第02講Unit4—5重點(diǎn)單詞、短語(yǔ)、句型回顧和詞匯拓展精講精練(選擇性必修一)選修一Unit4BodyLanguage重點(diǎn)單詞、短語(yǔ)、句型回顧1.varyvi.(根據(jù)情況)變化；改變[教材原文]Justlikespokenlanguage,bodylanguagevariesfromculturetoculture.就像口語(yǔ)一樣，肢體語(yǔ)言也因文化而異。(1)Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,therearevarietiesofgoodsinstores，varyinglife.Inailygroceriestoluxurygoods,whichgreatlyenrichpeople'slife.Inaddition,thegoodsvarywiththeseasoninvarietyandquantity.(vary)books.Theyreadingverymuch,especiallythestorybooks.TheyvaryfromChinesestoriestoEnglishstories.→Ilikereadingverymuch,especiallythestorybooksvaryingfromChinesestoriestoEnglishstories．(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ))(3)(應(yīng)用文之活動(dòng)安排)如果你來(lái)北京旅游，我將安排各種各樣的活動(dòng)，從爬長(zhǎng)城到參觀頤和園不等。IfyoutraveltoBeijing，Iwillarrangeavarietyof/varietiesof/variousactivities，whichvaryfromclimbingtheGreatWalltovisitingtheSummerPalace.(1)varyin在……方面不同/有差異varywithsth.隨……而變化from...to...from...to...從……到……情況不等(2)varietyn．種類；多樣化avarietyof/varietiesof各種各樣的thevarietyof...……的種類(3)variousadj.各種各樣的；具有多種特征的2.appropriateadj.合適的；恰當(dāng)?shù)腫教材原文]Thecrucialthingisusingbodylanguageinawaythatisappropriatetothecultureyouarein.關(guān)鍵是使用肢體語(yǔ)言的方式要適合你所處的文化。(1)Itisnotappropriatetoask(ask)suchpersonalquestionsinaninterview.(2)他隨便的穿著不適合這樣正式的場(chǎng)合。Hiscasualclotheswerenotappropriateto/forsuchaformaloccasion．(3)(2022·全國(guó)甲卷，書(shū)面表達(dá))Itisappropriateforustodosmallthingsinourdailylifetoprotectouroceans.→Itisappropriatethatwe(should)dosmallthingsinourdailylifetoprotectouroceans.(Itisappropriatethat...)(1)beappropriatefor/to...＝besuitablefor/befitfor適合……Itisappropriate(forsb.)todosth.(對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō))做某事是合適的Itis(not)appropriatethatsb.(should)dosth.某人做某事是(不)合適的(2)appropriatelyadv.適當(dāng)?shù)?.approvevt.批準(zhǔn)，通過(guò)vi.贊成；同意[教材原文]Inothercountries,bycontrast,eyecontactisnotalwaysapprovedof.相反，在另一些國(guó)家，眼神交流并不總是被認(rèn)可。(1)Wehavemadeadjustmentstoourplansothatitcanmeetwithyourapproval(approve).(2)(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷，讀后續(xù)寫(xiě))父親同意這對(duì)雙胞胎準(zhǔn)備母親節(jié)早餐，并且主動(dòng)提出幫助他們。當(dāng)看到早餐時(shí)，這位高興的母親向雙胞胎投去贊許的目光。Thefatherapprovedofthetwins/twins'preparingaMother'sDaybreakfastandofferedtohelpthem.Whenseeingthebreakfast，thedelightedmothergavethetwinsanapprovinglook．(1)approveof(sb./sb.'sdoing)sth.贊成/同意(某人做)某事beapprovedby被……批準(zhǔn)(2)approvaln．批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可；贊成with/withouttheapprovalof經(jīng)/未經(jīng)……的批準(zhǔn)giveone'sapprovalto...同意/批準(zhǔn)……(3)approvingadj.贊成的；同意的4.witnessvt.當(dāng)場(chǎng)看到；目擊；見(jiàn)證n．目擊者；證人[教材原文]InJapan,someonewhowitnessesanotherpersonemployingthegesturemightthinkitmeansmoney.在日本，如果有人看到另一個(gè)人做這個(gè)手勢(shì)，可能會(huì)以為是錢(qián)的意思。(1)Thepolicehaveappealedforwitnessestotheaccident.(2)(2023·浙江卷1月，應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作)上周日，我參加了一個(gè)由學(xué)生會(huì)組織的有意義的活動(dòng)，名為“認(rèn)識(shí)我們身邊的植物”。LastSundaywitnessedmyparticipatinginameaningfulactivitynamed“GettingtoKnowthePlantsAroundUs”organizedbytheStudents'Union.