPhiladelphiapanyknownfortradeandhobbymagazines.In1965,DunewontheNebulaandHugoAwards,thetwomostimportantsciencefictionprizes.Itwasnotanovernightmercialsuccess,however.Itsfanbasebuiltthroughthe1960sand1970s,withreadershipspreadinginmunities,labsandstudios—anywherewheretheideaofglobaltransformationseemedattractive.Nearlysixdecadeslater,ithassoldnearly20millioncopiesaroundtheworldandisconsideredtobethegreatestscifinovels.24.WhydidHerbertvisitthesanddunesnearFlorencein1959?A.Toseekinspirationforhisnewnovel.B.Toinvestigateunusualsandformations.C.TostudyEuropeanbeachgrassfortheUSDA.D.Toresearchanarticleaboutanecologicalproject.25.WhatdoesthepassagerevealaboutHerbert’slifebeforeDune?A.Heenjoyedawealthyandcarefreechildhood.B.Heinitiallyfocusedondesertecologyresearch.C.Hewasdeterminedtomakeadifferenceinpolitics.D.Hestruggledfinanciallybutgaineddiverseexperience.26.WhatprimarilycontributedtoDune’sgradualriseinpopularity?A.Chilton’ssuccessfuladvertisingcampaign.B.Herbert’sreputationasaScifiawardwinner.C.Wordofmouthsharingamonginterestedreaders.D.USDA’sfavorableremarksonhispreviousarticles.27.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheEcologicalRootsofDune B.TheEpicJourneyofHerbert’sDuneC.Herbert:FromJournalisttoScifiLegend D.Scifi:FromLittleNoticetoPopularity【答案】24.D25.D26.C27.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要介紹作家弗蘭克·赫伯特創(chuàng)作《沙丘》的背景、他此前的生活經(jīng)歷、作品出版波折及后來的成功歷程?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“In1959,ifyouwerewalkingthesanddunes(沙丘)nearFlorence,Oregon,youmighthaveencounteredabeardedman,walkingquicklyinarmyclothing.FrankHerbert,awriterwithaninterestinecology,wasgatheringinformationforamagazinestoryaboutaU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)programtostabilize(固定)theshiftingsandsbyintroducingEuropeanbeachgrass.(1959年，如果你走在俄勒岡州弗洛倫斯附近的沙丘上，可能會(huì)遇到一個(gè)留著胡子、身著軍裝快步行走的男人。弗蘭克·赫伯特（FrankHerbert）是一位對生態(tài)學(xué)感興趣的作家，他當(dāng)時(shí)正在為一篇雜志報(bào)道收集素材，該報(bào)道關(guān)于美國農(nóng)業(yè)部（USDA）的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目——通過引入歐洲海灘草來固定流動(dòng)的沙丘。)”可知，赫伯特1959年前往弗洛倫斯附近的沙丘，是為一篇關(guān)于生態(tài)項(xiàng)目的文章收集研究資料。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Herberthadbeenaworkingwritersincetheageof19,andhisfortuneshadalwaysbeenuneven.Afterahardchildhoodinasmallcoastalmunity,hehadworkedforvariousregionalnewspapersandsoldshortstoriestomagazines.Afterthat,helivedinWashingtonasaspeechwriterforaRepublicanpolitician.Hewasalsoconstantlyshortofmoney.(赫伯特從19歲起就成為了一名職業(yè)作家，他的生活境遇一直起伏不定。在沿海小社區(qū)度過艱難的童年后，他曾在多家地方報(bào)社工作，并向雜志出售短篇小說。之后，他住在華盛頓，擔(dān)任一名共和黨政客的演講稿撰寫人。他還經(jīng)常缺錢。)”可知，在創(chuàng)作《沙丘》之前，赫伯特經(jīng)濟(jì)上拮據(jù)，但擁有報(bào)社工作、撰寫短篇小說、擔(dān)任政客演講稿撰寫人等多樣經(jīng)歷。故選D項(xiàng)。