第03講限制性定語(yǔ)從句（寒假?gòu)?fù)習(xí)講義）內(nèi)容導(dǎo)航考點(diǎn)聚焦：歸納核心考點(diǎn)&中考/高考考點(diǎn)，有的放矢重點(diǎn)速記：重難點(diǎn)梳理，查漏補(bǔ)缺，即時(shí)鞏固復(fù)習(xí)提升：真題感知&綜合提升專練，全面突破重點(diǎn)限制性定語(yǔ)從句一、核心定義（速記）限制性定語(yǔ)從句：修飾名詞/代詞，不可省略（省略則句意不完整），無(wú)逗號(hào)分隔，翻譯為“……的”。例：ThisisthebookthatIboughtyesterday.這是我昨天買的那本書(shū)。二、引導(dǎo)詞分類及選用（重中之重）1.關(guān)系代詞（指代先行詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/定語(yǔ)）引導(dǎo)詞指代對(duì)象從句中成分關(guān)鍵考點(diǎn)（挖空）that人/物主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)用that；②先行詞被最高級(jí)/序數(shù)詞/theonly修飾時(shí)用that；③賓語(yǔ)可省略which物主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)只指物；②賓語(yǔ)可省略；③不能用于介詞后（介詞后用which，不用that）who人主語(yǔ)先行詞為人，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用who/thatwhom人賓語(yǔ)①作賓語(yǔ)（可省略）；②介詞后必須用whomwhose人/物定語(yǔ)表“……的”，后接名詞e.g.thegirlwhosehairislong關(guān)系副詞（指代時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)/原因，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)）引導(dǎo)詞指代對(duì)象從句特征（挖空）同義替換when時(shí)間從句缺時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)when=介詞+which（thedaywhenwemet=thedayonwhichwemet）where地點(diǎn)從句缺地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)用where=介詞+which（theschoolwhereIstudied=theschoolinwhichIstudied）why原因先行詞只能是reason，從句缺原因狀語(yǔ)=forwhich（thereasonwhyheleft=thereasonforwhichheleft）三、必記規(guī)則（速記+挖空）1.主謂一致：e.g.動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)由__先行詞__決定（e.g.,HeisoneofthestudentswhoaregoodatEnglish.）2.介詞提前：關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞可提前（只能用which/whom，不能用that）→介詞+which/whom3.只用that的5種情況（挖空背誦）：①先行詞為all,everything,nothing,something等不定代詞→用that；②先行詞被all,every,no,theonly,thevery修飾→用that；③先行詞被最高級(jí)/序數(shù)詞修飾→用that；④先行詞既有人又有物→用that；⑤主句以who/which開(kāi)頭→從句用that。限制性定語(yǔ)從句易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)總結(jié)一、關(guān)系詞選用混淆：關(guān)系代詞vs關(guān)系副詞這是最核心的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)，判斷關(guān)鍵在于從句是否缺主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/定語(yǔ)，還是缺狀語(yǔ)。1.易錯(cuò)表現(xiàn)誤：Thisistheplacewherewevisitedlastyear.正：Thisistheplacethat/whichwevisitedlastyear.（原因：visit是及物動(dòng)詞，從句缺賓語(yǔ)，需用關(guān)系代詞；where只能作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）2.解題技巧步驟1：找出先行詞，將先行詞代入從句。步驟2：代入后，從句完整→用關(guān)系副詞（when/where/why）；從句缺成分→用關(guān)系代詞（that/which/who/whom/whose）。例：Irememberthedaywhenwemet.（代入后：wemetontheday→完整，用when）二、只用that不用which的情況記混1.易錯(cuò)表現(xiàn)誤：Everythingwhichhesaidistrue.正：Everythingthathesaidistrue.2.核心記憶點(diǎn)（5種必用that的情況）①先行詞是all/everything/nothing/something/anything等不定代詞；②先行詞被all/every/no/theonly/thevery/thesame修飾；③先行詞被最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞修飾；④先行詞既有人又有物；⑤主句以who/which開(kāi)頭，為避免重復(fù)。三、介詞提前時(shí)的關(guān)系詞錯(cuò)誤1.易錯(cuò)表現(xiàn)誤：ThemanwiththatItalkedismyteacher.正：ThemanwithwhomItalkedismyteacher.2.核心規(guī)則介詞提前時(shí)，指人用whom，指物用which，絕對(duì)不能用that；介詞不提前時(shí)，that可替換which/whom，且可省略。例：Thebook(that/which)hetalkedaboutispopular.（介詞后置，可用that）四、whose的用法及同義替換誤區(qū)1.易錯(cuò)表現(xiàn)誤：Thehouseofwhichwindowisbrokenismine.正：Thehousewhosewindowisbrokenismine./Thehousethewindowofwhichisbrokenismine.2.核心規(guī)則whose既指人也指物，后必須接名詞，表“……的”；指物時(shí)，whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n.五、主謂一致易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)由先行詞決定，而非鄰近名詞，這是典型的“主謂一致陷阱”。1.易錯(cuò)表現(xiàn)誤：HeisoneofthestudentswhoisgoodatEnglish.正：HeisoneofthestudentswhoaregoodatEnglish.（原因：先行詞是students，復(fù)數(shù)）2.易錯(cuò)表現(xiàn)誤：HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoaregoodatEnglish.正：HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoisgoodatEnglish.（原因：先行詞被theonly修飾，核心是one，單數(shù)）六、reason后關(guān)系詞的誤用1.易錯(cuò)表現(xiàn)誤：Thereasonwhyhegaveisclear.正：Thereasonthat/whichhegaveisclear.2.核心區(qū)分reason后接why→從句完整，why作原因狀語(yǔ)（Thereasonwhyhewaslateisclear.）；reason后接that/which→從句缺賓語(yǔ)，that/which作賓語(yǔ)（可省略）。七、way后關(guān)系詞的誤用way表示“方式、方法”時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有三種正確形式，易錯(cuò)記成which。正確結(jié)構(gòu)：thewaythat…/thewayinwhich…/theway…（省略關(guān)系詞）例：Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)hespeakstohismother.一、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1：關(guān)系代詞vs關(guān)系副詞混淆（從句缺成分判斷）?精練題?