(1)witnesssth.目擊某事發(fā)生(2)givewitnesstosth.為……作證be(a)witnessto……的目擊者5.employvt.使用；應(yīng)用；雇用[教材原文]InJapan，someonewhowitnessesanotherpersonemployingthegesturemightthinkitmeansmoney.在日本，如果有人看到另一個(gè)人做這個(gè)手勢(shì)，可能會(huì)以為是錢(qián)的意思。(1)Thegovernmenthastakeneffectivemeasurestocreatemoreemployment(employ)opportunities.(2)(應(yīng)用文之申請(qǐng)信)如果有幸被雇用，我將不遺余力地回報(bào)您的信任。IfIamluckyenoughtobeemployed,Iwillsparenoefforttorepayyouforyourtrust.(3)(2021·全國(guó)乙卷，書(shū)面表達(dá))每天忙于在線學(xué)習(xí)，我不能勻出時(shí)間與老師們和同學(xué)們面對(duì)面地交流?！鶨mployedinonlinelearningeveryday，Ican'tsparesometimetointeractwithmyteachersandclassmatesfacetoface.(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))→Employingmyselfinonlinelearningeveryday，Ican'tsparesometimetointeractwithmyteachersandclassmatesfacetoface.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))6.differvi.相異；不同于[教材原文]Eventhegesturesweusefor“yes”and“no”differaroundtheworld.甚至我們用來(lái)表示“是”與“不是”的手勢(shì)在世界各地都不一樣。(1)Thereisnodenyingthatcustomsdifferinthisrespect.(2)我最尊敬的人是我的班主任，他在教學(xué)方面與其他老師不同。在我們的學(xué)習(xí)上，他先進(jìn)的教學(xué)方法對(duì)我們學(xué)生有巨大影響。在我們的日常生活中，他教我們?nèi)绾蚊鞅媸欠?。ThepersonIrespectmostismyheadteacherwhodiffersfrom/isdifferentfromotherteachersinteaching．Inourstudies，hisadvancedteachingmethodsmakeagreatdifferencetousstudents．Inourdailylife，heteachesushowtotellthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong．(3)(2022·全國(guó)甲卷，書(shū)面表達(dá))一些人認(rèn)為保護(hù)我們的海洋免受污染對(duì)我們沒(méi)有影響，但是我認(rèn)為海洋保護(hù)非常重要。Somepeoplethinkthatprotectingouroceansfrombeingpollutedmakesnodifferencetous，butIattachgreatimportancetooceanprotection.(1)differfrom...與……不同differin...在……方面不同differwithsb.on/about/over...在……上不同意某人的看法(2)differencen．差異，不同(之處)makea/nodifferencetosb./sth.對(duì)某人/某物有/沒(méi)有影響tellthedifferencebetweenAandB(＝tellAandBapart)區(qū)分A和B(3)differentadj.不同的，有區(qū)別的bedifferentfrom...與……不同7.favourvt.較喜歡；選擇；有利于n．幫助；恩惠；贊同；喜愛(ài)[教材原文]Elsewhere,peoplefavourshakinghands,bowingfromthewaist,ornoddingtheheadwhentheymeetsomeoneelse.在其他地方，人們見(jiàn)面時(shí)更喜歡握手、彎腰鞠躬或者點(diǎn)頭。(1)Ourproductshavegoodfameathomeandabroad,deeplyfavoured(favour)bycustomers.(2)機(jī)遇和成功往往青睞那些有準(zhǔn)備的人?！鶲pportunitiesandsuccesstendtobeinfavourofthosewhoareready.→Opportunitiesandsuccesstendtofavourthosewhoareready.(3)(應(yīng)用文之結(jié)束語(yǔ))如果你有任何問(wèn)題，盡管向我求助。Ifyouhaveanyquestions，don'thesitatetoaskmeafavour/askafavourofme．(1)dosb.afavour＝doafavourforsb.幫某人一個(gè)忙asksb.afavour＝askafavourofsb.請(qǐng)某人幫忙owesb.afavour欠某人一個(gè)人情(be)infavourof＝befor贊成；主張(be)against反對(duì)(2)favouriteadj.&n.特別受喜愛(ài)的(人或物)(3)favourableadj.有利的；贊成的8.breakdown出故障；不能運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；消除；打破；分解[教材原文]Asmilecanbreakdownbarriers.微笑能夠消除隔閡。(1)Wehadbrokenupfortenmonthsandwewereoverwhelmedwithgrief.Sowhenweultimatelybrokedownourlongstandingbarriers，webrokeintotears.(2)(2021·浙江卷6月，讀后續(xù)寫(xiě))Ibrokein，“Dad，hereiswhatIreceivedformywork.Ithinkitwouldhelpyouinsomeway.”Hearingthat，myfatherbrokedown．(3)(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之憤怒心理描寫(xiě))他決心離家出走，怒氣沖沖地跑出家門(mén)，消失在夜色中。