川大附中高級學(xué)年度上期半期考試試題高三英語時(shí)間：分鐘分值：分)第一部分聽力共兩節(jié)，滿分分)第一節(jié)共5小題每小題分，滿分分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的、、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍?，F(xiàn)在你有5秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀第一小題的有關(guān)內(nèi)容。1.Whatiswrongwiththeman’smarkerpen?A.Itisoutofink.B.Itistoosmall.C.Itisofthewrongcolor.2.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.deepbreaths.B.wordsoncards.C.Memorizethespeech.3.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Inaphotographystudio.B.Inaphotographyclass.C.Ataphotographyexhibition.4.Howlonghasthewomanbeencoughing?A.Forthreemonths.B.Fortwomonths.C.Foramonth.5.Whichisusuallytheman’sbestsubject?A.English.B.Physics.C.Maths.第二節(jié)共小題每小題分，滿分分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的、、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第、7題。6.Whydoesthemangiveupplayingsoccer?A.Theweatherisbad.B.Theparkisclosed.C.Hehastoattendawedding.7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends.B.Brotherandsister.C.Husbandandwife.第1頁/共24頁聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Havingadrink.B.Climbingamountain.C.arest.9.Howdoesthemansound?A.Cheerless.B.Positive.C.Calm.聽第8段材料，回答第至題。10.Whatwillthemandoafterfinishinghisdegree?A.Gotograduateschool.B.Starthisownbusiness.C.atapany.Whatdoesprobablydo?A.He’sarepairman.B.He’sanengineer.C.He’sachairman.12.Whatdoespanysell?A.Software.B.puterparts.C.Internetservices.聽第9段材料，回答第至題。13.Whatkindofracewillthewomanrun’?A.Shortdistance.B.Mediumdistance.C.Amarathon.14Whichseasonisitnowprobably?A.Spring.B.Summer.C.Fall.15.Whydidn’tthewomanexercisetoday?A.Thegymwastoofar.B.Thegymwasclosed.C.Thegymwasfullybooked.16.Howwillthewomanplain?A.Throughthewebsite.B.Throughemail.C.Throughthephone.聽第段材料，回答第至題。17.Whatisthemaintopicofthetalk?A.Detailsofancienthistory.B.Storiesof20thcenturyexplorers.C.Developmentofmoderntechnology.18.HowdoesthespeakerdescribePercyFawcett?第2頁/共24頁AEnergetic.B.Mysterious.C.Crazy.19.WhendidPercyFawcettstartexploring?A.Around1850.B.Around1900.C.Around1950.20.WhowroteTheLostWorld?A.PercyFawcett.B.JoaodaSilvaGuimaraes.C.ArthurConanDoyle.第二部分閱讀共兩節(jié)，滿分分)第一節(jié)共小題每小題分，滿分分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的、、、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AHerearesomemuseumsinhonoroffamouswritersyoucanvisit.Shakespeare,perhapsthegreatestplaywrightinEnglishliterature,iscelebratedattheShakespeareBirthplacecanvisithischildhoodhome,exploreexhibitsabouthislifeandworks,andexperienceliveperformancesintheRoyalShakespeareTheatre.canalsovisitAnneHathaway’shouse,whereShakespearecourtedher.Location:EnglandReadingsuggestion:MacbethDiscovertheliterarylegacy(遺產(chǎn))ofLouisaMayAlcott,authorofLittleatherformerhome,OrchardHouse.ExploretheroomswhereAlcottpennedherfamousnovelandlearnabouttheinspirationsbehindherbelovedcharacters.Therehavebeennomajorchangestothehouse,sotheroomslookmuchthesame.Location:Concord,theUSReadingsuggestion:LittleEnjoythefairytalesthathaveattractedgenerationsattheHansChristianAndersenMuseum.ExplorethelifeandimaginationoftheDanishauthorbehindhisshortstorieslikeTheLittleMermaid.Fromthemomentyoustepintothebuilding,theexhibitiontakesyoudeeperintoAndersen’sfairytales.Location:Odense,DenmarkSuggestedreading:TheLittleMermaid第3頁/共24頁BuryyourselfinthepoetryofPabloNeruda,theChileanpoet.ThePabloNerudaHouseshowcaseshiscollectionofart,poetry,andpersonalartifacts,offeringapoeticjourneythroughhislifeandcreativeexpressions.IwishIknewSpanishwellenoughtoreadNeruda’sworksinhisnativelanguage.Location:Santiago,ChileSuggestedreading:LovePoems:AndaSongofDespair1.WhatcanvisitorsdoattheShakespeareBirthplaceA.liveshows.B.Learntowriteplays.CMeetAnneHathaway.D.ReaddraftsofMacbeth.2.WhichoftheworkswasprobablywritteninSpanish?A.Macbeth.B.LittleC.TheLittleMermaid.D.LovePoems:AndaSongofDespair.3.Whoisthetextintendedfor?A.Artreviewers.B.Literatureenthusiasts.C.Theatreperformers.D.Architecturedesigners.【答案】1.A2.D3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)和著名作家相關(guān)的博物館的情況?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheShakespeareBirthplace部分中“canvisithischildhoodhome,exploreexhibitsabouthislifeandworks,andexperienceliveperformancesintheRoyalShakespeareTheatre.(你可以參觀他童年的家，探索關(guān)于他的生活和作品的展覽，并在皇家莎士比亞劇院體驗(yàn)現(xiàn)場表演)”可知，游客在莎士比亞出生地可以看現(xiàn)場表演。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ThePabloNerudaHouse部分中“IwishIknewSpanishwellenoughtoreadNeruda’sworksinhisnativelanguage.(我希望我的西班牙語能讀懂聶魯達(dá)的母語作品)”以及“Suggestedreading:LovePoems:AndaSongofDespair()”可知，LovePoems:AndaSongofDespair可能是用西班牙語寫的。故選D?！?題詳解】第4頁/共24頁Herearesomemuseumsinhonoroffamouswritersyoucanvisit.(這里有一些紀(jì)念著名作家的博物館，你可以參觀)”以及文章主要介紹了四個(gè)和著名作家相關(guān)的博物館的情況?？芍?，文章針對的是文學(xué)愛好者。故選B。BTheroad,straightandsmooth,leadstowardscivilization.Allaroundus,theflatnothingnessisinterruptedonlybyelectricitypylons(輸電線塔),stretchingintothedistancelikechildrenholdingjumpropes.passghosttownservicestationswithemptyconveniencestoresstockedwithdrinks,noodles,andvacuumpackedchickenfeet.ThenDunhuangesintoOnesitethattraderswouldhavealmostcertainlyvisitedistheMogaoCaves.These492caveswerehandcarvedintoafacebecauseaBuddhistmonknamedLeZunhadavisionof1,000Buddhasbathedingoldenlightatthesitein366C.E.Theinteriorwallswerepaintedwithbreathtakingmuralsandtheniches(壁龕)filledwithstatuesofBuddha.Merchantswouldpassbytoprayforprotectionfromthewarringnomads(游牧民族)andmurderousthievesonthepath.However,astheSilkRoadtradewasabandonedinfavorofsearoutesinthe14thcentury,Dunhuangwasswallowedbythesandsoftimeandknowledgeofthecavesfadedfrommemory.Iwalkalonganavenueofsilverpoplartrees.myleft,thecaveslooksimilartoarowofprisonblocks:squatsquaredoorframes,eachnumbered,andsetintotheconcrete.ButasIdipmyheadtoenter,acolorfuldreamworldofdragons,phoenixes,andpetalscatteringapsaras(飛天女神)unfolds.Thehandsofourguidemakeshadowpuppetsonthewallasshegesturesinfrontofthetorchlight.InCave96sitsaninestorytallBuddhastatue,thethirdtallestinChina.AllIcanseeistheedgeofhisrobesdecoratedwithfiercedragonsandbluelotusflowers.Hislongtoenailsareattherightheightforscratchingthetopofmyhead.Icranemynecktostareathisrubylips.Theyaretightlypursed,refusingtotellmethewhisperedsecretsoftravelersbeforeme.4.Whichbestdescribestheauthor’simpressiononthewaytoDunhuang?A.Peaceful.B.Burdened.C.Deserted.D.Modernized.5.HowdidthedeclineoftheSilkRoadtradeDunhuang?A.Itledtotheconstructionofmorecaves.B.ItcausedDunhuangtobeetimeless.C.ItattractedmoreandmoretouriststoDunhuang.D.ItresultedinDunhuangbeingforgottenovertime.6.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?