2025年雅思材料分析真題及答案

一、單項選擇題（每題2分）1.Whichofthefollowingisaprimarycharacteristicofdescriptiveresearch?A.Itaimstoestablishcause-and-effectrelationships.B.Itinvolvesthecollectionofquantitativedata.C.Itfocusesonobservinganddescribingphenomena.D.Itusesstatisticalmethodstoanalyzedata.Answer:C2.Theterm"sample"inresearchrefersto:A.Theentirepopulationbeingstudied.B.Asubsetofthepopulationselectedforanalysis.C.Theresearchmethodologyused.D.Thestatisticaltoolsappliedtodata.Answer:B3.Inacorrelationalstudy,researchersareprimarilyinterestedin:A.Establishingcausalitybetweenvariables.B.Measuringthestrengthanddirectionofrelationships.C.Identifyingthemostsignificantvariables.D.Testinghypothesesaboutpopulationparameters.Answer:B4.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofaqualitativedatacollectionmethod?A.Administeringastandardizedquestionnaire.B.Conductingastructuredinterview.C.Performingat-teststatisticalanalysis.D.Recordingphysiologicalresponses.Answer:B5.Thepurposeofacontrolgroupinanexperimentalstudyisto:A.Increasethesamplesize.B.Provideabaselineforcomparison.C.Reducethevariabilityofthedata.D.Enhancethereliabilityofthemeasures.Answer:B6.Aresearcherusesaconveniencesampletostudytheeatinghabitsofcollegestudents.Thissamplingmethodis:A.Randomandunbiased.B.Systematicandrepresentative.C.Convenientbutpotentiallybiased.D.Stratifiedandhighlyreliable.Answer:C7.Theterm"validity"inresearchrefersto:A.Theaccuracyofthemeasurementtools.B.Theconsistencyoftheresults.C.Therepresentativenessofthesample.D.Thesignificanceofthestatisticalfindings.Answer:A8.Whichofthefollowingisacommonthreattotheinternalvalidityofastudy?A.Samplingbias.B.Measurementerror.C.Confoundingvariables.D.Statisticalpower.Answer:C9.Theprocessoforganizingandsummarizingdatatomakeitmoreunderstandableisknownas:A.Dataanalysis.B.Datacollection.C.Datainterpretation.D.Datapresentation.Answer:A10.Aresearchhypothesisistypically:A.Abroad,generalstatement.B.Aspecific,testableprediction.C.Asummaryofthefindings.D.Adescriptionofthemethodology.Answer:B二、多項選擇題（每題2分）1.Whatarethemaintypesofresearchdesigns?A.Experimental.B.Correlational.C.Descriptive.D.Longitudinal.E.Cross-sectional.Answer:A,B,C,D,E2.Whichofthefollowingareexamplesofqualitativedata?A.Surveyresponses.B.Interviewtranscripts.C.Ratingscales.D.Observationalnotes.E.Physicalmeasurements.Answer:B,D3.Whatarethekeycomponentsofaresearchproposal?A.Introduction.B.Literaturereview.C.Methodology.D.Hypothesis.E.Budget.Answer:A,B,C,D4.Whatarethecommonthreatstoexternalvalidity?A.Selectionbias.B.Maturation.C.History.D.Testing.E.Mortality.Answer:B,C,D,E5.Whatarethetypesofreliability?A.Test-retestreliability.B.Internalconsistency.C.Inter-raterreliability.D.Validity.E.Reliabilitycoefficient.Answer:A,B,C6.Whatarethestepsinthedataanalysisprocess?A.Datacleaning.B.Datacoding.C.Datatransformation.D.Datavisualization.E.Datainterpretation.Answer:A,B,C,D,E7.Whatarethedifferenttypesofsamplingmethods?A.Randomsampling.B.Stratifiedsampling.C.Clustersampling.D.Conveniencesampling.E.Snowballsampling.Answer:A,B,C,D,E8.Whatarethecomponentsofaresearchreport?A.Abstract.B.Introduction.C.Methodology.D.Results.E.Discussion.Answer:A,B,C,D,E9.Whatarethetypesofresearchquestions?A.Descriptive.B.Exploratory.C.Explanatory.D.Hypothesis-testing.E.Analytical.Answer:A,B,C,D10.Whataretheethicalconsiderationsinresearch?A.Informedconsent.B.Anonymity.C.Confidentiality.D.Datasecurity.E.Objectivity.Answer:A,B,C,D,E三、判斷題（每題2分）1.Descriptiveresearchisusedtoexplorenewphenomenaandgeneratehypotheses.Answer:False2.Correlationalresearchcanestablishcause-and-effectrelationships.Answer:False3.Aconveniencesampleisalwaysbiased.Answer:True4.Validityreferstotheaccuracyofthemeasurementtools.Answer:True5.Internalvalidityisthreatenedbyconfoundingvariables.Answer:True6.Longitudinalstudiesareconductedoverashortperiod.Answer:False7.Quantitativedataarenumericalandcanbecountedormeasured.Answer:True8.Qualitativedataareoftenanalyzedusingstatisticalmethods.Answer:False9.Aresearchhypothesisisaspecific,testableprediction.Answer:True10.Ethicalconsiderationsinresearchincludeinformedconsentandconfidentiality.Answer:True四、簡答題（每題5分）1.Describethedifferencebetweendescriptiveandinferentialstatistics.Descriptivestatisticssummarizeanddescribethefeaturesofadataset,suchasmean,median,andmode.Inferentialstatisticsusesampledatatomakeinferencesaboutalargerpopulation,suchashypothesistestingandconfidenceintervals.2.Explaintheconceptofsamplingbiasandhowitcanbeminimized.Samplingbiasoccurswhenthesampleisnotrepresentativeofthepopulation,leadingtoskewedresults.Itcanbeminimizedbyusingrandomsamplingtechniques,ensuringthesamplesizeisadequate,andusingstratifiedsamplingtomaintainproportionality.3.Discusstheimportanceofacontrolgroupinanexperimentalstudy.Acontrolgroupprovidesabaselineforcomparison,helpingtodeterminetheeffectoftheindependentvariable.Ithelpstoruleoutalternativeexplanationsfortheobservedeffectsandenhancestheinternalvalidityofthestudy.4.Explainthedifferencebetweenqualitativeandquantitativedata.Qualitativedataaredescriptiveandnon-numerical,suchasinterviewtranscriptsandobservationalnotes.Quantitativedataarenumericalandcanbecountedormeasured,suchassurveyresponsesandphysicalmeasurements.五、討論題（每題5分）1.Discussthestrengthsandlimitationsofusingaconveniencesampleinresearch.Strengths:Convenienceandcost-effectiveness,easytoaccessparticipants.Limitations:Highpotentialforbias,maynotberepresentativeofthepopulation,resultsmaynotbegeneralizable.2.Explainhowaresearchercanensurethereliabilityandvalidityoftheirstudy.Reliabilitycanbeensuredbyusingconsistentmeasurementtools,trainingresearchers,andconductingpilotstudies.Validitycanbeensuredbyclearlydefiningresearchquestions,usingappropriatemethodologies,andaddressingpotentialbi