2025年托福邏輯口語(yǔ)真題及答案

一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（每題2分）1.Ifallmammalsarewarm-bloodedandalldogsaremammals,thenwhichofthefollowingmustbetrue?A.Allwarm-bloodedanimalsaredogs.B.Alldogsarewarm-blooded.C.Allwarm-bloodedanimalsaremammals.D.Allmammalsaredogs.答案：B2.Astudyshowsthat80%ofstudentswhostudywithflashcardsperformbetteronexamsthanthosewhodonot.Whichconclusioncanbedrawnfromthisstudy?A.Flashcardsaretheonlyfactorthataffectsexamperformance.B.Studentswhostudywithflashcardsaremoremotivated.C.Usingflashcardsimprovesexamperformance.D.Examperformanceisnotinfluencedbystudymethods.答案：C3.Ifitistruethat"allapplesarefruitsandallfruitsareedible,"whichofthefollowingstatementsisnecessarilytrue?A.Alledibleitemsareapples.B.Allfruitsareapples.C.Allapplesareedible.D.Alledibleitemsarefruits.答案：C4.Ateachernoticesthatstudentswhoattendeveryclasshavehighergradesthanthosewhomissclasses.Whatcanbeinferredfromthisobservation?A.Attendingclassguaranteeshighergrades.B.Missingclassesalwaysresultinlowergrades.C.Theremaybeotherfactorsaffectinggrades.D.Highergradesaretheonlyreasonstudentsattendclass.答案：C5.If"allscientistsareintelligent"and"Johnisascientist,"whichofthefollowingmustbetrue?A.Allintelligentpeoplearescientists.B.Johnisintelligent.C.AllscientistsareJohn.D.Intelligenceistheonlyrequirementtobeascientist.答案：B6.Asurveyindicatesthat60%ofpeopleprefercoffeeovertea.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisavalidconclusion?A.40%ofpeopledonotprefercoffee.B.Coffeeistheonlypopularbeverage.C.Peoplewhopreferteaareintheminority.D.Thesurveyincludesonlycoffeeandteadrinkers.答案：A7.If"allbirdscanfly"and"penguinsarebirds,"whichofthefollowingisnecessarilytrue?A.Allbirdsarepenguins.B.Penguinscanfly.C.Notallbirdscanfly.D.Penguinsarenotbirds.答案：C8.Acompanyfindsthat90%ofitsemployeeswhocompleteatrainingprogramreceivepromotions.Whichconclusioncanbedrawnfromthisdata?A.Completingthetrainingprogramistheonlywaytogetapromotion.B.Allemployeeswhoreceivepromotionscompletethetrainingprogram.C.Completingthetrainingprogramincreasesthechancesofgettingapromotion.D.Promotionsarenotinfluencedbytrainingprograms.答案：C9.If"allcarsarevehicles"and"somevehiclesaretrucks,"whichofthefollowingmustbetrue?A.Alltrucksarecars.B.Somecarsaretrucks.C.Allvehiclesarecars.D.Nocarisatruck.答案：B10.Aresearcherfindsthat70%ofparticipantswhoexerciseregularlyreportbettermentalhealth.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthisfinding?A.Exerciseistheonlyfactoraffectingmentalhealth.B.Mentalhealthimproveswithregularexercise.C.Allpeoplewithbettermentalhealthexerciseregularly.D.Exercisehasnoeffectonmentalhealth.答案：B二、多項(xiàng)選擇題（每題2分）1.If"allsquaresarequadrilaterals"and"allquadrilateralshavefoursides,"whichofthefollowingstatementsaretrue?A.Allsquareshavefoursides.B.Allquadrilateralsaresquares.C.Somequadrilateralsaresquares.D.Allshapeswithfoursidesaresquares.答案：A,C2.Astudyshowsthat50%ofstudentswhouseonlineresourcesscorehigheronexams.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbetrue?A.Usingonlineresourcesistheonlywaytoscorehigher.B.Somestudentswhoscorehigherdonotuseonlineresources.C.Allstudentswhouseonlineresourcesscorehigher.D.Onlineresourceshavenoimpactonexamscores.答案：B,D3.If"allteachersareeducators"and"someeducatorsareresearchers,"whichofthefollowingcanbetrue?A.Allteachersareresearchers.B.Someteachersareresearchers.C.Allresearchersareteachers.D.Someeducatorsarenotteachers.答案：B,D4.Asurveyindicatesthat40%ofpeoplepreferreadingbooks,30%preferwatchingmovies,and30%preferplayingvideogames.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbetrue?A.Somepeoplepreferbothreadingbooksandwatchingmovies.B.Nooneprefersplayingvideogamesoverreadingbooks.C.Thesurveyincludesonlythesethreeactivities.D.Themajoritypreferreadingbooksorwatchingmovies.答案：A,D5.If"allcatsareanimals"and"someanimalsaredogs,"whichofthefollowingcanbetrue?A.Alldogsarecats.B.Somecatsaredogs.C.Allanimalsarecats.D.Someanimalsarenotcats.