高三英語培優(yōu)外刊閱讀班級：____________學(xué)號：____________姓名：____________外刊精選｜動(dòng)物世界，其實(shí)是你想象不到的平行宇宙？表現(xiàn)動(dòng)物社會、動(dòng)物家庭生活的紀(jì)錄片一直都深受歡迎。但他的最新暢銷書中，科學(xué)記者EdYong指出：這些紀(jì)錄片呈現(xiàn)的，并不是真實(shí)的動(dòng)物世界，因?yàn)槊糠N動(dòng)物都有特定感官體驗(yàn)。真實(shí)的動(dòng)物世界，和人類的想象有什么差別？嘗試?yán)斫鈩?dòng)物的世界，能給我們帶來什么啟發(fā)？HowAnimalsSeeThemselvesByEdYongNatureshowshavealwaysprizedthedramatic.Theresultisasubtleformofanthropomorphism.Animalsareworthviewingonlywhenwe’resecretlyviewingareflectionofourselves.Wecould,instead,trytoviewthemthroughtheirowneyes.In1909,thebiologistJakobvonUexküllnotedthateveryanimalexistsinitsownuniqueperceptualworld—asmorgasbordofsights,smells,soundsandtexturesthatitcansensebutthatotherspeciesmightnot.ThesestimulidefinedwhatvonUexküllcalledtheUmwelt—ananimal’sbespokesliverofreality.Iwalkmydog—Typo,acorgi—threetimesaday,passingthesamestreetsandbuildingsthatI’veseenthousandsoftimes.Oneverywalk,there’llbeatleastonemomentwhenTypogrindstoahaltandexcitedlyexploresapatchofsidewalkthatlooksnondescriptbutisclearlyburstingwithenthrallingodors.Bywatchinghim,Ifeellessinuredtomyownlife,moreawareoftheperpetuallychangingenvironmentaroundme.Suchawarenessisagift,whichTypogivestomedaily.WhenIthinkaboutotherUmwelten,Ifeelmymindflexingandthejoyofanimpossibletasknonethelessattempted.Inthesesmallactsofempathy,Iunderstandotheranimalsmoredeeply—notasfuzzy,featheredproxiesformylife,butaswondrousanduniqueentitiesoftheirown,andasthekeystograspingthetrueimmensityoftheworld.【詞匯過關(guān)】請寫出下面文單詞在文章中的中文意思。1.prize[pra?z]v.__________________________；n.__________________________2.anthropomorphism[??nθr?p??m??f?zm]n.__________________________3.perceptual[p??sept?u?l]adj.__________________________4.smorgasbord[?sm??ɡ?sb??d]n.__________________________5.texture[?tekst??]n.__________________________6.stimuli[?st?mj?la?]n.__________________________7.Umwelt__________________________8.bespoke[b??sp??k]adj.__________________________9.sliver[?sl?v?]n.__________________________10.nondescript[?n?nd?skr?pt]adj.__________________________11.enthralling[?n?θr??l??]adj.__________________________12.odor[???d?]n.__________________________13.perpetually[p??pet?u?li]adv.__________________________14.flex[fleks]v.__________________________15.fuzzy[?f?zi]adj.__________________________16.proxy[?pr?ksi]n.__________________________17.wondrous[?w?ndr?s]adj.__________________________18.entity[?ent?ti]n.__________________________19.grasp[ɡrɑ?sp]v.理解；n.__________________________20.immensity[??mens?ti]n.__________________________【詞塊學(xué)習(xí)】請從文章中找到下面中文相對應(yīng)的文詞塊。1.自然類紀(jì)錄片__________________________2.慢慢停下來__________________________3.一塊......__________________________4.使（某人）習(xí)慣于（令人不快的事物）__________________________拓展練習(xí)閱讀理解Thebrain,ratherthanoureyes,maybemoreimportantforsight,researchersstudyingfruitflies(果蠅)havediscovered.Thediscoverycouldchangethewaywethinkaboutvision.ResearchersattheUniversityofVirginiahavefoundthattheverysimpleeyesoffruitflylarvae(幼蟲),withonly24totalphotoreceptors(thehumaneyecontainsmorethan125million),providejustenoughlightorvisualinputtoallowtheanimal’slargebraintomakethatinputintoimages.Theirdiscoveryshowsthatvisionmaybelessimportantto“seeing”thanpreviouslythought—andinfactitisthebrain’sabilitytoprocesspointsoflightintocompleximagesthatiskey.