Determinedtobreakawayfromhome，heranoutofthehouseinangeranddisappearedintothenight.breakin打斷，插嘴說(shuō)；闖入breakinto闖入；強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入；突然開(kāi)始breakout(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng))爆發(fā)；(火災(zāi))突然發(fā)生breakup分解；解散；破裂breakawayfrom脫離，放棄否定詞與比較級(jí)連用表示最高級(jí)含義9.[教材原文]Andifwearefeelingdownorlonely,thereisnothingbetterthanseeingthesmilingfaceofagoodfriend.如果我們感到沮喪或孤獨(dú)，最美好的事情莫過(guò)于看到好朋友的笑臉。(1)ItwasnotuntilthenthatIsuddenlyrealizednobodywashappier(happy)thanIwas.(2)(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之親情篇升華句)直到那時(shí)我才突然意識(shí)到?jīng)]人比我媽媽更愛(ài)我了。ItwasnotuntilthenthatIsuddenlyrealizedthatnobodylovedmemorethanmymom．(3)(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷，讀后續(xù)寫(xiě))大衛(wèi)向我走來(lái)，“我從沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)比你更熱心的人了。沒(méi)有你，我不可能參加大型越野跑，因此，我怎么感謝你也不為過(guò)。”他的眼睛里閃爍著激動(dòng)和感激的淚水。Davidwalkedtome，“Ihaveneverseenamorewarmheartedpersonthanyou．Withoutyou，Icouldn'thaveparticipatedinthebigcrosscountryrun，soIcan'tthankyouenough/toomuch．”Hiseyestwinkledwithtearsofexcitementandgratitude.本句中否定詞nothing與比較級(jí)better連用，表示最高級(jí)的含義。最高級(jí)意義的多種表達(dá)法：(1)否定詞＋形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)(＋than)(2)否定詞＋so/as＋形容詞/副詞原級(jí)＋as10.inotherwords換句話說(shuō)；也就是說(shuō)[教材原文]Inotherwords...換句話說(shuō)……(1)Wehaven'texpectedhiswinning.Inotherwords,wearesurprisedathiswinning.(2)前幾天她和她的丈夫吵架了，因?yàn)樗皇匦庞?。他決定真誠(chéng)地和他的妻子談一談，并保證無(wú)論發(fā)生什么都會(huì)遵守諾言。Theotherdayshehadwordswithherhusbandbecausehebrokehisword．Hedecidedtohaveawordwithhiswifesincerelyandpromisedtokeephiswordnomatterwhathappened.(3)(應(yīng)用文之餐桌禮儀)總之，吃飯時(shí)你用筷子指著其他人是不合適的。Ina/oneword，itisnotappropriateforyoutopointyourchopsticksatothersatdinner.in/beyondwords用/無(wú)法用語(yǔ)言表達(dá)ina/oneword總之，簡(jiǎn)言之haveawordwith與……談一談havewordswith與……吵嘴breakone'sword失信，食言keepone'sword遵守諾言11.occupyvt.占據(jù)；占用(時(shí)間、空間等)；使忙碌[教材原文]Withtheirchinsontheirhands,theyoccupythemselvesbystaringoutofthewindoworupattheceiling.他們雙手托著下巴，專注地盯著窗外或天花板。(1)Shehasbeensooccupied(occupy)withherworkthatshehasn'thadtimeforsocialactivities.→Shehasoccupiedherselfwithherworkthatshehasn'thadtimeforsocialactivities.→Sooccupiedwithherworkhasshebeenthatshehasn'thadtimeforsocialactivities.(倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))(2)(2021·全國(guó)甲卷，書(shū)面表達(dá))IoccupymyselfinorganizingaclassmeetingaboutChinesetraditionalculturesatpresentandIamwritingtoaskyousomesuggestions.→OccupyingmyselfinorganizingaclassmeetingaboutChinesetraditionalculturesatpresent，Iamwritingtoaskyousomesuggestions.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))→OccupiedinorganizingaclassmeetingaboutChinesetraditionalculturesatpresent，Iamwritingtoaskyousomesuggestions.(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))(1)occupyoneselfwithsth./(in)doingsth.忙于(做)某事(2)occupiedadj.忙碌的；占用的beoccupied(in)doingsth.忙于做某事beoccupiedwith(doing)sth.從事/忙于(做)某事(3)occupationn．工作，職業(yè)；占領(lǐng)12.distinguishvi.