答案：D6.Acompanyfindsthat80%ofitsemployeeswhocompleteacertificationprogramreceivesalaryincreases.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbetrue?A.Completingthecertificationprogramistheonlywaytogetasalaryincrease.B.Someemployeeswhoreceivesalaryincreasesdonotcompletethecertificationprogram.C.Allemployeeswhocompletethecertificationprogramreceivesalaryincreases.D.Salaryincreasesarenotinfluencedbycertificationprograms.答案：B,D7.If"allapplesarefruits"and"somefruitsareoranges,"whichofthefollowingcanbetrue?A.Allfruitsareapples.B.Someapplesareoranges.C.Allorangesarefruits.D.Somefruitsarenotapples.答案：C,D8.Astudyshowsthat60%ofstudentswhoattendstudygroupsperformbetteronexams.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbetrue?A.Attendingstudygroupsistheonlywaytoperformbetter.B.Somestudentswhoperformbetterdonotattendstudygroups.C.Allstudentswhoattendstudygroupsperformbetter.D.Attendingstudygroupshasnoimpactonexamperformance.答案：B,D9.If"allbirdscanfly"and"somebirdsarepenguins,"whichofthefollowingcanbetrue?A.Allpenguinscanfly.B.Somepenguinscanfly.C.Allbirdsarepenguins.D.Somebirdscannotfly.答案：D10.Asurveyindicatesthat50%ofpeopleprefercoffee,30%prefertea,and20%preferotherbeverages.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbetrue?A.Somepeoplepreferbothcoffeeandtea.B.Nooneprefersotherbeveragesovercoffee.C.Thesurveyincludesonlythesethreebeveragetypes.D.Themajorityprefercoffeeortea.答案：A,D三、判斷題（每題2分）1.Ifallmammalsarewarm-bloodedandalldogsaremammals,thenalldogsarewarm-blooded.答案：正確2.Astudyshowsthat80%ofstudentswhostudywithflashcardsperformbetteronexamsthanthosewhodonot.Therefore,flashcardsaretheonlyfactorthataffectsexamperformance.答案：錯(cuò)誤3.Ifitistruethat"allapplesarefruitsandallfruitsareedible,"thenalledibleitemsareapples.答案：錯(cuò)誤4.Ateachernoticesthatstudentswhoattendeveryclasshavehighergradesthanthosewhomissclasses.Therefore,attendingclassguaranteeshighergrades.答案：錯(cuò)誤5.If"allscientistsareintelligent"and"Johnisascientist,"thenJohnisintelligent.答案：正確6.Asurveyindicatesthat60%ofpeopleprefercoffeeovertea.Therefore,coffeeistheonlypopularbeverage.答案：錯(cuò)誤7.If"allbirdscanfly"and"penguinsarebirds,"thenpenguinscanfly.答案：錯(cuò)誤8.Acompanyfindsthat90%ofitsemployeeswhocompleteatrainingprogramreceivepromotions.Therefore,completingthetrainingprogramistheonlywaytogetapromotion.答案：錯(cuò)誤9.If"allcarsarevehicles"and"somevehiclesaretrucks,"thenalltrucksarecars.答案：錯(cuò)誤10.Aresearcherfindsthat70%ofparticipantswhoexerciseregularlyreportbettermentalhealth.Therefore,exerciseistheonlyfactoraffectingmentalhealth.答案：錯(cuò)誤四、簡(jiǎn)答題（每題5分）1.Explainwhythestatement"allmammalsarewarm-blooded"and"alldogsaremammals"doesnotimplythatalldogsarewarm-blooded.答案：Thestatement"allmammalsarewarm-blooded"meansthateverymammalhasthecharacteristicofbeingwarm-blooded.Similarly,"alldogsaremammals"meansthateverydogfallsintothecategoryofmammals.However,thisdoesnotautomaticallymeanthateverydoghasthecharacteristicofbeingwarm-bloodedbecausethestatementonlytellsusthatdogsareincludedinthebroadercategoryofmammals,notthattheyinheritallcharacteristicsofmammals.Therefore,whileitistruethatalldogsarewarm-blooded,thegivenstatementsalonedonotprovidethisconclusiondirectly.2.Describethelogicalfallacyinthestatement"If90%ofemployeeswhocompleteatrainingprogramreceivepromotions,thencompletingthetrainingprogramistheonlywaytogetapromotion."答案：Thelogicalfallacyinthisstatementistheassumptionthatcompletingthetrainingprogramistheonlywaytogetapromotion.Thisisanexampleofthefallacyoffalsecauseorposthocergopropterhoc.Thestatementimpliesthatbecause90%ofemployeeswhocompletethetrainingprogramreceivepromotions,thetrainingprogrammustbethesolereasonforthepromotions.However,thisdoesnotaccountforotherfactorsthatmightcontributetopromotions,suchasperformance,experience,orotheropportunities.3.Explainhowthestatement"allapplesarefruitsandallfruitsareedible"doesnotimplythatalledibleitemsareapples.