“Itblowsopenhowwethinkaboutvision,”saidBarryCondron.“Thistellsusthatvisualinputmaynotbeasimportanttosightasthebrainworkingbehindit.”Condron’sgraduatestudents,ElizabethDaubert,NickMacedoniaandCatherineHamilton,conductedaseriesofexperimentstotestthevisionoffruitflylarvae.Theyfoundthatwhenalarvawastiedtothebottomofadish,otherlarvaewereattractedtoitasitattemptedtofreeitself.Afterseveralfurtherexperimentstounderstandhowtheysensedthemotion,theresearcherslearnedthatthenearlyblindanimalslikelywereseeingtheaction.“Theanswermustbeinthebrainoftheseanimals,”Condronsaid.“Theyareabletotakejustacoupledozenpointsoflightandthenprocessthoseintorecognizableimages,somethinglikewhenanastronomerwithasmalltelescopeisabletousetechniquestoimprovealimitedimageintousefulinformationaboutastar.”Condronbelievestheanimalsareabletoassembleusefulimagesbyrapidlyscanningtheirheadsand,indoingso,gatherupenoughlightpointstoallowthebraintocomposeanimageclearenoughto“see”.Theresearcherstestedthisbypresentinglarvaewithavideoofawrithing(扭動(dòng)的)larva(thereforenosoundandnosmell),andfoundthatthelarvaestillsensedandsoughtoutthestrugglinglarvaonthevideo.Thisprovidesuswithagoodmodelfortryingtounderstandtherolethatthebrainplaysinhelpingorganisms.includinghumans,toprocessimages,suchasrecognizingfaces.11.Thewritermainlywantstotellusthat__________.A.peopleshoulddependonbrainratherthaneyesforsightB.thebrainmaybemoreimportantforsightthanpeoplethoughtC.usingthefruitflylarvaetotesttheeyesisthebestwayD.somemethodscankeepoureyesightaccurateandnormal12.Condronusedtheexampleof“anastronomerwithasmalltelescope”inParagraph5toshow__________.A.howthelarvaegatherupenoughlightpointsB.whythelarvaemovedtheirheadsside-to-sideC.howwecangetusefulinformationaboutastarwithasmalltelescopeD.thebrainhelpsprocessthelightpointsintoimages13.Whyisavideousedbytheresearchers?A.Becauseithelpstounderstandthepartthebrainplays.B.Becauseitisabletoprovidecertainsoundandsmell.C.Becauseitturnsvisualinputsintoacompletepicture.D.Becauseitmakesthelarvaeseekoutthestrugglinglarva.14.Theunderlinedword“assemble”inthefifthparagraphmaymean“__________”.A.chooseproperequipment B.receiveusefulinformationC.puttogetherseparateparts D.observeenoughactions外刊精選答案【詞匯過關(guān)】請寫出下面文單詞在文章中的中文意思。1.prize[pra?z]v.重視；n.獎(jiǎng)賞2.anthropomorphism[??nθr?p??m??f?zm]n.擬人化3.perceptual[p??sept?u?l]adj.知覺的，感知的4.smorgasbord[?sm??ɡ?sb??d]n.多種；北歐式自助餐；大雜燴5.texture[?tekst??]n.質(zhì)地；質(zhì)感6.stimuli[?st?mj?la?]n.刺激物，刺激因素（stimulus的復(fù)數(shù)形式）7.Umwelt以自我為中心的世界8.bespoke[b??sp??k]adj.定做的；定制的9.sliver[?sl?v?]n.碎片，薄片10.nondescript[?n?nd?skr?pt]adj.平淡無奇的11.enthralling[?n?θr??l??]adj.非常感興趣的12.odor[???d?]n.（難聞的）氣味，臭味13.perpetually[p??pet?u?li]adv.不斷重復(fù)地，永無休止地14.flex[fleks]v.活動(dòng)（手臂、腿等）15.fuzzy[?f?zi]adj.毛茸茸的16.proxy[?pr?ksi]n.代理人；代表17.wondrous[?w?ndr?s]adj.極棒的18.entity[?ent?ti]n.實(shí)體，獨(dú)立存在體，主體19.grasp[ɡrɑ?sp]v.理解；n.把握2