26題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Itwasnotanovernightmercialsuccess,however.Itsfanbasebuiltthroughthe1960sand1970s,withreadershipspreadinginmunities,labsandstudios—anywherewheretheideaofglobaltransformationseemedattractive.(然而，它并非一夜之間取得商業(yè)成功。在20世紀(jì)60至70年代，它的粉絲群體逐漸壯大，讀者群擴(kuò)散到社區(qū)、實(shí)驗(yàn)室和工作室——凡是“全球變革”這一理念具有吸引力的地方，都有它的讀者。)”可知，《沙丘》的受歡迎程度是逐漸提升的，讀者群在不同場所擴(kuò)散，這主要源于感興趣讀者之間的口碑傳播。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，第一段介紹赫伯特為雜志文章調(diào)研沙丘，由此開啟與《沙丘》相關(guān)的創(chuàng)作；第二段講述他創(chuàng)作《沙丘》前的生活經(jīng)歷；第三段描述《沙丘》從短篇科幻小說重寫為長篇史詩，再到多次被拒后成功出版的過程；第四段提及《沙丘》獲得獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)及后來逐漸受歡迎、成為經(jīng)典的情況。文章圍繞《沙丘》從創(chuàng)作背景到出版、再到成功的“歷程”展開，因此“赫伯特《沙丘》的史詩之旅”最適合作為標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)。CWalkaroundmostlargecitiesinEuropeandtheUnitedStates,andyou’dbethinkingthatwe’relivinginanewworldofaffordableandeffortlessmobilityforall,withthesmartphoneinyourpocketanentrancetosharedbikesandelectriccars.Butifyou’redisabledorelderly,livinginalowineareaorwithoutasmartphoneorcreditcard,usingthesesharedmobilityservicesbeesalotmoredifficult.Sharedmobilitycouldbeakeypartofamoresustainabletransportationsystem.Buttobemosteffective,itneedstoincludeeveryone.Rightnow,variousinitiativesandprojectsareseekingcreativesolutionstoreachunderservedmunities.TheEBikeLibrarymodelwasborninsuchcontext.Ebikelibrariesaddressanumberofbarriers:Thebikesarefreeandthelibrariesarehostedbyplacesthatarealreadyanimportantpartofthemunity.Inadditiontomaintainingthebikes,theprogramsalsoorganizetraining,groupridesandeducationaleventstofamiliarizepeoplewithcyclingcultureandsafety.ForMobitwin,asocialtransportationserviceforelderlypeopleandthosewithreducedmobility,personalinteractionsandaffordabilityareimportant.FoundedbytheBelgianmobilitynongovernmentalorganizationMpact,Mobitwinletselderlypeoplerequestavehicleridefromavolunteerforaminimalfee.Theprogram,whichhasbeenrunningsincethe1980s,currentlyservesaround40,000peopleinBelgium.Beingabletogetoutandaboutisacrucialpartofparticipatinginsociety,andreducedmobilityinoldagegoeshandinhandwithsocialisolationandloneliness,accordingtoEsenK?se,projectmanageratMpact.“Wewanttomakesurethatpeoplewhoareoftennotinthesocialcycleofgoingtoworkorschool,whoareactuallyoftenleftout,stillhaveanoptiontogetoutofthehouseanddothesimpledailythings,likegoingtothegrocerystoreorseeingfamilies,”hesays,“ourbiggoalistoengageasmanypeopleaspossibleinsharedmobility,sosupportingserviceisessentialtofacilitatethisshift.”28.Whatistheproblemwiththecurrentsharedmobilityaccordingtothetext?A.Disturbancetotrafficorder. B.Overdependenceonsmartdevices.C.Limitedinvolvementofcertaingroups. D.Heavyfinancialburdenforvehicleusers.29.HowdoestheEBikeLibraryhelpunderservedgroups?A.Byupgradingcyclingfacilities. B.Bypublishingcyclingrelatedbooks.C.Bybuildingacyclingsupportmunity. D.Byprovidingsafetyguaranteesforcycling.30.