單句改錯(cuò)：Thisisthemuseumwherewevisitedduringourtrip.（______）?單項(xiàng)選擇：Ican’tfindthepen______Iwrotetheletteryesterday.?A.whichB.withwhichC.whereD.that?3.填空：Thecity______welivedforfiveyearshaschangedalot.（用適當(dāng)關(guān)系詞）?答案解析：?where→that/which或去掉where?（易錯(cuò)原因：visit是及物動(dòng)詞，從句缺賓語(yǔ)，需用關(guān)系代詞；where僅作狀語(yǔ)）?B?（考點(diǎn)：writewiththepen，介詞提前+關(guān)系代詞which；易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：誤選where或that，忽略從句缺“用鋼筆”的工具狀語(yǔ)）?where/inwhich?（考點(diǎn)：liveinthecity，從句缺地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，用where或介詞+which）?二、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2：只用that不用which的情況?精練題?單句改錯(cuò)：Allwhichweneedismoretime.（______）?單項(xiàng)選擇：Thisistheverybook______I’vebeenlookingfor.?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whose?3.填空：Thefirstthing______estomindishissmile.（用適當(dāng)關(guān)系詞）?答案解析:?which→that?（易錯(cuò)原因：先行詞是all，不定代詞后必須用that）?B?（考點(diǎn)：先行詞被thevery修飾，只用that；易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：誤選which）?that?（考點(diǎn)：先行詞被序數(shù)詞thefirst修飾，只用that）?三、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3：介詞提前時(shí)的關(guān)系詞錯(cuò)誤?精練題??單句改錯(cuò)：Thegirlwiththathetalkedjustnowismyclassmate.（______）?單項(xiàng)選擇：Thehouse______weusedtoliveisnowarestaurant.?A.inthatB.whichC.inwhichD.that?3.填空：Theman______youshookhandsisournewmanager.（用“介詞+關(guān)系詞”填空）?答案解析?that→whom?（易錯(cuò)原因：介詞with后指人，需用whom，不能用that）?C（考點(diǎn)：liveinthehouse，介詞in提前+which；易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：誤選inthat，介詞后不能用that）?withwhom（考點(diǎn)：shakehandswithsb.，介詞with提前+whom）?四、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)4：whose的用法及同義替換?精練題??單句改錯(cuò)：Thebookofwhichcoverisblueismine.（______）?單項(xiàng)選擇：Doyouknowtheboy______fatherisadoctor??A.whichB.whoseC.whoD.whom?3.填空：Thebuilding______windowsfacesouthisourclassroom.（用whose或“ofwhich”結(jié)構(gòu)填空）?答案解析?1.ofwhichcover→whosecover或thecoverofwhich?（易錯(cuò)原因：whose指物時(shí)，ofwhich的正確結(jié)構(gòu)是“the+名詞+ofwhich”）?B?（考點(diǎn)：whose作定語(yǔ)修飾father，表“……的”；易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：誤選who，忽略需作定語(yǔ)）?whose/thewindowsofwhich/ofwhichthewindows?（考點(diǎn)：whose+名詞=the+名詞+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+名詞）?五、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)5：主謂一致陷阱?精練題???單句改錯(cuò)：Heisoneoftheboyswholikesplayingbasketball.（______）?單項(xiàng)選擇：Sheistheonlyoneofthestudentswho______passedtheexam.?A.hasB.haveC.isD.are?3.填空：Allthebooksthat______(be)onthedeskaremine.（用be動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式）?答案解析：?likes→like?（易錯(cuò)原因：先行詞是boys，復(fù)數(shù)，從句謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；誤把one當(dāng)先行詞）?A?of...heonlyoneof...先行詞是one，單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：誤選have，忽略theonly的限定）?3.are（考點(diǎn)：先行詞是allthebooks，復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用are）?六、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)6：reason后關(guān)系詞誤用?精練題??單句改錯(cuò)：Thereasonwhyhetolduswasnottrue.（______）?單項(xiàng)選擇：Thereason______shewaslateforschoolisthatshemissedthebus.?A.thatB.whichC.whyD.what?3.填空：Idon’tknowthereason______herefusedtheinvitation.（用適當(dāng)關(guān)系詞）?答案解析：?why→that/which或去掉why?（易錯(cuò)原因：told缺賓語(yǔ)，reason后需用關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)；why僅作狀語(yǔ)）?C?（考點(diǎn)：從句完整，reason后用why作原因狀語(yǔ)；易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：誤選that，忽略從句不缺成分）?why/forwhich?（考點(diǎn)：從句完整，表原因狀語(yǔ)，用why或forwhich）?七、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)7：way后關(guān)系詞誤用?精練題???單句改錯(cuò)：Idon’tlikethewaywhichhesolvesproblems.（______）?單項(xiàng)選擇：Theway______youspeaktoyourparentsisnotpolite.?A.thatB.whichC.howD.what?3.填空：Hetaughtmetheway______IcanimprovemyEnglish.（用適當(dāng)關(guān)系詞）?答案解析：?which→that或去掉which或在which前加in?（易錯(cuò)原因：way后定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞只能是that/inwhich/省略；不能直接用which）?A?（考點(diǎn)：way后用that引導(dǎo)；易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：誤選which或how）?that/inwhich或省略?（考點(diǎn)：way后定語(yǔ)從句的三種正確形式）?一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．（2425高一下·河北邢臺(tái)·期末）Everyone_____knewhimlikedhim.A．whom B．who C．which D．whose【答案】B【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：每個(gè)認(rèn)識(shí)他的人都喜歡他。