第5頁/共24頁A.explainthesignificanceofthecave.B.conveytheauthor’ssenseofwonder.C.highlighttheculturalvalueofthecave.D.providespecificdescriptionofthecave.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.CavesofFaithB.EchoesofthecaveC.SecretsoftheSilkRoadD.GuardiansoftheGoldenLight【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇游記。文章主要講述了作者前往敦煌的沿途風(fēng)光，介紹了莫高窟的歷史背景、洞窟內(nèi)的壁畫與佛像?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Theroad,straightandsmooth,leadstowardscivilization.Allaroundus,theflatnothingnessisinterruptedonlybyelectricitypylons(輸電線塔),stretchingintothedistancelikechildrenholdingjumpropes.Wepassghosttownservicestationswithemptyconveniencestoresstockedwithdrinks,noodles,andvacuumpackedchickenfeet.(周，廣袤的空曠之地只有一座座輸電線塔矗立其間，它們向遠(yuǎn)方延伸，宛如孩童手持跳繩的模樣。我們途經(jīng)幾座宛如鬼城的加油站，站內(nèi)的便利店空無一人，貨架上卻還擺放著飲料、方便面和真空包裝的雞爪。)”故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“However,astheSilkRoadtradewasabandonedinfavorofsearoutesinthe14thcentury,Dunhuangwasswallowedbythesandsoftimeandknowledgeofthecavesfadedfrommemory.(14掩埋，關(guān)于這些洞窟的記憶也漸漸淡出了人們的視野。)”可知，絲綢之路貿(mào)易衰落使敦煌被時(shí)間的黃沙掩埋，關(guān)于它的記憶也逐漸淡出人們的視野，即敦煌逐漸被遺忘。故選D?！?題詳解】InCave96sitsaninestorytallBuddhastatue,thethirdtallestinChina.AllIcanseeistheedgeofhisrobesdecoratedwithfiercedragonsandbluelotusflowers.Hislongtoenailsareattherightheightforscratchingthetopofmyhead.Icranemynecktostareathisrubylips.第6頁/共24頁Theyaretightlypursed,refusingtotellmethewhisperedsecretsoftravelersbeforeme.(96號洞窟內(nèi)坐落著一尊九層高的佛像，這是中國第三高的佛像。我所能看到的，只有佛像衣袍的邊角——上面裝飾著威風(fēng)凜凜的龍與藍(lán)色的蓮花。佛像修長的腳趾甲剛好到能碰到我頭頂?shù)母叨?。我仰起脖子，凝視著他紅寶石般的嘴唇。那嘴唇緊緊抿著，不愿向我透露往日旅人們曾在此低語的秘密。)”可知，在最后一段中，作者詳細(xì)描寫了96嘴唇”，都是為了表達(dá)作者的驚嘆之情。故選B?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“ThenDunhuangesintoview.()”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，全文圍繞敦煌莫高窟展開：先描述前往敦煌的沿途景象，再介紹莫高窟的歷史起源、過往商人96項(xiàng)A“CavesofFaith(信仰之窟)”與此相符。故選A。CInrecentyearselectricvehicles(EVs)havegainedsignificantpopularityasamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyalternativetotraditionalgasolinepoweredcars.However,concernsabouttheiractualenvironmentalimpactaregrowing.Forinstance,theproductionofEVbatteriesrequireslargeamountsofrareearthmetals,theminingofwhichcanleadtodeforestation,soilerosion,andwaterpollution.Additionally,theelectricityusedtochargeEVsoftenesfrompowerplantsthatburnfossilfuels,emittingsubstantialamountsofgreenhousegases.Somestudiessuggestthatinregionsheavilydependentoncoalforelectricitygeneration,thecarbonfootprintofEVsduringtheiroperationmaynotbemuchlowerthanthatofconventionalvehicles.Nevertheless,theseconcernsmightbeoverstated.Infact,EVsmayhaveamuchgreaterpotentialforenvironmentalbenefitsthanmanypeoplerealize.TheInternationalCouncilonClean(ICCT)predictsthatastheshareofrenewableenergyinelectricitygenerationincreases,theenvironmentaladvantagesofEVswillbeemorepronounced.Currently,onlyabout20%oftheelectricityusedforEVcharginginsomeregionsesfromrenewablesourceslikesolarandwind.Butastheworldtransitionstocleanerenergy,thispercentageisexpectedtorisesignificantly.Moreover,EVscontributetoreducingairpollutioninurbanareas.Theyproducezerotailpipeemissions,whichdirectlyimproveslocalairqualityandreducesthehealthrisksassociatedwithbreathingpollutedair.AutomakersandpolicymakersfacethechallengeofmaximizingtheenvironmentalbenefitsofEVswhileminimizingtheirnegativeimpacts.Theidealsolutionwouldbetorapidlyincreasetheproportionofrenewable第7頁/共24頁energyinthepowergridandimprovetheefficiencyofbatteryrecycling.However,sinceachievingafullyrenewablepowergridgloballyisstillalongtermgoal,focusingonthreemoreimmediatemeasuresismorepractical.Thefirstmeasureispromotingbatteryrecycling.Startingin2027,somecountrieswillrequireautomakerstotakebackusedEVbatteriesandrecycleatleast70%ofthematerials.Thispracticeshouldbeadoptedmorewidely.Thesecondmeasureisoptimizingthelocationofchargingstations.Bystrategicallyplacingchargingstationsnearrenewableenergysources,theenvironmentalimpactofchargingcanbefurtherreduced.Third,automakersmustinvestmoreinresearchanddevelopmenttoimprovebatterytechnology,makingitmoreenergyefficientandreducingtheneedforrareearthmetals.StrengtheningtheseapproacheswouldhelptransformEVsfrompotentialenvironmentalconcernsintopowerfultoolsforenvironmentalprotection.8.Whatisthemainconcernaboutelectricvehicles?A.Theirhighproductioncosts.B.Theirlimiteddrivingrange.C.Theirpotentialnegativeenvironmentalimpact.D.Theirpetitionwithtraditionalgasolinepoweredcars.9.Whatcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraph?A.TheenvironmentalbenefitsofEVsarealreadyfullyrealized.B.TheenvironmentaladvantagesofEVsdependonthesourceofelectricity.C.renewableenergycurrentlyaccountsformostoftheelectricityusedforEVcharging.D.EVshavenoimpactonreducingairpollutioninurbanareas.10.WhichsolutionismorepracticaltomaximizetheenvironmentalbenefitsofEVs?A.Achievingafullyrenewablepowergridgloballyimmediately.B.Banningtheuseoffossilfuelpoweredpowerplants.C.Optimizingthelocationofchargingstationsnearrenewableenergysources.D.Encouragingconsumerstobuymoregasolinepoweredcarsintheshortterm.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ElectricASureFireSolutionfortheEnvironmentB.TheHighCostofElectricBatteriesC.ElectricAThreatoraHopefortheEnvironment?D.TheFutureofGasolinePoweredCars第8頁/共24頁【答案】8.C9.B10.CC【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章圍繞電動汽車對環(huán)境的影響展開討論，既提到了人們對其環(huán)境影響的擔(dān)憂，也闡述了其潛在的環(huán)境效益，探討了電動汽車到底是對環(huán)境的威脅還是希望。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第一段中“However,concernsabouttheiractualenvironmentalimpactaregrowing.Forinstance,theproductionofEVbatteriesrequireslargeamountsofrareearthmetals,theminingofwhichcanleadtodeforestation,soilerosion,andwaterpollution.Additionally,theelectricityusedtochargeEVsoftenesfrompowerplantsthatburnfossilfuels,emittingsubstantialamountsofgreenhousegases.(對環(huán)境的實(shí)際影響。例如，電動汽車電池的生產(chǎn)需要大量的稀土金屬，而稀土金屬的開采會導(dǎo)致森林砍伐、土壤侵蝕和水污染。此外，用于給電動汽車充電的電力通常來自燃燒化石燃料的發(fā)電廠，排放大量溫室氣體)”明確指出人們對電動汽車的主要擔(dān)憂是其對環(huán)境的實(shí)際影響，包括電池生產(chǎn)帶來的資源開采問題以及充電用電產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體排放等。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。第二段中“TheInternationalCouncilonClean(ICCT)predictsthatastheshareofrenewableenergyinelectricitygenerationincreases,theenvironmentaladvantagesofEVswillbeemorepronounced.Currently,onlyabout20%oftheelectricityusedforEVcharginginsomeregionsesfromrenewablesourceslikesolarandwind.(國際清潔交通理事會（ICCT）預(yù)測，隨著可再生能源在發(fā)電中所占份額的增加，電動汽車的環(huán)境優(yōu)勢將更加明顯。