&vt.區(qū)分；辨別；使有別于；使出眾[教材原文]Whileitiseasytoperceivewhenstudentsareinterested,bored,ordistracted,itissometimesmuchhardertodistinguishwhenstudentsaretroubled.盡管學(xué)生們何時(shí)(對(duì)講課)感興趣、何時(shí)感到無(wú)聊或精力不集中是容易察覺(jué)的，但要發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生何時(shí)有困擾有時(shí)會(huì)難得多。(1)It'smypleasuretointroduceChinesepaintingtoourdistinguished(distinguish)guests.(2)他作為一名老師在這座城市已經(jīng)享有盛名。他不僅教我們分辨善惡，而且能夠更高效地提高我們的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)。總而言之，他是我最尊敬的杰出老師。Hehasdistinguishedhimselfasateacherinthecity.Notonlydoesheteachustodistinguishbetweengoodandevilbuthecanimproveouracademicperformancesmoreeffectively.Inaword，heisthedistinguishedteacherIrespectmost.(1)distinguishbetween...and...區(qū)分/辨別……和……distinguish...from...從……中區(qū)分/辨別……distinguishoneselfas...作為……而出眾(2)distinguishedadj.卓越的，著名的，杰出的；高貴的13.embarrassedadj.難堪的；窘迫的；尷尬的[教材原文]Theymayalsohidetheirfacesintheirhandsliketheyareembarrassedorashamed.他們也可能用手捂著臉，仿佛感覺(jué)尷尬或羞愧。(1)Hewasverysurprisedtohear(hear)peoplespeaksohighlyofhim.(2)(2021·浙江卷1月，讀后續(xù)寫(xiě))Tomyembarrassment(embarrass)，myheadwasstuckinthehugepumpkin.→Whatembarrassedme/Whatmademeembarrassedwasthatmyheadwasstuckinthehugepumpkin.(what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句)(1)be/feelembarrassedtodosth.尷尬于做某事be/feelembarrassedabout/atsth.因……而感到尷尬/窘迫(2)embarrassmentn．難堪；困窘toone'sembarrassment令某人難堪的是(3)embarrassvt.使難堪，使局促不安embarrassingadj.令人難堪的14.ashamedadj.羞愧；慚愧[教材原文]Theymayalsohidetheirfacesintheirhandsliketheyareembarrassedorashamed.他們也可能用手捂著臉，仿佛感覺(jué)尷尬或羞愧。(1)Shewasashamedtotell(tell)hermotherthatshehadfailedagain.(2)Ashamedandfrustrated(既羞愧又沮喪；形容詞作狀語(yǔ))，Ifeltasifaknifewerepiercingmyheartandtearsblurredmyeyes.(3)她的臉上泛起了紅暈，頭輕輕地垂著，眼角上閃著羞愧的淚光。Herfacewasflushed，herheadwashanginggently，andtearsofshamewereshiningfromthecornersofhereyes．(1)be/feelashamedof(doing)sth.對(duì)(做)某事感到慚愧beashamedtodosth.因慚愧而不情愿做某事；因?qū)擂味銖?qiáng)做某事(2)shamen．羞愧；讓人遺憾的事It'sashame/pitythat...令人惋惜的是……15.bothervi.&vt.費(fèi)心；麻煩；因……操心n．麻煩；不便[教材原文]However,ifastudentdoesnotbothertobrushherhairandhereyesareredfromweeping,thenIcaninferthattherearedeeperissuesatwork.但是，要是學(xué)生都懶得梳頭，并且兩眼因哭泣而發(fā)紅，那么我能夠推斷她遇到了更嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。(1)I'msorrytobotheryouwith/aboutsomanyquestionsonsuchanoccasion.(2)使我苦惱的是五月十號(hào)前要完成全部工作。ItbothersmetofinishthewholeworkbeforeMay10.(3)在那一點(diǎn)上她與你意見(jiàn)不一致，你感到苦惱嗎？Doesitbotheryouthatshedisagreeswithyouonthat？bothersb.with/aboutsth.為某事打擾或麻煩某人bothertodosth.費(fèi)心做某事；操心做某事Itbotherssb.todosth./that...使某人苦惱的是……16.conflictn．矛盾；沖突vi.沖突；抵觸[教材原文]Itcouldbethatsheishavingseriousconflictswithotherstudentsorathome.可能是她和其他同學(xué)或家里發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重的沖突。(1)Thechangesaresuretoconflictwiththeoldtraditions,sowemustgivethemasecondthought.(2)(應(yīng)用文之建議信)得知你和你爸爸有沖突，我寫(xiě)信給你一些建議。Learningthatyouhavebeeninconflictwithyourfather，Iamwritingtoofferyousometips.(1)beinconflictwith與……相沖突eintoconflictwith...與……發(fā)生沖突(2)conflictwith與……相沖突17.adjustvt.