此句中“____knewhim”是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞“Everyone(每個(gè)人)”，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以要用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)該從句。故選B。2．（2425高一下·福建泉州·期中）I’llneverforgetthedays______Ispentinthecountryside.A．when B．where C．which D．whose【答案】C【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我在農(nóng)村度過(guò)的日子?？仗幰龑?dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，代替先行詞days在從句中作spent的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which/that引導(dǎo)從句。故選C。3．（2425高一下·陜西西安·期末）Therewasatime______peopleweredividedgeographically.A．that B．where C．when D．a(chǎn)s【答案】C【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：曾經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間，人們?cè)诘乩砩鲜欠指糸_(kāi)來(lái)的。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是“atime”，表示時(shí)間，且定語(yǔ)從句“peopleweredividedgeographically”中不缺主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等成分，缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，因此應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞“when”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。故選C項(xiàng)。4．（2425高一下·廣東深圳·期末）Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphere________studentsfeelfortable.A．which B．where C．what D．when【答案】B【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：她有營(yíng)造一種能讓學(xué)生感到自在的氛圍的天賦。定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞atmosphere，在從句作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。故選B。5．（2425高一下·黑龍江大慶·期末）Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothehouse_______roofisunderrepair.A．which B．whose C．ofwhich D．ofthat【答案】B【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：當(dāng)心!不要太靠近屋頂正在修理的房子?？仗幰龑?dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是house，在從句中作定語(yǔ)，用whose引導(dǎo)。故選B項(xiàng)。二、完形填空（2425高一下·安徽宣城·期末）OnatripbackfromBoston,mytwolittleguysandIstoppedatagasstation.ItwasnotuntilIgothomethatI1mywallethadbeenleftthere.Itriedtosetasidemyfrustrationand2overthisandfocusedontakingaction.First,IhadtofindthephonenumberofthegasstationontheInternet.3,thenumberhadbeenrecentlychangedduetonewownership.SoIhadtocalltherestaurantacrossthestreet.Thehostesswarmly4mynumberandhadawaiterbringittothegasstationmanager,whothenrangmeup.Hetoldmethata5customer,whocametothestationfrequently,hadfoundmywalletand6itovertohimforsafekeeping.I7thatIwoulddrivebacktothegasstationthenextdayto8mywallet.I’dreallyappreciatethe9andthoughtfulnessofothersfromthe10whofoundmywallettotherestauranthostesstothemanager,whowasevenwillingtomailmemywalletifitwas11forme.Ateverystepoftheway,agenerousspiritwasrevealed,whichwas12inaworldwhereweoften13selffocusedthinkingandselfservingbehavior.Fromthenon,myworldwasmademore14,notjustbybeingreunitedwithmywallet,butbythepowerfulreminderofthegoodnessand15ofothers.1．A．indicated B．realized C．intended D．requested2．A．confusion B．curiosity C．a(chǎn)nxiety D．surprise3．A．Unfairly B．Uncertainly C．Unavoidably D．Unluckily4．A．tookdown B．tookin C．tookup D．tookoff5．A．typical B．regular C．casual D．mon6．A．got B．charged C．handed D．rolled7．A．responded B．protested C．forced D．a(chǎn)dvised8．A．pickout B．pickup C．eout D．eup9．A．kindness B．toughness C．uniqueness D．tiredness10．A．neighbor B．waiter C．survivor D．stranger11．A．harder B．slower C．morepossible D．moreconvenient12．A．inspiring B．shocking C．worrying D．challenging13．A．defended B．a(chǎn)nalyzed C．witnessed D．evaluated14．A．valueless B．joyful C．careless D．fearful15．A．bravery B．calmness C．generosity D．optimism【答案】1．B2．C3．D4．A5．B6．C7．A8．B9．A10．D11．D12．A13．C14．B15．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要講述作者把錢包落在加油站，通過(guò)很多陌生人的善意最終找回錢包，這也讓作者感受到了別人的善良和慷慨，變得更加快樂(lè)。1．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：直到我回到家，我才意識(shí)到我的錢包落在那里了。A.indicated表明；B.realized意識(shí)到；C.intended打算；D.requested請(qǐng)求。根據(jù)上下文“ItwasnotuntilIgothome”和“mywallethadbeenleftthere”可知，此處為“直到回家才意識(shí)到錢包忘在加油站”，realized符合邏輯。故選B。2．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我試著把我的沮喪和焦慮放在一邊，集中精力采取行動(dòng)。A.confusion困惑；B.curiosity好奇心；C.anxiety焦慮；D.surprise驚訝?？仗幒汀癴rustration”并列，屬于消極的情緒，結(jié)合上文提到把錢包忘在加油站可知，anxiety符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。3．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：不幸的是，由于新主人的關(guān)系，這個(gè)號(hào)碼最近發(fā)生了變化。A.Unfairly不公平地；B.Uncertainly不確定地；C.Unavoidably不可避免地；D.Unluckily不幸地。根據(jù)下文“thenumberhadbeenrecentlychangedduetonewownership”可知，作者嘗試聯(lián)系加油站，不幸的是，號(hào)碼發(fā)生了變化，聯(lián)系無(wú)果，故選D。4．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：女主人熱情地記下了我的電話號(hào)碼，讓服務(wù)員拿給加油站經(jīng)理，然后經(jīng)理給我打電話。A.tookdown寫(xiě)下；B.tookin吸收；C.tookup開(kāi)始從事；D.tookoff脫掉。下文“hadawaiterbringittothegasstationmanager,whothenrangmeup”提到餐館的服務(wù)員把作者的號(hào)碼給了加油站經(jīng)理，所以此處指記下作者的號(hào)碼，故選A。5．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他告訴我，一個(gè)經(jīng)常來(lái)車站的老顧客發(fā)現(xiàn)了我的錢包，并把它交給了他保管。A.typical典型的；B.regular經(jīng)常的，定期的；C.casual隨意的；D.mon普通的。根據(jù)空后“whocametothestationfrequently”可知此處指老顧客，aregularcustomer“老顧客”，故選B。6．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.got得到；B.charged充電，收費(fèi)；C.handed遞給；D.rolled滾動(dòng)。根據(jù)空后“tohimforsafekeeping”可知，那位老顧客把錢包交給經(jīng)理保管，故選C。7．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我回答說(shuō)，我第二天會(huì)開(kāi)車回加油站取我的錢包。A.responded回答，作出反應(yīng)；B.protested抗議；C.forced強(qiáng)迫；D.advised建議。根據(jù)下文“thatIwoulddrivebacktothegasstationthenextday”可知，這是作者回答經(jīng)理的話，故選A。8．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：同上。A.pickout挑選；B.pickup取回，收集；C.eout出版；D.eup發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)。上文提到加油站經(jīng)理保管著作者的錢包，故作者去加油站是要取回錢包，故選B。9．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我真的很感激其他人的善良和體貼——從發(fā)現(xiàn)我錢包的陌生人到餐館女服務(wù)員再到經(jīng)理，如果我方便的話，他甚至愿意把錢包寄給我。A.kindness善良；B.toughness艱難；C.uniqueness獨(dú)特性；D.tiredness疲憊?？仗幒汀皌houghtfulness”并列，下文“fromthe____10____whofoundmywallettotherestauranthostesstothemanager,whowasevenwillingtomailmemywallet”提到的都是幫助作者找回錢包的人，故此處指別人的善良，故選A。10．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.neighbor鄰居；B.waiter服務(wù)員；C.survivor幸存者；D.stranger陌生人。上文“fromthe____10____whofoundmywallettotherestauranthostesstothemanager”提到的餐館女服務(wù)員和加油站經(jīng)理都是陌生人，故選D。11．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.harder更困難的；B.slower更慢的；C.morepossible更有可能的；D.moreconvenient更方便的。根據(jù)上文“whowasevenwillingtomailmemywallet”可知，此處指如果作者方便，他愿意郵寄給作者，故選D。12．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在這條路上的每一步，都顯露出一種慷慨的精神，這在一個(gè)我們經(jīng)?？吹揭宰晕覟橹行牡乃季S和自私自利行為的世界里是令人鼓舞的。A.inspiring鼓舞人心的；B.shocking令人震驚的；C.worrying令人擔(dān)憂的；D.challenging有挑戰(zhàn)性的。根據(jù)上文“agenerousspiritwasrevealed”可知，慷慨的精神應(yīng)是令人備受鼓舞，故選A。13．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.defended防御；B.analyzed分析；C.witnessed目睹，見(jiàn)證；D.evaluated評(píng)估。結(jié)合上文描述作者經(jīng)歷的善意和語(yǔ)境可知，此處指我們常?！澳慷谩币宰晕覟橹行牡乃季S和自私自利行為，因此作者經(jīng)歷了善意才會(huì)感覺(jué)受到鼓舞，故選C。14．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：從那時(shí)起，我的世界變得更快樂(lè)了，不僅僅是因?yàn)槲业腻X包又回到了我的身邊，還因?yàn)槲覐?qiáng)烈地意識(shí)到別人的善良和慷慨。A.valueless沒(méi)有價(jià)值的；B.joyful快樂(lè)的，令人愉快的；C.careless粗心的；D.fearful害怕的。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境及下文“notjustbybeingreunitedwithmywallet”可知，作者經(jīng)歷一系列善意找回了錢包，應(yīng)是感到更加快樂(lè)，故選B。15．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.bravery勇敢；B.calmness冷靜；C.generosity慷慨；D.optimism樂(lè)觀?？仗幒汀癵oodness”并列屬于積極的情緒，結(jié)合上文餐館老板和加油站經(jīng)理幫助作者可知，此處指為別人考慮的慷慨之行，generosity符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。三、語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。（2425高一下·安徽宣城·期末）Whenitestooneofthemostrespectedawardsintheworld,theNobelPrizemustbeon1list.CreatedbySwedishinventorAlfredNobelin1895,theprizerecognizesachievementsinscienceandcultureandthepeoplebehindthem,2(encourage)theyounggenerationtoengagein3(science)researchandculturalcreation.EveryyearinOctober,theannouncementofwinnerscatchestheworld’sattention.AnumberofNobelPrizeshaveawardeddiscoveries4haveledtocuresfordiseasesandhealthproblems.Alotofpartsintelephones,putersandtelemunicationsystemsare5(true)thefruitsofNobelPrize—awardedwork.Otherprizeshavehonoredthedistinguishedpeople6(involve)inhelpingcreateamorepeacefulworld.Thesefamousindividuals7thecontributionstheymadeshowhowscience,literatureandpeaceeffortschangetheworld.Thinkabouttheplasticbags.Plasticwouldn’thavebeeninvented8FriedrichWilhelmOstwald’sresearch.TheGermanscientistwontheNobelPrizein1909.Recently,Chinesepeople9(pay)moreattentiontotheresultsoftheNobelPrize,followingmanyprizes’uplifting10(recognize)ofChinesescientistsandwriters,suchasTuYouyouandMoYan.