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribesMobitwin?A.Experimental. B.mercial. C.Accessible. D.Digital.31.WhatcanyouinferfromEsenK?se’swords?A.Socialmobilitydependsonfinancialaid.B.Sharedmobilitypromotesgreentravelshift.C.Publicmobilityismainlybasedondeviceupdates.D.Mobilityisakeytotheelderly’semotionalwellness.【答案】28.C29.C30.C31.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目，致力于解決共享移動(dòng)服務(wù)人群覆蓋不足的問題?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Butifyou’redisabledorelderly,livinginalowineareaorwithoutasmartphoneorcreditcard,usingthesesharedmobilityservicesbeesalotmoredifficult.(但如果你身有殘疾、年事已高、居住在低收入地區(qū)或者沒有智能手機(jī)和信用卡，那么使用這些共享出行服務(wù)就會(huì)變得困難得多)”和第二段“Buttobemosteffective,itneedstoincludeeveryone.(但要發(fā)揮最大的效力，它就必須讓所有人都參與進(jìn)來)”可知，殘疾人群和老年人群使用共享移動(dòng)服務(wù)困難，共享移動(dòng)服務(wù)需要將社會(huì)的每一個(gè)人包括進(jìn)來。故選C?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“TheEBikeLibrarymodelwasborninsuchcontext.Ebikelibrariesaddressanumberofbarriers:Thebikesarefree,andthelibrariesarehostedbyplacesthatarealreadyanimportantpartofthemunity.Inadditiontomaintainingthebikes,theprogramsalsoorganizetraining,groupridesandeducationaleventstofamiliarizepeoplewithcyclingcultureandsafety.(“電動(dòng)自行車圖書館”模式正是在這種背景下應(yīng)運(yùn)而生的。電動(dòng)自行車圖書館解決了諸多難題：這些自行車是免費(fèi)提供的，而且圖書館設(shè)立在已經(jīng)深深融入社區(qū)的場所內(nèi)。除了維護(hù)自行車外，這些項(xiàng)目還組織培訓(xùn)、團(tuán)體騎行活動(dòng)以及教育活動(dòng)，以幫助人們熟悉騎行文化和安全知識(shí))”可知，電動(dòng)自行車圖書館通過建立一個(gè)支持騎行的社群幫助那些弱勢群體。故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“ForMobitwin,asocialtransportationserviceforelderlypeopleandthosewithreducedmobility,personalinteractionsandaffordabilityareimportant.FoundedbytheBelgianmobilitynongovernmentalorganizationMpact,Mobitwinletselderlypeoplerequestavehicleridefromavolunteerforaminimalfee.(對于“摩比特溫”這一專為老年人及行動(dòng)不便者提供的社交出行服務(wù)而言，人際互動(dòng)和價(jià)格合理性至關(guān)重要。該服務(wù)由比利時(shí)的非政府組織“姆帕克特”創(chuàng)立，它允許老年人向志愿者申請乘車服務(wù)，并只需支付少量費(fèi)用)”可知，Mobitwin使老年人能以極低廉的價(jià)格獲得志愿者搭載服務(wù)，特點(diǎn)是“可獲得的”。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Wewanttomakesurethatpeoplewhoareoftennotinthesocialcycleofgoingtoworkorschool,whoareactuallyoftenleftout,stillhaveanoptiontogetoutofthehouseanddothesimpledailythings,likegoingtothegrocerystoreorseeingfamilies(我們希望確保那些通常無法參與正常工作或上學(xué)的群體（他們往往會(huì)被排除在外），仍然能夠有機(jī)會(huì)走出家門，去做一些簡單的日常事情，比如去超市購物或者探望家人)”和“Beingabletogetoutandaboutisacrucialpartofparticipatinginsociety,andreducedmobilityinoldagegoeshandinhandwithsocialisolationandloneliness,accordingtoEsenK?se,projectmanageratMpact.