熱點(diǎn)07我國(guó)首批L3級(jí)自動(dòng)駕駛車型獲準(zhǔn)上路內(nèi)容導(dǎo)航原文欣賞詞匯積累限時(shí)實(shí)戰(zhàn)熱點(diǎn)時(shí)文閱讀內(nèi)容導(dǎo)航原文欣賞詞匯積累限時(shí)實(shí)戰(zhàn)熱點(diǎn)時(shí)文閱讀—我國(guó)首批L3級(jí)自動(dòng)駕駛車型獲準(zhǔn)上路+無人出租車+自動(dòng)駕駛汽車話題詞匯速記—兩大類16個(gè)單詞+40個(gè)語塊熱點(diǎn)限時(shí)精練—閱讀理解3篇+語法填空3篇【背景速遞】12月15日，工業(yè)和信息化部正式附條件許可兩家汽車企業(yè)提交的搭載L3級(jí)有條件自動(dòng)駕駛功能的智能網(wǎng)聯(lián)汽車產(chǎn)品準(zhǔn)入申請(qǐng)，受到廣泛關(guān)注。這是我國(guó)L3級(jí)自動(dòng)駕駛從測(cè)試階段邁入商業(yè)化應(yīng)用的關(guān)鍵一步。在國(guó)際上，駕駛自動(dòng)化劃分了5個(gè)級(jí)別，從L1級(jí)到L5級(jí)，是怎樣區(qū)分的？L1級(jí)：駕駛自動(dòng)化的入門級(jí)別，車輛只能執(zhí)行一項(xiàng)簡(jiǎn)單的駕駛操作，例如定速巡航。方向盤和剎車需要駕駛者時(shí)時(shí)掌控。L2級(jí)：也被稱作L2級(jí)組合輔助駕駛，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)車輛的組合控制，如同時(shí)輔助控制轉(zhuǎn)向、加減速，但車輛仍需駕駛員實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控和控制。L3級(jí)：有條件的自動(dòng)駕駛，也就是說，車輛在特定場(chǎng)景下，可以由系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)駕駛，但當(dāng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)出介入請(qǐng)求時(shí)，需要駕駛員能夠做到及時(shí)接管車輛。L4級(jí)：高度的自動(dòng)駕駛。它是在限定的區(qū)域內(nèi)，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)無需干預(yù)的自動(dòng)駕駛。L5級(jí)：完全的自動(dòng)駕駛，車輛可以無方向盤，適應(yīng)任何環(huán)境下的自動(dòng)駕駛。值得注意的是，由于L2及以下屬于駕駛輔助，駕駛責(zé)任始終由駕駛員承擔(dān)；L3及以上正式進(jìn)入自動(dòng)駕駛范疇，駕駛責(zé)任可能在駕駛員、制造商和自動(dòng)駕駛系統(tǒng)供應(yīng)商等主體之間分配。值得注意的是，由于L2及以下屬于駕駛輔助，駕駛責(zé)任始終由駕駛員承擔(dān)；L3及以上正式進(jìn)入自動(dòng)駕駛范疇，駕駛責(zé)任可能在駕駛員、制造商和自動(dòng)駕駛系統(tǒng)供應(yīng)商等主體之間分配。工業(yè)和信息化部裝備工業(yè)發(fā)展中心主任瞿國(guó)春表示，我國(guó)始終將安全作為創(chuàng)新應(yīng)用的前提，堅(jiān)持安全為先、統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)，逐步形成覆蓋關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研發(fā)、測(cè)試驗(yàn)證評(píng)價(jià)、政策法規(guī)制度、場(chǎng)景驗(yàn)證應(yīng)用等方面的系統(tǒng)化推進(jìn)機(jī)制?！按舜伟l(fā)布的搭載L3級(jí)有條件自動(dòng)駕駛功能的智能網(wǎng)聯(lián)汽車產(chǎn)品，在企業(yè)能力、產(chǎn)品安全過程保障、產(chǎn)品測(cè)試驗(yàn)證等方面均開展了系統(tǒng)性評(píng)估，在安全為先的前提下，限定使用主體和場(chǎng)景應(yīng)用范圍，對(duì)具備量產(chǎn)條件的智能網(wǎng)聯(lián)汽車產(chǎn)品給予準(zhǔn)入許可，在推動(dòng)智能網(wǎng)聯(lián)汽車技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、逐步擴(kuò)大可應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景方面邁出了堅(jiān)實(shí)的一步?！宾膰?guó)春說?！