【答案】1．the2．encouraging3．scientific4．that/which5．truly6．involved7．a(chǎn)nd8．without9．havepaid/havebeenpaying10．recognition【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的創(chuàng)立目的、獲獎(jiǎng)成果對(duì)世界的影響，及中國(guó)人對(duì)諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)關(guān)注度提升的情況。1．考查冠詞。句意：提到世界上最受尊敬的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)之一，諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)必定在列。此處特指“最受尊敬獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的”名單，用定冠詞the。故填the。2．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)由瑞典發(fā)明家阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾于1895年創(chuàng)立，表彰科學(xué)、文化領(lǐng)域的成就及背后的貢獻(xiàn)者，激勵(lì)年輕一代投身科研與文化創(chuàng)作。此處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，theprize與encourage為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞encouraging作狀語(yǔ)。故填encouraging。3．考查形容詞。句意：該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)由瑞典發(fā)明家阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾于1895年創(chuàng)立，表彰科學(xué)、文化領(lǐng)域的成就及背后的貢獻(xiàn)者，激勵(lì)年輕一代投身科研與文化創(chuàng)作。此處修飾名詞research，用science的形容詞形式scientific，意為“科學(xué)的”。故填scientific。4．考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：多項(xiàng)諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)表彰了那些為治愈疾病和解決健康問(wèn)題做出貢獻(xiàn)的發(fā)現(xiàn)。此處為關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為discoveries，指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞that/which。故填that/which。5．考查副詞。句意：電話、電腦和通信系統(tǒng)中的許多部件，實(shí)際上都是諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲獎(jiǎng)成果的產(chǎn)物。此處修飾整個(gè)句子，用true的副詞形式truly，意為“實(shí)際上、真正地”。故填truly。6．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：其他獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)則表彰了那些致力于創(chuàng)造更和平世界的杰出人士。此處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，thedistinguishedpeople與involve為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞involved作后置定語(yǔ)，“beinvolvedin”為固定搭配，意為“參與”。故填involved。7．考查連詞。句意：這些著名人物及其所做的貢獻(xiàn)，展現(xiàn)了科學(xué)、文學(xué)與和平事業(yè)如何改變世界。此處連接“Thesefamousindividuals”和“thecontributionstheymade”，表并列關(guān)系，用連詞and。故填and。8．考查介詞。句意：如果沒(méi)有弗里德里?！ねW斯特瓦爾德的研究，塑料可能就不會(huì)被發(fā)明出來(lái)。結(jié)合“wouldn’thavebeeninvented”為表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣可知，此處表示“沒(méi)有……（研究）”，用介詞without引出含蓄條件。故填without。9．考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：近年來(lái)，隨著屠呦呦、莫言等中國(guó)科學(xué)家和作家獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的積極認(rèn)可，中國(guó)人對(duì)諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)結(jié)果的關(guān)注度越來(lái)越高。此處為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“Recently”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從過(guò)去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為havepaid或者h(yuǎn)avebeenpaying。故填havepaid/havebeenpaying。10．考查名詞。句意：近年來(lái)，隨著屠呦呦、莫言等中國(guó)科學(xué)家和作家獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的積極認(rèn)可，中國(guó)人對(duì)諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)結(jié)果的關(guān)注度越來(lái)越高。此處作following的賓語(yǔ)，用recognize的名詞形式recognition，意為“認(rèn)可”，為不可數(shù)名詞。故填recognition。綜合提升練Cloze01一、完形填空（2223高一上·山東日照·期末）Ateachergavehisstudentsatest.Mostofthestudentsfinishedallthequestionswithoutmucheffort1theyallreadthelastonewhichwas“Whatisthefirstnameofthewomanwho2theschool?”Allofthestudentsthoughtthatthisquestionwassomekindof3.Theyhadallseenthecleaningwomanmanytimesduringeachdayatschool.Itwas4thatshewastallandold,buthowwouldtheyknowher5?Sotheyall6theirtestpaper,leavingthelastquestion7.Justbeforetheclassended,oneofthestudentsaskedifthelastquestionwouldcounttowardtheresultsofthe8.“9,”saidtheteacher.Hewentontosay,“Inyourlivesandcareers,youwill10manypeopleandtheyare11individual,sotheyeachareworthyour12andcare,evenifallyoudois13andsay‘Hello’.”O(jiān)verthefollowingdayseachofthestudents14theimportanceoffindingoutthenameofthecleanerandintroducedthemselves.Theyalllearnedthatcleaner’snamewasDorothyandtheyneverforgotthe15thateveryoneisimportant.1．A．while B．a(chǎn)fter C．since D．until2．A．guards B．manages C．supports D．cleans3．A．pity B．risk C．joke D．story4．A．natural B．