(埃森·科斯是“Mpact”項(xiàng)目的負(fù)責(zé)人，他表示：“能夠外出活動(dòng)是參與社會(huì)生活的重要組成部分，而老年人行動(dòng)能力的下降往往伴隨著社交孤立和孤獨(dú)感的產(chǎn)生?！?”可知，增強(qiáng)老年人的活動(dòng)能力，使其有條件走出家門參與日常社會(huì)活動(dòng)是減少其情感孤獨(dú)的關(guān)鍵因素之一。故選D。DFordecades,scientistshaveidentifiedchroniclowlevelinflammation(炎癥)—called“inflammaging”—asoneoftheprimarydriversofagerelateddiseases.Thinkofitasyourbody’simmunesystemstuckinoverdrive—constantlyfightingbattlesthatdon’texist,graduallywearingdownorgansandsystems.Butanewstudychallengesthatideaandcouldreshapehowwethinkaboutagingitself.Theresearch,publishedinNatureAging,paredpatternsofinflammationinfourverydifferentmunitiesaroundtheworld.Twogroupswerefrommodern,industrialisedsocieties—olderadultslivinginItalyandSingapore.Theothertwowerepristinemunitieswholivemoretraditionallifestyles:theTsimanepeopleoftheBolivianAmazonandtheOrangAsliintheforestsofMalaysia.Theresearchersanalysedbloodsamplesfrommorethan2,800people,lookingatawiderangeofinflammatorymolecules(分子),knownascytokines.AmongtheItalianandSingaporeanparticipants,theresearchersfoundafairlyconsistentinflammagingpattern.Aspeopleaged,levelsofinflammatorymarkersinthebloodrosetogether.Higherlevelswerelinkedtoagreaterriskofchronicdiseasesincludingkidneydiseaseandheartdisease.ButintheTsimaneandOrangAslipopulations,theinflammagingpatternwasabsent.Thesameinflammatorymoleculesdidnotriseconsistentlywithage,andtheywerenotstronglylinkedtoagerelateddiseases.Infact,amongtheTsimane,whofacehighratesofmicroorganisminfections,inflammationlevelswereoftenhigh.Yetthisdidnotleadtothesameratesofchronicdiseasesthataremoninindustrialisednations.Theseresultsraiseimportantquestions.Onepossibilityisthatinflammaging,atleastasmeasuredthroughthesebloodsignals,isnotauniversalbiologicalfeatureofaging.Instead,itmayariseinsocietiesmarkedbyhighcaloriediets,lowphysicalactivityandreducedexposuretoinfections.Inotherwords,chronicinflammationlinkedtoaginganddiseasemightnotsimplyresultfromaninevitablebiologicalprocess,butratherfromamismatchbetweenourancientphysiologyandthemodernenvironment.Ifthesefindingsareconfirmed,theycouldhavesomesignificantconsequences.32.Howisinflammagingrelatedtoagingintheestablishedscientificview?A.Itattackshumanorgans. B.Itcausestheinactivityoforgans.C.Itgeneratesoveractiveimmuneresponse. D.Itlowerstheefficiencyofimmunesystem.33.Whatdoestheword“pristine”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Unspoiled. B.Unweling. C.Unsafe. D.Unlivable.34.WhathasthestudyfoundabouttheTsimaneandOrangAslipeople?A.Theyseldomdevelopchronicdiseases.B.Theirbloodlacksinflammatorymarkers.C.Theyrarelygetexposedtosourcesofinfection.D.Theirinflammationlevelsareindependentofaging.35.Whatdoesthenewstudysuggest?A.Inflammagingisasignalofaging.B.Inflammagingisbiologicallyunavoidable.C.Repeatedinfectionsholdbackinflammaging.D.Modernlifestylecontributestoinflammaging.