驹男蕾p】Level3AutonomousCarsGetGreenLightinChinaOnDecember15th,China'sMinistryofIndustryandInformationTechnologyannouncedsomeexcitingnews.Twonewcarmodels,developedbyChinesecompaniesandequippedwithLevel3(L3)autonomousdrivingtechnology,havebeenapprovedforroaduse.ThisisakeystepforChina'ssmartcarindustry.Itpushesthecountryclosertotheeraofpracticalself-drivingtravel.WhatisL3autonomousdriying?Itisalsocalled"conditionalautomation".Thismeansthecarcancompletemostdrivingtasksinspecificsituations.Onhighwaysorfastcityroads,thecarcandrivebyitself.Itcanhandlesteering,acceletating,slowingdownandevenavoidingsmallobstacles.Thedriverdoesnotneedtowatchtheroadallthetime.However,heorshemuststayreadytotakeover.Forexample,ifananimalsuddenlycrossestheroad,thecarwillwarnthedriver.Thedriverthenhas10secondstotakebackcontrol.ThisapprovalisasignificantmilestoneforthecommercialuseofautonomousdrivingtechnologyinChina.Beforethis,mostsmartcarsonthemarkethadLevel2(L2)drivingassistancesystems.Thesesystemscouldonlyprovidebasichelp.Forinstance,theycanwarnthedriverifthecardriftsoutofitslaneorautomaticallybraketoavoidcollisions.Butthedriverstillneededtocontrolthecaratalltime!Now,L3carscantakefullcontrolinspecificareas.ThismeansChinahasoffciallyenteredthestageof“conditionalself-driving”commercialtrials.ItalsoshowsthatChina'ssmartcartechnologyisnowamongtheworld'sleadinglevels.ExpertssayL3technologycanmakedrivingsafer,sincemostcaraccidentsarecausedbyhumanmistakes.ButweshouldrememberthatL3isnot"fullself-driving".Thedrivermustalwaysbereadytotakecontrol!Asthetechnologyimproves,self-drivingcarsmayonedaymakeourtripsmoreconvenientandsecure,changingthewaypeopletravelinthefuture.【譯文賞析】我國(guó)首批L3級(jí)自動(dòng)駕駛車型獲準(zhǔn)上路中國(guó)三級(jí)自動(dòng)駕駛汽車獲批上路12月15日，中國(guó)工業(yè)和信息化部宣布了一則令人振奮的消息。由中國(guó)企業(yè)研發(fā)、配備三級(jí)(L3)自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)的兩款新車型已獲上路許可。這是中國(guó)智能汽車行業(yè)的關(guān)鍵一步，推動(dòng)中國(guó)向?qū)嵱米詣?dòng)駕駛出行時(shí)代更進(jìn)一步。什么是L3級(jí)自動(dòng)駕駛？它也被稱為“有條件自動(dòng)化”。這意味著汽車在特定情況下可以完成大部分駕駛?cè)蝿?wù)。在高速公路或城市快速路上，汽車可以自主行駛。它能夠操控轉(zhuǎn)向、加速、減速，甚至避開小障礙物。駕駛員無需時(shí)刻注視道路，但必須隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備接管車輛。例如，如果有動(dòng)物突然橫穿馬路，汽車會(huì)提醒駕駛員，駕駛員則需在10秒內(nèi)重新掌控車輛。此次獲批對(duì)中國(guó)自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)的商業(yè)化應(yīng)用而言是一個(gè)重要的里程碑。在此之前，市場(chǎng)上的大多數(shù)智能汽車配備的是二級(jí)（L2）駕駛輔助系統(tǒng)。這些系統(tǒng)只能提供基本幫助。比如，如果汽車偏離車道，它們可以提醒駕駛員，或者自動(dòng)剎車以避免碰撞。但駕駛員仍需時(shí)刻控制車輛！如今，L3級(jí)汽車可以在特定區(qū)域完全自主控制。