clear C．possible D．unusual5．A．a(chǎn)ddress B．family C．name D．a(chǎn)ge6．A．leftbehind B．liftedup C．putaway D．handedin7．A．unanswered B．open C．out D．unprepared8．A．exercise B．experiment C．test D．match9．A．Possibly B．No C．Sure D．Never10．A．love B．help C．respect D．meet11．A．important B．unique C．intelligent D．honest12．A．consideration B．a(chǎn)ttention C．discussion D．protection13．A．look B．run C．listen D．smile14．A．remembered B．proved C．realized D．explained15．A．lesson B．opinion C．promise D．a(chǎn)rgument【答案】1．D2．D3．C4．B5．C6．D7．A8．C9．C10．D11．B12．B13．D14．C15．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位老師給學(xué)生們進(jìn)行了一次測(cè)試，其中最后一道題是關(guān)于學(xué)校清潔女工的名字，學(xué)生們都沒(méi)有回答，最后老師告訴學(xué)生們，在生活中會(huì)遇到很多人，每個(gè)人都很重要，都值得關(guān)注和關(guān)心。1．考查連接詞詞義辨析。句意：大多數(shù)學(xué)生毫不費(fèi)力地完成了所有的問(wèn)題，直到他們都讀到了最后一個(gè)問(wèn)題：“打掃學(xué)校的女人的名字是什么？”A.while當(dāng)……時(shí)候；B.after在……之后；C.since自從；D.until直到。根據(jù)前文“Mostofthestudentsfinishedallthequestionswithoutmucheffort”以及后文“Itwas4thatshewastallandold,buthowwouldtheyknowher5?”可知，學(xué)生們無(wú)法回答最后一個(gè)問(wèn)題，所以“直到”學(xué)生們讀到最后一個(gè)問(wèn)題，他們才覺(jué)得有難度。故選D項(xiàng)。2．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.guards守衛(wèi)；B.manages管理；C.supports支持；D.cleans打掃。根據(jù)后文“Theyhadallseenthecleaningwomanmanytimesduringeachdayatschool.”可知，這個(gè)女人是清潔工，負(fù)責(zé)打掃學(xué)校。故選D項(xiàng)。3．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所有的學(xué)生都認(rèn)為這個(gè)問(wèn)題是某種玩笑。A.pity遺憾；B.risk風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；C.joke玩笑；D.story故事。根據(jù)測(cè)試中的問(wèn)題“Whatisthefirstnameofthewomanwho2theschool?”和后文“Justbeforetheclassended,oneofthestudentsaskedifthelastquestionwouldcounttowardtheresultsofthe8.”可知，在考試中出現(xiàn)這樣的題目是很奇怪的，所以學(xué)生認(rèn)為老師是在開(kāi)玩笑，不會(huì)計(jì)分。故選C項(xiàng)。4．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：很明顯，她又高又老，但他們?cè)趺粗浪拿帜?？A.natural自然的；B.clear明顯的；C.possible可能的；D.unusual不同尋常的。根據(jù)后文“shewastallandold”可知，“又高又老”是學(xué)生看到的情況，所以是很明顯的。故選B項(xiàng)。5．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.address地址；B.family家庭；C.name名字；D.age年齡。根據(jù)前文“Whatisthefirstnameofthewomanwho2theschool?”可知，問(wèn)題問(wèn)的是清潔女工的名字，學(xué)生們不知道。故選C項(xiàng)。6．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：所以他們都交了試卷，最后一個(gè)問(wèn)題沒(méi)有回答。A.leftbehind留下；B.liftedup舉起；C.putaway收起來(lái)；D.handedin上交。根據(jù)后文“l(fā)eavingthelastquestion”可知，學(xué)生們交了試卷，最后一個(gè)問(wèn)題沒(méi)有回答。故選D項(xiàng)。7．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.unanswered未回答的；B.open打開(kāi)的；C.out外面的；D.unprepared無(wú)準(zhǔn)備的。根據(jù)前文“buthowwouldtheyknowher5?”和“l(fā)eavingthelastquestion”可知，學(xué)生不知道清潔女工的名字，所以最后一個(gè)問(wèn)題沒(méi)有回答。故選A項(xiàng)。8．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：就在下課鈴響之前，一個(gè)學(xué)生問(wèn)最后一個(gè)問(wèn)題是否會(huì)計(jì)入考試成績(jī)。A.exercise練習(xí)；B.experiment實(shí)驗(yàn)；C.test考試；D.match比賽。根據(jù)前文“Ateachergavehisstudentsatest.”可知，這是一個(gè)考試，所以學(xué)生問(wèn)的是這個(gè)奇怪的問(wèn)題是否會(huì)計(jì)入考試成績(jī)。故選C項(xiàng)。9．考查副詞和形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“當(dāng)然算，”老師說(shuō)。A.Possibly可能地；B.No不；C.Sure當(dāng)然；D.Never從不。根據(jù)后文老師的話“Inyourlivesandcareers,youwill10manypeopleandtheyare11individual,sotheyeachareworthyour12andcare,evenifallyoudois13andsay‘Hello’.”可知，老師解釋說(shuō)每個(gè)人都值得關(guān)注和關(guān)心，所以他并不是開(kāi)玩笑，最后這個(gè)問(wèn)題當(dāng)然要算成績(jī)。故選C項(xiàng)。10．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他接著說(shuō)：“在你們的生活和職業(yè)生涯中，你們會(huì)遇到很多人，他們每個(gè)人都是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的個(gè)體，所以他們每個(gè)人都值得你的關(guān)注和關(guān)心，即使你所做的只是微笑和說(shuō)聲‘你好’。”A.love愛(ài)；B.help幫助；C.respect尊敬；D.meet遇見(jiàn)。根據(jù)“Inyourlivesandcareers”和常識(shí)可推知，在生活和職業(yè)生涯中我們會(huì)遇到很多人，故選D項(xiàng)。11．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.important重要的；B.unique獨(dú)特的；C.intelligent聰明的；D.honest誠(chéng)實(shí)的。根據(jù)后文“individual”和常識(shí)可知，每個(gè)人都是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的個(gè)體。故選B項(xiàng)。12．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.consideration考慮；B.attention關(guān)注；C.discussion討論；D.protection保護(hù)。根據(jù)后文“andcare”和“Overthefollowingdayseachofthestudents14theimportanceoffindingoutthenameofthecleanerandintroducedthemselves.”可推知，老師是在提醒學(xué)生們每個(gè)人值得關(guān)注和關(guān)心。