【答案】32.C33.A34.D35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究，指出炎癥性衰老并不是一個(gè)不可避免的生理現(xiàn)象，而是與我們當(dāng)代的生活方式息息相關(guān)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thinkofitasyourbody’simmunesystemstuckinoverdrive—constantlyfightingbattlesthatdon’texist,graduallywearingdownorgansandsystems.(把它想象成你身體的免疫系統(tǒng)陷入了超速狀態(tài)——不斷地與不存在的戰(zhàn)斗作斗爭，逐漸消耗了器官和系統(tǒng)。)”可知，長期低水平炎癥使得身體的免疫系統(tǒng)陷入過度激活狀態(tài)，持續(xù)對抗不存在的敵人，逐漸消耗各個(gè)器官和系統(tǒng)。故選C?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測題。從第二段“Twogroupswerefrommodern,industrialisedsocieties—olderadultslivinginItalyandSingapore.(其中兩組來自現(xiàn)代工業(yè)化社會(huì)——生活在意大利和新加坡的老年人。)”和“wholivemoretraditionallifestyles:theTsimanepeopleoftheBolivianAmazonandtheOrangAsliintheforestsofMalaysia.(他們過著更傳統(tǒng)的生活方式：玻利維亞亞馬遜地區(qū)的Tsimane人和馬來西亞森林里的OrangAsli人。)”可知，研究選取了現(xiàn)代工業(yè)化社會(huì)下的人群和原始社區(qū)過著傳統(tǒng)生活方式的人群進(jìn)行比較，pristine的意思是“未受損害的，處于原始狀態(tài)的”，和unspoiled意思相近。故選A。【34題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ButintheTsimaneandOrangAslipopulations,theinflammagingpatternwasabsent.Thesameinflammatorymoleculesdidnotriseconsistentlywithage,andtheywerenotstronglylinkedtoagerelateddiseases.(但在Tsimane人和OrangAsli人中，沒有這種炎癥模式。同樣的炎癥分子并沒有隨著年齡的增長而持續(xù)增加，它們與年齡相關(guān)的疾病也沒有很強(qiáng)的聯(lián)系。)”可知，這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Tsimane人和OrangAsli人的炎癥水平與年齡無關(guān)。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Onepossibilityisthatinflammaging,atleastasmeasuredthroughthesebloodsignals,isnotauniversalbiologicalfeatureofaging.Instead,itmayariseinsocietiesmarkedbyhighcaloriediets,lowphysicalactivityandreducedexposuretoinfections.(一種可能性是，炎癥，至少通過這些血液信號(hào)來衡量，并不是衰老的普遍生物學(xué)特征。相反，它可能出現(xiàn)在以高熱量飲食、低體力活動(dòng)和低感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)為特征的社會(huì)。)”可知，新的研究表明現(xiàn)代生活方式會(huì)導(dǎo)致炎癥。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Tofigureouthowtochooseacareer,startbytakingagoodlookatyourself.Yourtalents,yourpassionsandyourmissionarelikethesmallwires.____36____Fromthere,you’llnarrowthefieldfurtherbylookingatthespecificsofdifferentcareeroptionsyou’remostsuitedfor.Listyourskillsandtalents.Nomatterwhoyouare,thereareplentyofthings

you’regoodat.Youmightknowwhatthosetalentsarealready,butgoaheadandmakealistofeveryonethatestomind.____37____Don’tleaveoutanyofthem,evenifyoudon’tthinkitqualifiesasacareerskill.Identifyyourpassionsandmission.Ifyou’regoingtofindameaningfulcareer,passionisn’tjustapipedreambutamust.It

meanstheworkwillfulfillyou.____38____Tosustainmitmentoverthelongstretch,youalsoneedadeeperpurpose.Thispurposedefinesyourmission:thecontributionyouwanttomakeandtheresultsyoutrytosee.____39____Matterslikehowmuchmoneyyouwant