軟件體系結(jié)構(gòu)—課程總結(jié)軟件體系結(jié)構(gòu)課程組本節(jié)內(nèi)容知識點串講1體系結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計案例講解22架構(gòu)師思維3體系結(jié)構(gòu)定義軟件體系結(jié)構(gòu)定義不存在一個統(tǒng)一的定義各個流派對軟件體系結(jié)構(gòu)的定義重點關(guān)注 GarlanandShaw的定義：

體系結(jié)構(gòu)=組件+連接件+約束

SoftwareArchitecture= Components+Connectors+Constrains體系結(jié)構(gòu)風(fēng)格軟件體系結(jié)構(gòu)風(fēng)格定義軟件體系結(jié)構(gòu)風(fēng)格的描述常見的軟件體系結(jié)構(gòu)風(fēng)格數(shù)據(jù)流順序的批處理管道過濾器控制環(huán)路調(diào)用/返回主程序/子程序面向?qū)ο髮哟谓Y(jié)構(gòu)客戶端/服務(wù)器體系結(jié)構(gòu)風(fēng)格以數(shù)據(jù)為中心（數(shù)據(jù)共享）數(shù)據(jù)存儲（編譯器的演化）黑板虛擬機解釋器基于規(guī)則的系統(tǒng)其它獨立組件通信進程事件（隱式調(diào)用）其它其它風(fēng)格C2HMBDSSA基于軟件體系結(jié)構(gòu)的開發(fā)過程軟件質(zhì)量屬性軟件質(zhì)量屬性定義軟件質(zhì)量屬性與功能、非功能性需求的關(guān)系軟件質(zhì)量屬性情景定義如何描述常見的質(zhì)量屬性可用性（Availability）可修改性（Modifiability）性能（Performance）安全性（Security）可測試性（Testability）易用性（Usability）其它質(zhì)量屬性體系結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計架構(gòu)模式的應(yīng)用常見質(zhì)量屬性的設(shè)計可用性（Availability）可修改性（Modifiability）性能（Performance）安全性（Security）可測試性（Testability）易用性（Usability）體系結(jié)構(gòu)評估常見的體系結(jié)構(gòu)評估方法重點掌握ATAMATAM的過程質(zhì)量屬性評估效用樹（UtilityTree）風(fēng)險/非風(fēng)險、敏感點和權(quán)衡點的理解與應(yīng)用案例講解Acompanywantstodevelopasoftwaresystemusedinitsintranet（局域網(wǎng)）.ThefunctionofthissystemsissameasWeiboandTwitter.Eachdepartment（部門）canpublishinformationaboutthedepartmentusingthissystem,andEmployeesinthecompanycanfollow（關(guān)注）oneormoredepartmentstoreceiveinformationpublishedbythesedepartments.Whenonedepartmentpublishesapieceofnewinformation,thesystemwillsendtheinformationtoallthefollowers（關(guān)注者）ofthisdepartment.Afteroneemployeeunfollowsonedepartment,he/shewillnotreceiveinformationpublishedbythisdepartmentinfutureFollowingaresomedetailedrequirementsofthissystem.

案例講解Oneemployeecanfollowoneormoredepartments,andcanunfollowonedepartmentatanytime.Thetotalunavailabletimeofthesystemsshouldbelessthan10hoursinayear.Theaveragerecoverytimeofeachsystemfaultshouldbelessthanonehour.Thesystemcopiestheinterface（界面）ofWeibo,soit’seasytouse.Everyminorupdateofthissystemshouldbeaccomplishedby2developerwithin1days.AhardwarefirewallisusedtoseparatethesystemfromtheInternet.Oneemployeecansendprivatemessagestoanotheremployeeusingthissystem.Theloadingtimefromanemployee’slogintodisplayinghis/herhomepageshouldbelessthan0.1s.Thesystemprovidesspecialinterfacestodoautomated（自動的）testing.