答案：Thestatement"allapplesarefruitsandallfruitsareedible"establishesthatapplesareasubsetoffruitsandthatallfruitsareedible.However,itdoesnotimplythatalledibleitemsareapplesbecausethecategoryofedibleitemsismuchbroaderandincludesmanythingsthatarenotfruits,suchasvegetables,meats,andgrains.Therefore,whileapplesareedibleandareatypeoffruit,thegivenstatementsdonotsupporttheconclusionthatalledibleitemsareapples.4.Discussthelogicalerrorinthestatement"Ifastudyshowsthat70%ofparticipantswhoexerciseregularlyreportbettermentalhealth,thenexerciseistheonlyfactoraffectingmentalhealth."答案：Thelogicalerrorinthisstatementistheassumptionthatexerciseistheonlyfactoraffectingmentalhealth.Thisisanexampleofthefallacyoffalsecauseorovergeneralization.Thestudyindicatesacorrelationbetweenregularexerciseandbettermentalhealth,butitdoesnotestablishthatexerciseisthesolefactorinfluencingmentalhealth.Therecouldbeotherfactors,suchasdiet,sleep,stresslevels,andsocialinteractions,thatalsocontributetomentalhealth.Therefore,theconclusionthatexerciseistheonlyfactoraffectingmentalhealthisnotsupportedbythegivendata.五、討論題（每題5分）1.Discusstheimportanceofunderstandinglogicalfallaciesineverydayreasoninganddecision-making.答案：Understandinglogicalfallaciesiscrucialineverydayreasoninganddecision-makingbecauseithelpsindividualsidentifyflawedargumentsandavoidbeingmisledbythem.Logicalfallaciescanleadtoincorrectconclusionsandpoordecisionsifnotrecognized.Bybeingawareofcommonfallaciessuchasfalsecause,adhominemattacks,andhastygeneralizations,peoplecancriticallyevaluateinformationandargumentspresentedtothem.Thisskillisessentialinvariousaspectsoflife,includingpersonalrelationships,professionalsettings,andcivicengagement.Forinstance,inpersonalrelationships,recognizinglogicalfallaciescanhelpinresolvingconflictsmoreeffectively.Inprofessionalsettings,itaidsinmakinginformeddecisionsandavoidingcostlymistakes.Incivicengagement,itenablesindividualstocriticallyassesspoliticalspeechesandpolicies,leadingtomoreinformedvotingandparticipationindemocraticprocesses.2.Explainhowcorrelationandcausationarerelatedinthecontextoflogicalreasoningandprovideexamples.答案：Correlationandcausationarecloselyrelatedconceptsinlogicalreasoning,buttheyarenotthesame.Correlationreferstoastatisticalrelationshipbetweentwovariables,wherechangesinonevariableareassociatedwithchangesinanother.Causation,ontheotherhand,impliesthatonevariabledirectlyinfluencesorcauseschangesinanother.Itisimportanttodistinguishbetweenthetwobecausecorrelationdoesnotimplycausation.Forexample,theremightbeacorrelationbetweenicecreamsalesanddrowningincidents,butthisdoesnotmeanthaticecreamconsumptioncausesdrowning.Instead,athirdvariable,suchashotweather,islikelyinfluencingboth.Inlogicalreasoning,failingtorecognizethatcorrelationdoesnotequalcausationcanleadtoincorrectconclusionsandflawedarguments.Therefore,itisessentialtocriticallyevaluatewhetheracorrelationsuggestsacausalrelationshiporiftheremightbeotherunderlyingfactorsatplay.3.Discusstheroleofcriticalthinkinginevaluatingscientificstudiesandtheirconclusions.答案：Criticalthinkingplaysavitalroleinevaluatingscientificstudiesandtheirconclusions.Itinvolvesanalyzingthemethodology,data,andinterpretationsofthestudytodetermineitsvalidityandreliability.Criticalthinkinghelpsinidentifyingpotentialbiases,suchasconfirmationbiasorselectionbias,andassessingwhethertheconclusionsdrawnfromthedataarejustified.Forexample,whenevaluatingastudythatclaimsanewtreatmentiseffective,criticalthinkingrequiresexaminingthesamplesize,controlgroups,andstatisticalsignificanceoftheresults.Italsoinvolvesconsideringwhetherthestudy'sdesignandmethodologyareappropriatefortheresearchquestion.Byapplyingcriticalthinking,individualscanmakemoreinformedjudgmentsaboutthecredibilityofscientificstudiesandtheiri