調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)vi.&vt.適應(yīng)；(使)習(xí)慣[教材原文]Theirbodylanguageletsmeknowwhentoadjustclassactivities,whentointervene,andwhentotalktostudentsindividually,sotheycanallgetthemostoutofschool.他們的肢體語(yǔ)言讓我知道什么時(shí)候該調(diào)整課堂活動(dòng)，什么時(shí)候該去干預(yù)，什么時(shí)候該單獨(dú)和學(xué)生談話，好讓他們都能從學(xué)校得到最大的收獲。(1)Broughtupinthecountry,hefindsithardtoadjusthimselftoliving(live)inthecity.(2)(應(yīng)用文之建議信)我寫(xiě)信向您尋求關(guān)于如何調(diào)整(自己)以適應(yīng)學(xué)校生活的建議。Iamwritingtoturntoyouforadviceonhowtoadjust(myself)toschoollife．(3)(應(yīng)用文之結(jié)束語(yǔ))如果你有任何問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)隨時(shí)與我聯(lián)系，以便我能對(duì)先前的安排做出調(diào)整。→Ifyouhaveanyquestions，don'thesitatetocontactmesothatIcanadjusttheformerarrangements．(adjust)→Ifyouhaveanyquestions，don'thesitatetocontactmesothatIcanmakeadjustmentstotheformerarrangements．(adjustment)(1)adjuststh.tosth.調(diào)整……以適應(yīng)……adjustto(doing)sth.適應(yīng)(做)某事(2)adjustmentn．調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)makeanadjustment/adjustmentsto對(duì)……做出調(diào)整18.callon(短暫地)訪問(wèn)；要求(某人講話等)；正式邀請(qǐng)[教材原文]Somestudentsactthiswaymerelybecausetheyareafraidofbeingcalledonbytheteacher.有些學(xué)生之所以這樣做，僅僅是因?yàn)樗麄兒ε卤焕蠋熀暗健?1)ThePresidentcalledupon/onthepeopletowork(work)hardtomakethecountryrichandstrong.(2)(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷，讀后續(xù)寫(xiě))這對(duì)雙胞胎在準(zhǔn)備母親節(jié)早餐上有很大困難，因此，他們請(qǐng)來(lái)父親幫助他們。父親和藹地告訴他們：“做一頓美味的早餐需要極大的耐心和一些技能?！盩hetwinshadgreatdifficultypreparingaMother'sDaybreakfast，sotheycalledintheirfathertohelpthem．Thefathertoldthemkindly，“Cookingadeliciousbreakfastcallsforgreatpatienceandsomeskills．”callon/uponsb.todosth.號(hào)召/呼吁某人做某事callback回電話；召回；回想起callin召回；叫……進(jìn)來(lái)callfor需要除callon/uponsb.之外，表示“拜訪”的短語(yǔ)還有以下這些：callataplace拜訪某地dropinonsb.順便拜訪某人dropinataplace順便拜訪某地payavisittosb./aplace拜訪某人/某地19.部分否定[教材原文]Ofcourse,noteveryonewholooksupispayingattentioninclass.當(dāng)然，課堂上并不是每個(gè)抬頭看的學(xué)生都在專心聽(tīng)課。(1)Notallbodylanguages(并非所有的肢體語(yǔ)言)meanthesamethingindifferentcountries.(2)使我尷尬的是他們倆都沒(méi)有對(duì)我的問(wèn)題作出回應(yīng)。Whatmademeembarrassedwasthatneitherofthemreactedtomyquestion.(3)(2021·全國(guó)甲卷，書(shū)面表達(dá))正如你所知道的，并不是所有的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化都吸引外國(guó)朋友。因此，我寫(xiě)信尋求你的建議。Asyouknow，notallthetraditionalChineseculturesareattractivetoforeignfriends/allthetraditionalChineseculturesarenotattractivetoforeignfriends．SoIamwritingtogetyouradvice.本句為一個(gè)部分否定句。當(dāng)all，both，each，everybody，everyone，everything，always，whole，entirely等具有總括意義的代詞、形容詞和副詞與否定副詞not連用時(shí)，便構(gòu)成了部分否定，意為“不是……都；并非……都”。noone，no，none，never，nothing，nomore，nolonger，noway等表示否定意義的詞(組)與肯定式謂語(yǔ)一起使用時(shí)，構(gòu)成“全部否定”。20.havesth.done[教材原文]Soifastudenthashisheadloweredtolookathiswatch，itimpliesheisboredandjustcountingtheminutesfortheclasstoend.因此，如果一名學(xué)生低頭看表，這意味著他很無(wú)聊，簡(jiǎn)直就是在數(shù)著時(shí)間等下課。(1)Itwascold,andshehadthefireburning(burn)dayandnight.(2)(應(yīng)用文之建議信)遵循以下建議，你的問(wèn)題就能得到解決。Takethefollowingadviceandyoucanhaveyourproblemssettled．