目前，在一些地區(qū)，用于電動汽車充電的電力中只有約20%來自太陽能和風(fēng)能等可再生能源)”提到，國際清潔交通委員會預(yù)測隨著可再生能源在發(fā)電中占比增加，電動汽車的環(huán)境優(yōu)勢將更明顯，且目前部分地區(qū)電動汽車充電用電只有約20%來自可再生能源，由此可推斷電動汽車的環(huán)境優(yōu)勢取決于電力來源。故選B?！?0題詳解】However,sinceachievingafullyrenewablepowergridgloballyisstillalongtermgoal,focusingonthreemoreimmediatemeasuresismorepractical.(然而，由于在全球范圍內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)完全可再生電網(wǎng)仍然是一個(gè)長期目標(biāo)，因此專注于三個(gè)更直接的措施更為實(shí)際)”和第四段中“Thefirstmeasureispromotingbatteryrecycling.(第一項(xiàng)措施是促進(jìn)電池回收)Thesecondmeasureisoptimizingthelocationofchargingstations.(二是優(yōu)化充電站的位置)”以及“Third,automakersmustinvestmoreinresearchanddevelopmenttoimprovebatterytechnology,makingitmoreenergyefficientandreducingtheneedforrareearthmetals.()”提到，第9頁/共24頁實(shí)現(xiàn)全球完全可再生能源電網(wǎng)是長期目標(biāo)，更實(shí)際的措施包括促進(jìn)電池回收、優(yōu)化充電站位置和改進(jìn)電池技術(shù)等。故選C?！绢}詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第一段中“Inrecentyears,electricvehicles(EVs)havegainedsignificantpopularityasamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyalternativetotraditionalgasolinepoweredcars.However,concernsabouttheiractualenvironmentalimpactaregrowing.(近年來，電動汽車（EVs）作為一種更環(huán)保的替代傳統(tǒng)汽油動力汽車而獲得了顯著的普及。然而，人們越來越擔(dān)心它們對環(huán)境的實(shí)際影響)”可知，文章圍繞電動汽車對環(huán)境的影響展開討論，既提到了人們對其環(huán)境影響的擔(dān)憂，也闡述了其潛在的環(huán)境效益，探討了電動CC。DCivilization,weliketothink,isbuiltonmemory.preservearchives,writehistories,andteachourchildrenthepast—alltoavoidrepeatingmistakes.a2023studybytheInstituteforHistoricalResearch(IHR)tellsadifferentstory:78%ofmajorsocietalshifts(fromtheIndustrialRevolutiontodigitalization)wereacpaniedby“strategicforgetting”—thedeliberatesideliningofinconvenienttruths.Considerthe19thcenturyexpansionofrailroads.Historiansnowagreethatthe“ageofprogress”narrativeignoredthedisplacementof1.2millionruralfamiliesandthedestructionof300,000acresofancientwoodland.Why?Becauserememberingthesecostswouldhaveslowedthe“forwardmarch”ofindustry.SociologistUlrichBeckcalledthis“theamnesiaofmodernity”:wecelebrateinnovationwhileerasingitshumanandenvironmentalpricetags.Thisforgettingisn’taflawincivilization—it’safeature.Phillipsarguesthatmemory,ifunfiltered,paralyzes.A2022psychologicalexperimentatCambridgeUniversityfoundthatpeoplewhorecalledeverydetailofpastfailureswere43%lesslikelytotakerisks,evenwhenriskswerenecessaryforgrowth.“Civilizationneedsbothmemoryandforgetting,”Phillipswrites.“Theproblemisn’tforgettingitself,butforgettingbydesign—whenthoseinpowerdecidewhichtruthsdisappear.”the2008financialcrisis.TheIHRstudynotesthatbanksandpolicymakersquicklyframedthecrisisasa“onetimeglitch”ratherthanaresultofdecadesofunregulatedgreed.Thisstrategicforgettingallowedthesameriskypracticestoreturnby2015.don’tjustforgetthepast,”Phillipsconcludes.forgetthatwe’reforgetting—andthat’showcyclesofharmrepeat.”12.Whatdidthe2023IHRstudyfind?A.Memorybuildscivilization.B.Shiftsneedforgetting.第10頁/共24頁C.78%shiftshadforgetting.D.Mistakesrepeatoften.13.Whywasrailroadharmignored?A.speedindustry.B.protectfamilies.C.savewoodlands.D.avoidcosts.14.What’sPhillips’attitudeto“strategicforgetting”?A.Approving.B.Critical.C.Neutral.D.Confused.15.Whatcanweinferaboutthe2008crisis?A.Itwasaonetimeglitch.B.Greedcausedit.C.Riskswerenecessary.D.Bankschangedpractices.