案例講解Pleaseanalyzetherequirementsandcompletefollowing4questions:

a)Identifyandnametherelatedqualityattributesaccordingtothe

requirements.

b)Foreachqualityattribute,givethecorrespondingqualityattribute

scenario.

c)Foreachqualityattribute,listatleast2solutionsforarchivingthe

correspondingqualityattribute.

d)Accordingtotherequirements,whichsoftwarearchitecturestyle

isbetterforthissystem?Describethereasonandlisttheadvantages

anddisadvantagesofarchitecturestyleyouchooseforthesystem.第一步：去偽存真Oneemployeecanfollowoneormoredepartments,andcanunfollowonedepartmentatanytime.Thetotalunavailabletimeofthesystemsshouldbelessthan10hoursinayear.Theaveragerecoverytimeofeachsystemfaultshouldbelessthanonehour.Thesystemcopiestheinterface（界面）ofWeibo,soit’seasytouse.Everyminorupdateofthissystemshouldbeaccomplishedby2developerwithin1days.AhardwarefirewallisusedtoseparatethesystemfromtheInternet.Oneemployeecansendprivatemessagestoanotheremployeeusingthissystem.Theloadingtimefromanemployee’slogintodisplayinghis/herhomepageshouldbelessthan0.1s.Thesystemprovidesspecialinterfacestodoautomated（自動的）testing.第二步：歸類Thetotalunavailabletimeofthesystemsshouldbelessthan10hoursinayear.Theaveragerecoverytimeofeachsystemfaultshouldbelessthanonehour.（可用性）Thesystemcopiestheinterface（界面）ofWeibo,soit’seasytouse.（易用性）Everyminorupdateofthissystemshouldbeaccomplishedby2developerwithin1days.（可修改性）AhardwarefirewallisusedtoseparatethesystemfromtheInternet.（安全性）Theloadingtimefromanemployee’slogintodisplayinghis/herhomepageshouldbelessthan0.1s.（性能）Thesystemprovidesspecialinterfacestodoautomated（自動的）testing.（可測試性）第三步：六要素法描述質(zhì)量屬性場景Thetotalunavailabletimeofthesystemsshouldbelessthan10hoursinayear.Theaveragerecoverytimeofeachsystemfaultshouldbelessthanonehour.（可用性）Thesystemcopiestheinterface（界面）ofWeibo,soit’seasytouse.（易用性）Everyminorupdateofthissystemshouldbeaccomplishedby2developerwithin1days.（可修改性）AhardwarefirewallisusedtoseparatethesystemfromtheInternet.（安全性）Theloadingtimefromanemployee’slogintodisplayinghis/herhomepageshouldbelessthan0.1s.（性能）Thesystemprovidesspecialinterfacestodoautomated（自動的）testing.（可測試性）第三步：六要素法描述質(zhì)量屬性場景Everyminorupdateofthissystemshouldbeaccomplishedby2developerwithin1days.（可修改性）第四步：針對質(zhì)量屬性要求給出設(shè)計策略Thetotalunavailabletimeofthesystemsshouldbelessthan10hoursinayear.Theaveragerecoverytimeofeachsystemfaultshouldbelessthanonehour.（可用性）Thesystemcopiestheinterface（界面）ofWeibo,soit’seasytouse.（易用性）Everyminorupdateofthissystemshouldbeaccomplishedby2developerwithin1days.（可修改性）AhardwarefirewallisusedtoseparatethesystemfromtheInternet.（安全性）Theloadingtimefromanemployee’slogintodisplayinghis/herhomepageshouldbelessthan0.1s.（性能）Thesystemprovidesspecialinterfacestodoautomated（自動的）testing.（可測試性）可用性策略總結(jié)可修改性策略總結(jié)性能策略總結(jié)安全性策略總結(jié)可測試性策略總結(jié)易用性策略總結(jié)第四步：抓住主要矛盾，給出建議風(fēng)格Acompanywantstodevelopasoftwaresystemusedinitsintranet（局域網(wǎng)）.ThefunctionofthissystemsissameasWeiboandTwitter.Eachdepartment（部門）canpublishinformationaboutthedepartmentusingthissystem,andEmployeesinthecompanycanfollow（關(guān)注）oneormoredepartmentstoreceiveinformationpublishedbythesedepartments.Whenonedepartmentpublishesapieceofnewinformation,thesystemwillsendtheinformationtoallthefollowers（關(guān)注者）ofthisdepartment.Afteroneemployeeunfollowsonedepartment,he/shewillnotreceiveinformationpublishedbythisdepartmentinfuture

第四步：抓住主要矛盾，給出建議風(fēng)格Acompanywantstodevelopasoftwaresystemusedinitsintranet（局域網(wǎng)）.ThefunctionofthissystemsissameasWeiboandTwitter.