(3)(應(yīng)用文之道歉信)讓你等了這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，我必須向你道歉。今天，我有太多緊急的事情要處理。Imustapologizetoyouforhavingyouwaitingforsuchalongtime．Today，Ihavesomanyurgentthingstoattendto．句中的hashisheadlowered為“have＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。本句中用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)?！癶ave＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)havesth.done使某事完成；遭遇某種(不幸的)事情(2)havesb.dosth.讓某人做某事(3)havesb.doingsth.允許某人做某事(常用于否定句中)；使某人一直做某事(多用于肯定句中)(4)havesth.todo有某事要做(主語(yǔ)自己做)havesth.tobedone有某事要做(不是主語(yǔ)自己做)21.with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)[教材原文]Theireyesbarelymove,andtheyalwayshavethesamedistantexpressionontheirfaces.Itisasthoughtheyareasleepwiththeireyesopen.他們的眼睛幾乎不動(dòng)，臉上表情疏遠(yuǎn)呆滯，好像睜著眼睛在睡覺(jué)。(1)Theprisonerwasledinwithhishandstied(tie)tohisback.(2)Hefellasleepwiththelightburning(burn).(3)(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之情景描寫(xiě))有這么多的衣服要洗，我無(wú)法出去了。Ican'tgooutwithalltheseclothestowash.句中的withtheireyesopen是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中常作狀語(yǔ)，表示方式或伴隨情況，也可作定語(yǔ)。(2)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：with＋名詞＋形容詞/副詞/現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/不定式/介詞短語(yǔ)XB1U4詞性轉(zhuǎn)換及短語(yǔ)精練高頻詞匯變形1．________n.交流;相互影響→_______vi.交流;相互影響_____n.姿勢(shì)(=____),手勢(shì)造成威脅_________________v.打聽(tīng),詢問(wèn)→_______n.調(diào)查;質(zhì)詢2．____vi.變化→________adj.多樣的(=________)→________n.變化;多樣化(=________)各種各樣的:____________=______________=_______3．_______(=________=_____=__)adj.合適的→__________adj.不合適的和介詞____搭配形近詞:________v/n.接/近;___,著手處理;_______4．______vi.贊成;同意vt.批準(zhǔn)→_______n.贊成;批準(zhǔn)→_________(=______=______=______)vi.不贊成_________adj近似的,大約的v.近似,接近5．___________vt.演示,說(shuō)明;證明;流露(感情)→____________n.集會(huì)示威;演示;說(shuō)明_______vt.給…加插圖;說(shuō)/闡明;表明→________n.插圖,圖案6．________vt.使用(=_______),應(yīng)用;雇用→__________n.雇主→_________n.雇工→__________n.雇傭;職業(yè);使用7．_______vt.理解;解釋(=_______)vt./vi.口譯→______________n.解釋,說(shuō)明;詮釋→___________n.口譯工作者;口譯譯員8．_______vi.相異;不同于→________adj.相異的;不同的→__________n.不同;相異___________adj.不關(guān)心的,冷淡的;中立的9．______n.支持,喜愛(ài),幫忙,恩惠v.偏袒/愛(ài);支持,更喜歡;有利于→_________adj.喜愛(ài)的;受優(yōu)惠的;有特權(quán)的→_________adj.給人好印象的;贊同的;支持的;有利的10．____n.憤怒vt.使生氣;激怒→______adj.生氣的_____v/n.饑餓;渴望→_______adj.饑餓的;渴望的anger和hunger變adj.需要去__再加__11．_________adj.可靠的(=______=_____);可信賴的→_______(=______=_____)vi.信賴;依靠→_______n.依賴/靠12．_______adj.輕微的;略微的;細(xì)小的→___________adv.略微;稍微_______n.障礙物,屏障=_______n.障礙(物),妨礙13．_______(=_______)n.評(píng)價(jià);評(píng)定→_____(=_______)vt.評(píng)估;評(píng)價(jià) 形近詞:______n.通道;機(jī)會(huì)vt.進(jìn)入;獲取→_______adj.可接近/獲取的,易懂/受影響的14．______________vt.＆vi.(使)彎曲;傾斜;偏向閱讀?？荚~匯:_______n.目擊者vt.見(jiàn)證目擊_______n/v矛盾,沖突15．_______n.教師;教育工作者;→_______n.教育→_______vt.教育→_______adj.有教養(yǎng)的;受過(guò)教育的;有學(xué)識(shí)的(=_______________)16．_______vt.占據(jù);占用→____________n.職業(yè);占據(jù)→____________adj.職業(yè)的→_________adj.已占用的;無(wú)空的17．_______n.焦慮;擔(dān)心;害怕→_______adj.焦慮的;擔(dān)心的;渴望的(___)_______vt.察覺(jué);理解;認(rèn)知→________n.