【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章指出人們普遍認(rèn)為文明建立在記憶之上，但2023年歷史研究所的研究顯示78%的重大社會變革都伴隨“策略性遺忘”，并通過鐵路擴(kuò)張、2008年金融危機(jī)等案例，探討了策略性遺忘的存在原因、影響及問題?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“a2023studybytheInstituteforHistoricalResearch(IHR)tellsadifferentstory:78%ofmajorsocietalshifts(fromtheIndustrialRevolutiontodigitalization)wereacpaniedby“strategicforgetting”—thedeliberatesideliningofinconvenienttruths.(IHR2023年的一78%“策略性遺忘”——故意擱置不便言說的事實(shí))”可知，2023年IHR的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)78%的社會變革都存在策略性遺忘。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Historiansnowagreethatthe“ageofprogress”narrativeignoredthedisplacementof1.2millionruralfamiliesandthedestructionof300,000acresofancientwoodland.Why?Becauserememberingthesecostswouldhaveslowedthe“forwardmarch”ofindustry.(法忽視了120萬農(nóng)村家庭的流離失所和30萬英畝古老林地的破壞。為什么？因?yàn)橛涀∵@些代價(jià)會減緩工業(yè)的“前進(jìn)步伐”)”可知，鐵路擴(kuò)張帶來的危害被忽視，是為了加快工業(yè)發(fā)展速度。故選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Phillipswrites.“Theproblemisn’tforgettingitself,butforgettingbydesign—whenthoseinpowerdecidewhichtruthsdisappear.”(第11頁/共24頁)需要遺忘，但批判由當(dāng)權(quán)者主導(dǎo)的蓄意遺忘，其態(tài)度是批判的。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“TheIHRstudynotesthatbanksandpolicymakersquicklyframedthecrisisasa“onetimeglitch”ratherthanaresultofdecadesofunregulatedgreed.(IHR將這場危機(jī)定性為“一次性故障”，而非數(shù)十年不受監(jiān)管的貪婪所導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果)2008年金融危機(jī)實(shí)際上是由貪婪引起的，只是被刻意掩蓋了。故選B。第二節(jié)共5小題每小題分，滿分分)“Apple”,“tweet”,“cloud”,“stream”—wordsthatformedpicturesofthecountrysidearenowcloselyconnectedwithourtechnologicalworld.____16____Similarly,whileinthe1990s100%ofmentionsof“stream”meant“alittleriver”,thathasnowfallento36%.“Alotofnewtechisabstractanddifficulttounderstand,whichmakesitripeformetaphor,”DrRobbieLove,alinguistwhodidthestudy,said.And“simpleandvivid”wordshelpedto“expresssomethinghardertoexplain”.Hesaid,“____17____‘Stream’nicelydescribestheideaofinformationflowingintoourdevices.”O(jiān)riginalusesoftheword“cloud”droppedbynearlyaquarter,withchildren’sconversationswitchingawayfromthenaturalmeaningsofwordsintheirvocabularyfromabouttheageof10.“Thischangewasneitherabadnoragoodthing.____18____coulddrinka‘can’oflemonadeor‘can’playthepiano,forexample,”DrLovesaid.Butsinglemeaningnaturalwords,suchas“l(fā)awn”,“twig”,“blackbird”,“fishing”,“paddle”,“sand”,“paw”and“shell”,alsodecreasedinfrequencyamongyoungpeople.Nationalregionaldirector,AndyBeer,said,“____19____”“Natureconnectionisn’tjustaboutplayingoutside;itmeansusingallthesenses—activelynoticingnature,suchashowgorsegrowsinthewild,howfogcanclingtoyourhair,howaspider’swebcansparkleinthemorning.”MrBeersaidhelpingchildrenspendmoretimeinnature“isn’tabout‘teaching’kidsorjustgettingthemtoobserve.____20____”“Ifwecanstrengthentheconnectionwithnature,wecanstrengthenthebenefitstoourwellbeing,”hesaid.A.oftentakemorethanonemeaning.B.Asanationwearelosingourconnectionwithnature.C.Itmakesiteasyforpeopletotalkabouttechtheydon’tunderstand第12頁/共24頁D.Usesoftheword“apple”meaning“afruit”nowhaveincreasedgreatly.E.Itisbadforthenextgenerationstoforgettheoriginalmeaningofaword.F.It’sabouthelpingthemthink,feelandrelatetonature,doingthingsthathelpthemconnect.G.Astudysuggests,just1%ofusesoftheword“tweet”inconversationsnowreferto“birdsong”.