故選B項(xiàng)。13．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.look看；B.run跑；C.listen聽(tīng)；D.smile微笑。根據(jù)“andsay‘Hello’.”可推知，對(duì)于生活和職業(yè)生涯中遇到的人，我們要報(bào)以微笑并打招呼。故選D項(xiàng)。14．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在接下來(lái)的幾天里，每個(gè)學(xué)生都意識(shí)到了解清潔女工名字的重要性，并做了自我介紹。A.remembered記得；B.proved證明；C.realized意識(shí)到；D.explained解釋。根據(jù)后文“theimportanceoffindingoutthenameofthecleaner”可知，經(jīng)過(guò)老師的教誨，學(xué)生們意識(shí)到了解清潔女工名字的重要性。故選C項(xiàng)。15．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們都知道了清潔女工的名字是多蘿西，他們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記每個(gè)人都很重要這一教訓(xùn)。A.lesson課，教訓(xùn)；B.opinion觀點(diǎn)；C.promise承諾；D.argument爭(zhēng)論。根據(jù)前文“Overthefollowingdayseachofthestudents14theimportanceoffindingoutthenameofthecleanerandintroducedthemselves.”和“everyoneisimportant”和后文“thateveryoneisimportant”可知，學(xué)生們意識(shí)到了解清潔女工名字的重要性，認(rèn)識(shí)到每個(gè)人都很重要，這是老師的教誨，是一堂永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記的課，是一個(gè)教訓(xùn)。故選A項(xiàng)。Cloze02（2425高一下·江蘇·期末）IwassittinginachemistryclasswhenIandsixotherkidswerecalleddowntotheheadmaster’soffice.Itwasprettystrangebecausenoneofuswere“1”students.Weall2whatshewantedtosay.Thiswaswhenshetoldusshewouldbechoosing3ofustobenominated(提名)forthelargest4inCanada.IneverrealizedIwasthat5.Shesaid,sinceweallhada(n)6highaverage,shewouldtalktoourteacherstoseewhomost7it.Aweeklater,Igotanemailfromtheheadmaster.Itwas8tomeandanotherstudentatthemeeting.Iwasshocked;thismusthave9wewerethetwopeopleshewouldbechoosingfrom.Wewererequiredtowriteaboutwherewe10ourselvesintenyears.IknewIhadtomakethiscount.Ispokefromtheheart,describingmy11life:livinginthebigcity,havingfinishedmydegree,doingwhatIlovedeveryday.Aboutanotherweeklater,Igotcalledbacktoheroffice,onlyme.Ididn’twanttobeoverexcitedbecausemaybeshewasbeing12,tellingmeIwasn’tchosen.ShetoldmeIwastheonepicked.Nobodycouldhave13mysmile,whatamoment!Shetoldmeaboutallthe14thingsmyteacherssaidaboutme.IneverrealizedIwasthoughtsohighlyofbythem.Over350,000studentsgraduatefromhighschooleveryyearandIwasoneoftheonly1,500kidsnominatedforthisscholarshipacrossallofCanada.15Ididn’twininthelastround,I’dstillliketothankeveryonewhohelpedmegettowhereIamtoday.1．A．talented B．intelligent C．problem D．normal2．A．reflected B．hoped C．wondered D．ensured3．A．both B．one C．a(chǎn)ll D．none4．A．ceremony B．business C．group D．scholarship5．A．honest B．popular C．eager D．excellent6．A．similar B．different C．strong D．a(chǎn)ccurate7．A．discussed B．deserved C．a(chǎn)nnounce D．performed8．A．a(chǎn)ttached B．carried C．returned D．a(chǎn)ddressed9．A．meant B．predicted C．a(chǎn)llowed D．demanded10．A．see B．behave C．enjoy D．suit11．A．busy B．wild C．reasonable D．perfect12．A．a(chǎn)nxious B．patient C．personal D．pleased13．A．letdown B．heldback C．broughtabout D．keptup14．A．beautiful B．important C．negative D．a(chǎn)wkward15．A．So B．Though C．Since D．Unless【答案】1．C2．C3．B4．D5．D6．A7．B8．D9．A10．A11．D12．C13．B14．A15．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者被提名加拿大最大獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的過(guò)程及感受。1．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這很奇怪，因?yàn)槲覀兌疾皇恰皢?wèn)題”學(xué)生。A.talented有天賦的；B.intelligent聰明的；C.problem有問(wèn)題的；D.normal正常的。根據(jù)上文“Iandsixotherkidswerecalleddowntotheheadmaster’soffice.Itwasprettystrangebecausenoneofuswere”可知，作者他們不是“問(wèn)題”學(xué)生，所以被叫到校長(zhǎng)辦公室才覺(jué)得奇怪。故選C。2．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們都想知道她想說(shuō)什么。A.reflected反映；B.hoped希望；C.wondered想知道；D.ensured確保。根據(jù)上文“Itwasprettystrangebecausenoneofuswere“1”students”和下文“whatshewantedtosay”可知，作者他們都不是問(wèn)題學(xué)生，所以都“想知道”校長(zhǎng)找他們干什么。故選C。3．考查代詞詞義辨析。句意：就在那時(shí)，她告訴我們，她將從我們中選出一人，被提名為加拿大最大的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的候選人。A.both兩者都；B.one一個(gè)；C.all所有；D.none沒(méi)有一個(gè)。根據(jù)下文“ofustobenominated(提名)forthelargest4inCanada”、“wewerethetwopeopleshewouldbechoosingfrom”可知，校長(zhǎng)要從作者他們中選“一個(gè)”被提名為獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的候選人。故選B。4．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：就在那時(shí)，她告訴我們，她將從我們中選出一人，被提名為加拿大最大的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的候選人。A.ceremony儀式；B.business生意；C.group團(tuán)體；D.scholarship獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。