感知/覺(jué)察(力);觀念,看法18．______vt.調(diào)整;_____(=_______)vi/vt.適應(yīng)；(使)習(xí)慣→____________n.適應(yīng);調(diào)整______vt.照顧;照料vi.傾向;趨于→__________n.趨勢(shì);傾向19.______vi．(對(duì)···)起反應(yīng)(__);回應(yīng);（對(duì)食物等）有不良反應(yīng)→_______n.反應(yīng);回應(yīng)________v.展示,陳列;顯露__________展覽;展出20.______v.揭示,透露;表明→______adj.透露真情的;有啟迪的;袒胸露肩的_______n.暴露;揭發(fā);顯示→_______vt.使曝光;揭露暴露于…___________21._______(=_______=_______)vt.暗示;意味→______________(=_______=_______)n.暗示;牽連;含義22.___________v.辨別(=________=________=____),區(qū)別→______________adj.卓越的;著名的(=_______=_________);受人尊敬的23.______adj.最后的(反:_____),最終的,最大的→________(=________=________,反:________)adv.最后desperateadj.______;______;________24._____adj.稀少/珍貴的;(肉)半熟的→_____adv.罕有;很少;不常_____裸露的;光禿禿的;空的(=_____);無(wú)裝飾的→_____adv.僅僅,勉強(qiáng);幾乎不25._________n.身份,個(gè)性→__________adj.相同的,一樣的→_______vt.確定;辨別→______________n.身份證明_________________與…相同26.________n.羞恥/愧;_____vt.使丟臉,使羞愧→_______adj.不道德的;可恥的→_______adj.慚/羞愧的____________太遺憾了,太可惜了27.____________adj.讓人難堪/害羞的→____________adj.尷尬的→_________vt.使尷尬;使難堪→______________n.尷尬28.________vt./vi.停止,結(jié)束________n./v死亡→_________adj.死去了的;已死的_______n./v.暫停;間歇29.________vi.干預(yù)/涉;調(diào)解;干擾,阻礙→___________n.介入,干涉,干預(yù)_________adj.足夠的;充足的=________=_______→________n.充足30.______vt.阻止,禁止→_________n.禁止prohibitsb.____…________(=________)vt.顯示;展覽→________n.merelyadv._______________詞塊翻譯1．消除；分解；打破；精神或情緒崩潰_______________2．從……到……情況不等_______________3．對(duì)……適合_______________4．相比之下_______________5．往……里面看_______________6．贊同_______________7．直起來(lái)；整理；收拾整齊_______________8．(與……)相比較_______________9．推理；推斷_______________10．通過(guò)；度過(guò)；完成_______________11．換句話說(shuō)；也就是說(shuō)_______________12．(短暫地)訪問(wèn)；要求(某人講話等)；正式邀請(qǐng)_______________13．有某種影響；在工作_______________14．坐下休息_______________15．傾向于_______________16．從事于，忙于_______________17．凝視；盯著看_______________18．調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)；適應(yīng)_______________選修一Unit5WorkingtheLand單詞回顧和詞匯拓展：一、詞匯清單知識(shí)點(diǎn)1(教材原句)Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodywasjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers,結(jié)實(shí)的身體就像他為之奉獻(xiàn)了一生的千百萬(wàn)中國(guó)農(nóng)民一樣。聯(lián)想詞①devotedadj.忠誠(chéng)的；深愛(ài)的；投入的adevotedfather一位盡職的父親知識(shí)點(diǎn)2(教材原句)Yuanwasconvincedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthec常見(jiàn)用法convincesbofsth使某人確信某事/說(shuō)服某人相信某事convincesbtodosth說(shuō)服某人做某事convincesbthat…使某人相信……我一直在設(shè)法說(shuō)服瓊跟我一起來(lái)。聯(lián)想詞①convincedadj.thing.我確信我們做的事情是正確的。②convincingadj.有說(shuō)服力的；令人信服的知識(shí)點(diǎn)3n.n.假定；設(shè)定；(責(zé)任的)承擔(dān)；(權(quán)力的)獲得(教材原句)Themonassumptionthenwasthatitcouldnotbedon常見(jiàn)用法makeanassumption作出假設(shè)假定……;人們認(rèn)為……assumingthat…=providing/supposingthat..假如……;如果……Whereunemploymenta在失業(yè)率和犯罪率高的地方，我們可以認(rèn)為后者是由前者造成的。知識(shí)點(diǎn)4(教材原句)Thishybridenabledfarmersto大大增加了作物的產(chǎn)量。Achild'svocabularyexpan孩子的詞匯量通過(guò)閱讀得到擴(kuò)大。impossibleinsidethefourwalls這項(xiàng)工作拓展了我的思維，這在教室里是不可常用搭配expandin…在……方面擴(kuò)充/膨脹expandinto….