【答案】16.G17.C18.A19.B20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了“apple”“tweet”等原本與鄉(xiāng)村自然相關(guān)的詞匯，如今更多與科技領(lǐng)域關(guān)聯(lián)，這種詞匯含義的轉(zhuǎn)變反映出年輕人與自然的連接逐漸弱化，同時(shí)探討了這一現(xiàn)象的影響及加強(qiáng)自然連接的重要性。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“wordsthatformedpicturesofthecountrysidearenowcloselyconnectedwithourtechnologicalworld.()”以及下文“Similarly,whileinthe1990s100%ofmentionsof“stream”meant“alittleriver”,thathasnowfallento36%.(20世紀(jì)90年代，100%的“stream”指代“小河”，而現(xiàn)在這一比例已降至36%)”可知，此空需列舉一個(gè)類似“stream”的詞匯，體現(xiàn)其原義使用比例下降的情況。G選項(xiàng)“Astudysuggests,just1%ofusesoftheword“tweet”inconversationsnowreferto“birdsong”.(一項(xiàng)研究表明，現(xiàn)在對話中“tweet”一詞只有1%指代“鳥鳴”。)”以具體數(shù)據(jù)體現(xiàn)“tweetstreamG項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“And“simpleandvivid”wordshelpedto“expresssomethinghardertoexplain”.(而“簡單生動”的詞匯有助于“表達(dá)難以解釋的事物”)”以及下文“‘Stream’nicelydescribestheideaofinformationflowingintoourdevices.(‘Stream’很好地描述了信息流入我們設(shè)備的概念)”可知，此空需說明這類詞匯對描述陌生科技事物的作用。C選項(xiàng)“Itmakesiteasyforpeopletotalkabouttechtheydon’tunderstand.(它讓人們更容易談?wù)撍麄儾焕斫獾目萍际挛?”承接上文“表達(dá)難以解釋的事物”，且下文“stream”的例子正是對該內(nèi)容的具體佐證，符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。【18題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thischangewasneitherabadnoragoodthing.(這種變化既不是壞事也不是好事)”以及下文“coulddrinka‘can’oflemonadeor‘can’playthepiano,forexample.(例如，我們可以喝一‘罐’檸檬水，或者‘能’彈鋼琴。)A選項(xiàng)“oftentakemorethanonemeaning.(詞匯通常有不止一個(gè)意思)第13頁/共24頁觀點(diǎn)的說明，符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Butsinglemeaningnaturalwords,suchas“l(fā)awn”,“twig”,“blackbird”,“fishing”,“paddle”,“sand”,“paw”and“shell”,alsodecreasedinfrequencyamongyoungpeople.(但像“草坪”“細(xì)枝”“烏鶇”“釣魚”“船槳”“沙子”“爪子”和“貝殼”)”可知，B選項(xiàng)“Asanationwearelosingourconnectionwithnature.(作為一個(gè)國家，我們正在失去與自然的連接)”直接呼應(yīng)自然詞匯使用減少的現(xiàn)象，點(diǎn)明其背后體現(xiàn)的核心問題，符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“MrBeersaidhelpingchildrenspendmoretimeinnature“isn’tabout‘teaching’kidsorjustgettingthemtoobserve.(比爾先生說，幫助孩子們花更多時(shí)間在大自然中“不是‘教’孩子們，也不僅僅是讓他們)F選項(xiàng)“It’sabouthelpingthemthink,feelandrelatetonature,doingthingsthathelpthemconnect.(而是幫助他們思考、感受并與自然建立聯(lián)系，做一些能幫助他們建立連接的事情)”以“而是”承接上文，明確親近自然的核心目標(biāo)，符合語境。故選F項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用共兩節(jié)，滿分分)第一節(jié)共小題每小題1分，滿分分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的、、、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Itwasmybirthday,andIwascelebratingitasIhadforyears:bywatchingtheannualAugustheavenlywonder,themeteor(流星)showerinnight.Butthisyearwas____21____.Istudiedformygraduatedegreeinmedicine,asIhad____22____todoforthepast15years.Butnow,watchingitacrossthenightsky,Ibeganto____23____thepathIhadtaken.Intheweekssincestartingmycourses,IhadmetpeoplewithjobsandPh.D.sintheareasIhadnever____24____—neuroscience,archaeology,andeven____25____,broadeningmyhorizons.