根據(jù)下文“Iwasoneoftheonly1,500kidsnominatedforthisscholarshipacrossallofCanada.”可知，被提名為加拿大最大的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的候選人。故選D。5．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我從未意識(shí)到自己如此優(yōu)秀。A.honest誠(chéng)實(shí)的；B.popular受歡迎的；C.eager渴望的；D.excellent優(yōu)秀的。根據(jù)上文“shewouldbechoosing3ofustobenominated(提名)forthelargest4inCanada”可知，作者被提名獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金候選人，所以從未意識(shí)到自己如此“優(yōu)秀”。故選D。6．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她說(shuō)，既然我們都有相似的高平均分，她會(huì)和我們的老師談?wù)?，看看誰(shuí)最值得。A.similar相似的；B.different不同的；C.strong強(qiáng)壯的；D.accurate準(zhǔn)確的。根據(jù)下文“shewouldtalktoourteacherstoseewhomost7it”可知，校長(zhǎng)要和老師談?wù)効纯凑l(shuí)最值得，說(shuō)明作者他們的平均分“相似”。故選A。7．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她說(shuō)，既然我們都有相似的高平均分，她會(huì)和我們的老師談?wù)?，看看誰(shuí)最值得。A.discussed討論；B.deserved值得；C.announce宣布；D.performed表演。根據(jù)上文“shewouldbechoosing3ofustobenominated(提名)forthelargest4inCanada”可知，校長(zhǎng)要從作者他們中選一個(gè)被提名為獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的候選人，所以要看誰(shuí)最“值得”。故選B。8．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這封信是寫(xiě)給我和會(huì)議上的另一名學(xué)生的。A.attached附上；B.carried攜帶；C.returned返回；D.addressed寫(xiě)（收信人）姓名地址。根據(jù)下文“tomeandanotherstudentatthemeeting.Iwasshocked;thismusthave9wewerethetwopeopleshewouldbechoosingfrom.”可知，作者和另一名學(xué)生都收到了校長(zhǎng)的郵件，所以是寫(xiě)給他們的。故選D。9．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我很震驚；這一定意味著我們是她要從中選擇的兩個(gè)人。A.meant意味著；B.predicted預(yù)測(cè)；C.allowed允許；D.demanded要求。根據(jù)上文“Itwas8tomeandanotherstudentatthemeeting.”和下文“wewerethetwopeopleshewouldbechoosingfrom”可知，收到郵件的只有作者和另一個(gè)學(xué)生，這意味著兩人是候選。故選A。10．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們被要求寫(xiě)下十年后我們對(duì)自己的看法。A.see看待；B.behave表現(xiàn)；C.enjoy享受；D.suit適合。根據(jù)下文“l(fā)ivinginthebigcity,havingfinishedmydegree,doingwhatIlovedeveryday”可知，校長(zhǎng)讓作者他們寫(xiě)下十年后對(duì)自己的“看法”。故選A。11．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我發(fā)自內(nèi)心地講述，描述了我理想的生活：住在大城市，完成學(xué)業(yè)，每天做自己喜歡的事。A.busy忙碌的；B.wild野生的；C.reasonable合理的；D.perfect完美的。根據(jù)下文“l(fā)ivinginthebigcity,havingfinishedmydegree,doingwhatIlovedeveryday”可知，作者描述的是自己未來(lái)的“完美的”生活。故選D。12．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我不想過(guò)于興奮，因?yàn)橐苍S她只是要私下告訴我我沒(méi)有被選中。A.anxious焦慮的；B.patient耐心的；C.personal私下的；D.pleased高興的。根據(jù)下文“tellingmeIwasn’tchosen”可知，作者擔(dān)心校長(zhǎng)只是私下告訴他沒(méi)有被選中。bepersonal在此可理解為“私下的”。故選C。13．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：沒(méi)有人能抑制住我的笑容，多么美好的時(shí)刻！A.letdown使失望；B.heldback抑制；C.broughtabout引起；D.keptup保持。根據(jù)上文“ShetoldmeIwastheonepicked”和下文“whatamoment!”可知，作者被選中了，所以抑制不住笑容。故選B。14．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她告訴我老師們對(duì)我的所有好評(píng)。A.beautiful美好的；B.important重要的；C.negative消極的；D.awkward尷尬的。根據(jù)下文“thingsmyteacherssaidaboutme.IneverrealizedIwasthoughtsohighlyofbythem.”可知，作者從未意識(shí)到老師們對(duì)他的評(píng)價(jià)如此之高，所以是“美好的”評(píng)價(jià)。故選A。15．考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：雖然我在最后一輪沒(méi)有獲勝，但我仍然要感謝所有幫助我走到今天的人。A.So因此；B.Though雖然；C.Since自從；D.Unless除非。根據(jù)下文“Ididn’twininthelastround,I’dstillliketothankeveryonewhohelpedmegettowhereIamtoday”可知，雖然作者在最后一輪沒(méi)有獲勝，但仍然要感謝幫助他的人，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，用Though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。故選B。Passage01二、語(yǔ)法填空（2425高一下·廣東江門·期末）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Xuanpaper,known1oneoftheFourTreasuresoftheStudy,firstcameintoexistenceintheTangDynasty.Thetraditionalskillofmakingthepaperbyhandhas2(pass)downthroughgenerations.Theprocesstakesmorethan100steps,allof3requirehighskills.TakepapermakingmasterZhouDonghong,forexample.Hefilters(過(guò)濾)amixtureofwaterandfibers,liftsitup,andmakesasheetofpaper.Ittakeshimonly15seconds4(form)andshapeit,buthehasdevoted5(he)toperfectingtheskillfordecades.“Therearealotoftricksoffilteringthefibers,andtimingisthe6(difficult)partofall.Wehaveonlyonechancetofiltertherightamountoffibers,andonlytheproperweightensuresthepaperisneithertoothinnortoothick,andthemargin(差額)forerroris7(extreme)small”,saidZhou.Theskillofpapermaking,8(recognize)asanationaltreasure,hasalsoproventobeaninternationalone.Wefelt9greatsens