發(fā)展成/擴(kuò)展到……expandon/upon詳述；進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明expandonit?我不是很理解你的推理。你能將它詳細(xì)說(shuō)明一下嗎?知識(shí)點(diǎn)5(教材原句)Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriChinaisprisedofcropsgenerated費(fèi)的稻米有約60%來(lái)自袁隆平的雜交水稻品種Thecollectionprises327pai藏有327幅畫(huà)。常用搭配beprisedof(=beposedof=be一支足球隊(duì)由11名隊(duì)員組成。般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Themitteeconsistsoftenmembers.委員會(huì)由十名成員組成。知識(shí)點(diǎn)6(教材原句)Theshelter,whichcouldprotectupto8,000peoplefromwartimeprisedoftwolargetunnelsthatwereintendedtoonedaybeeanLondonUnderground.這個(gè)避難所可以保護(hù)多達(dá)八千人免受戰(zhàn)時(shí)炸彈襲擊，它由兩條大隧道組成，預(yù)計(jì)有一天會(huì)成為倫敦地鐵的延伸部分。聯(lián)想詞①extendedadj.延長(zhǎng)了的；擴(kuò)展了的②extendvt.延長(zhǎng)vi.延伸(距離)todevelopnaturally.如果任其自然生長(zhǎng)，主干可以長(zhǎng)到12英尺左右。現(xiàn)已有擴(kuò)大無(wú)煙區(qū)的計(jì)劃。weletoourvisitor.我確信你們會(huì)同我一起向來(lái)訪者表示非常熱烈的歡迎。知識(shí)點(diǎn)7(教材原句)Thisaffectsthecropsgrownonthelandand,inturn,theanimalsandwhodigestthem.這影響了生長(zhǎng)在土地上的作物，進(jìn)而影響了食用它們的動(dòng)物和人類。女孩依次大聲喊出了自己的名字。practice.理論來(lái)源于實(shí)踐，反過(guò)來(lái)又服務(wù)于踐。聯(lián)想拓展含有turn的其他常用表達(dá)byturns輪流地，交替地(表現(xiàn)某些特質(zhì)或情感)It'sone'sturntodosth輪到某人做某事theirsickbaby.這對(duì)年輕父母不得不輪流照顧他們生病的孩子。week.我想這周輪到我們開(kāi)車(chē)送孩子們上學(xué)了。知識(shí)點(diǎn)8n.可供選擇的事物(教材原句)Asanalternative,somefarmershaveswitchedtoorganicfarming,a轉(zhuǎn)向有機(jī)耕作，并且許多顧客在當(dāng)?shù)仉s貨店購(gòu)物時(shí)也轉(zhuǎn)為購(gòu)買(mǎi)有機(jī)食品。某事別無(wú)選擇analternativetosth某事物的替代品WehadnoalternativebuttofireGibson.無(wú)他法，只能辭退吉布森。聯(lián)想詞alternativelyadv.或者TheagencywillmaketravelaAlternatively,youcanorganizey旅行社將為你安排旅行，或者你也可以自己安排交通工具。一、詞匯變形_________v.辨別,承認(rèn),認(rèn)可→_________n.(去__加____)_______n.場(chǎng)合;時(shí)機(jī)→________adj.偶爾/然的→_________adv.偶爾,間或(=_________)_______vi./n.有吸引力;呼吁;上訴;打動(dòng)(四個(gè)意思記全)→_________adj.有吸引力的(=________=________=_______=_______);有感染力的;懇求的呼吁某人做某事：_______________________appealto的___不要背漏了！______=______v.獲得_____adj.城市的_____adj.農(nóng)村的_____(=______=______)vt.把…獻(xiàn)給;把…專用于;專心于→_______(=________=_________)n.獻(xiàn)身,奉獻(xiàn);忠誠(chéng);熱愛(ài)→_______(=________)adj.獻(xiàn)身的;忠誠(chéng)的_________n.不足;缺少;短缺→shortadj.不足的;缺少的;短缺的_________=______=________adj.極其重要的________vt.使相/確信(sb.___sth.);說(shuō)服(=________)→_________adj.令人相信的;有說(shuō)服力的(_________)→_________adj.確信的_________n.特征(=_______);品質(zhì)adj.典型的(=________);獨(dú)特的→________n.性格(=_________);特點(diǎn);漢字;角色(=____)_________n.假定(=_________);設(shè)定;(責(zé)任的)承擔(dān);(權(quán)力的)獲得→________v.以為;假定(=________);承擔(dān)(=________=______;假裝,呈現(xiàn)(=______)__________n.消耗;消耗量;消費(fèi)→_________vt.消耗;消費(fèi)→_________n.消費(fèi)者_(dá)______n.草稿,草案,征兵;穿堂風(fēng)v.起草_______vt.＆vi.擴(kuò)大;增加;詳述vt.擴(kuò)展;發(fā)展(業(yè)務(wù))→_________n.擴(kuò)展;發(fā)展_________詳細(xì)闡述某事______n.礦山v.開(kāi)采→_______n.礦物______n.現(xiàn)實(shí);實(shí)際情況;事實(shí)→______adj.真的;真實(shí)的→_______adv.真正地_______n.味道,香味v.調(diào)味________adj.可供選擇的n.選擇=_____=______別無(wú)選擇只能做某事:_____________________________只能做某事:_____________________________n.擴(kuò)建部分;擴(kuò)大;電話分機(jī)→_______v.延伸;擴(kuò)大;伸展;給予,提供(=______),發(fā)出_________adj