____26____,anothereventhelpedmemakeadecision:asolareclipse(日食).Afterthetripalongthewindingmountainroad,Ifounda____27____spotinavalleysurroundedbythemountains,nothingbesidesoccasionalbirds’songs.The____28____builtastheMoongraduallyslidinfrontoftheSun.Finally,whentheworldaroundmebecame____29____,IknewIhadtopursuepreviously____30____options.Thenextfouryearsweresomeofthemost____31____ofmylife.Iworkedvarious____32____jobs:第14頁/共24頁washingatrestaurants,andthensellingclothesatstores.Igotajobasateachingassistantandconductedresearch.Ieventually____33____withanotherbachelor’sdegreeinphysics,andbeganaPh.D.programinastronomy.Now,abouttokickmyfinalyearofmyPh.D.,Irealizethatmy____34____fortheskygavemeagreatgift.It____35____mefromallowingearthlyworries,shame,orselfdoubttostandinthewayofchasingnewdreams.21.A.normalB.differentC.diverseD.ordinary22.A.hesitatedB.refusedC.fearedD.planned23.A.questionB.acceptC.followD.find24.A.ignoredB.recalledC.consideredD.admitted25.A.literatureB.astronomyC.historyD.geography26.A.SadlyB.GraduallyC.AccidentallyD.Eventually27.A.peacefulB.warmC.muddyD.wild28.A.panicB.sadnessC.anticipationD.confusion29.A.hotB.noisyC.strangeD.dark30.A.misledB.unimaginedC.mismatchedD.unspoken31.A.cheerfulB.relaxingC.successfulD.challenging32.A.easyB.stableC.decentD.odd33.A.trainedB.leftC.graduatedD.struggled34.A.loveB.knowledgeC.studyD.thinking35.A.freedB.protectedC.bannedD.distracted【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.B26.C27.A28.C29.D30.B31.D32.D33.C34.A35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在生日看流星雨時(shí)，開始質(zhì)疑既定的醫(yī)學(xué)之路，日食讓作者決心追尋未想過的方向，歷經(jīng)挑戰(zhàn)后獲物理學(xué)學(xué)位并攻讀天文學(xué)博士，對天空的熱愛助他追夢?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但今年不同了。A.normal正常的；B.different不同的；C.diverse多種多樣的；D.ordinary普通的。根據(jù)前文“Itwasmybirthday,andIwascelebratingitasIhadforyears:”及后文“Butnow,watchingitacrossthenightsky,Ibeganto___3___thepathIhadtaken.星雨，但后文轉(zhuǎn)折講述作者開始反思自己的人生道路，說明今年和往年不同。故選B。第15頁/共24頁【22題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我正在攻讀醫(yī)學(xué)研究生學(xué)位，就像我過去15A.hesitated猶豫；B.refused拒絕；C.feared害怕；D.planned計(jì)劃。根據(jù)前文“Istudiedformygraduatedegreeinmedicine,”及后文“forthepast15years”可知，攻讀醫(yī)學(xué)研究生是作者長期計(jì)劃的事。故選D?！?3題詳解】A.questionB.accept接受；C.follow跟隨；D.findIstudiedformygraduatedegreeinmedicine,asIhad___2___todoforthepast15years.”及“Butnow”可知，but人生道路。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在開始上課的幾周里，我遇到了一些人，他們的工作和博士學(xué)位涉及我從未考慮過的領(lǐng)域——神經(jīng)科學(xué)、考古學(xué)，甚至天文學(xué)，這些拓寬了我的視野。A.ignored忽視；B.recalled回憶；C.considered考慮；D.admitted承認(rèn)。根據(jù)下文“neuroscience,archaeology,andeven____5____,broadeningmyhorizons.”可知，作者一直計(jì)劃攻讀醫(yī)學(xué)，所以這些領(lǐng)域是作者之前沒考慮過的。故選C?！?5題詳解】A.literatureB.astronomyC.historyD.geography地理。根據(jù)下文“Ieventually___13___withanotherbachelor’sdegreeinphysics,andbeganaPh.D.programinastronomy.”可知，作者開始了天文學(xué)博士學(xué)位課程，所以這里提到的領(lǐng)域有天文學(xué)。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：偶然的是，另一件事幫助我做出了決定：日食。A.Sadly悲傷地；B.Gradually逐漸地；C.Accidentally偶然地；D.Eventually最終。根據(jù)后文“anothereventhelpedmemakeadecision:asolareclipse”可知，正當(dāng)作者猶豫不決時(shí)，偶然發(fā)生的看日食的經(jīng)歷讓作者做了決定。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：沿著蜿蜒的山路行駛后，我在一個(gè)被群山環(huán)繞的山谷里找到了一個(gè)寧靜的地方，除了偶爾的鳥鳴聲，什么也沒有。A.peaceful寧靜的；B.warm溫暖的；C.muddy泥濘的；D.wild野生的。根據(jù)后文“nothingbesidesoccasionalbirds’songs”可知，作者找到了一個(gè)寧靜的地方。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著月亮逐漸滑到太陽前面，期待感逐漸增強(qiáng)。A.panic恐慌；B.sadness悲傷；C.anticipation期待；D.confusion困惑。根據(jù)后文“astheMoongraduallyslidinfrontoftheSun.”可知，日食是難得的景象，人們會充滿期待。故選C。第16頁/共24頁【29題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，當(dāng)我周圍的世界變得黑暗時(shí)，我知道我必