這意味著中國(guó)已正式進(jìn)入“有條件自動(dòng)駕駛”商業(yè)化試點(diǎn)階段。這也表明中國(guó)的智能汽車技術(shù)現(xiàn)已處于世界領(lǐng)先水平。專家表示，L3級(jí)技術(shù)可以提高駕駛安全性，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)交通事故是由人為失誤造成的。但我們要記住，L3級(jí)并非“完全自動(dòng)駕駛”。駕駛員必須始終做好接管車輛的準(zhǔn)備！隨著技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步，自動(dòng)駕駛汽車有朝一日或許能讓我們的出行更加便捷和安全，改變?nèi)藗兾磥淼某鲂蟹绞健！菊n標(biāo)詞匯積累】1.equipv.裝備；配備●Schoolsalwaysequiplabswithadvancednewdevicesforstudentexperiments.學(xué)?？倳?huì)為實(shí)驗(yàn)室配備先進(jìn)的新設(shè)備供學(xué)生做實(shí)驗(yàn)。2.autonomousadj.自主的；自治的●Theresearchteamdevelopedanautonomousrobotthatcanworkwithoutcontrol.研究團(tuán)隊(duì)研發(fā)出一款無需控制就能自主工作的智能機(jī)器人。3.approvev.批準(zhǔn)；認(rèn)可●Thegovernmentfinallyapprovedthenewpolicytohelpsmallbusinessesdevelop.政府最終批準(zhǔn)了這項(xiàng)助力小型企業(yè)發(fā)展的新政策。4.self-drivingadj.自動(dòng)駕駛的●Self-drivingcarsaregainingmorepopularityamongyoungpeopleinbigcities.自動(dòng)駕駛汽車在大城市的年輕人中正變得越來越受歡迎。5.specificadj.具體的；特定的●Pleasegivesomespecificexamplestosupportyourinterestingideaclearly.請(qǐng)清晰地給出一些具體例子來支撐你這個(gè)有趣的觀點(diǎn)。6.handlev.處理；應(yīng)對(duì)●Thenewsoftwarehelpsworkershandlelargeamountsofdataquicklyeachday.這款新軟件幫助工作人員每天快速處理大量的數(shù)據(jù)信息。7.acceleratev.加速；促進(jìn)●Moderntechnologycangreatlyacceleratethepaceofsocialandeconomicdevelopment.現(xiàn)代科技能極大地促進(jìn)社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的整體步伐。8.obstaclen.障礙；阻礙●Lackofenoughfundsisamajorobstacleforsmallcompaniestoexpandbusiness.資金不足是小型企業(yè)拓展業(yè)務(wù)時(shí)面臨的主要阻礙。9.milestonen.里程碑；重要事件●Thebigprojectreachedakeymilestoneaftertwoyearsofhardteamwork.經(jīng)過團(tuán)隊(duì)兩年的辛勤付出，這個(gè)重大項(xiàng)目達(dá)成了關(guān)鍵里程碑。10.assistancen.幫助；協(xié)助●Wereallyneedprofessionaltechnicalassistancetofinishthetoughtaskontime.我們確實(shí)需要專業(yè)的技術(shù)協(xié)助才能按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)艱巨任務(wù)。11.automaticallyadv.自動(dòng)地；無意識(shí)地●Theglassdoorclosesautomaticallyafter10secondswhennoonepassesby.當(dāng)無人經(jīng)過時(shí)，這扇玻璃門會(huì)在10秒后自動(dòng)關(guān)閉。12.collisionn.碰撞；沖突●Thecollisionofdifferentideasoftenledtoabettersolutioninmeetings.會(huì)議中不同觀點(diǎn)的碰撞往往能催生更好的解決方案。13.trialn.試驗(yàn)；審判●Thenewdrugisundergoingimportantclinicaltrialsinseveralbighospitals.這款新藥正在幾家大型醫(yī)院里進(jìn)行重要的臨床試驗(yàn)。14.leadingadj.主要的；領(lǐng)先的●Hardworkisaleadingfactorthathelpspeopleachievetheirlifegoalsfinally.努力是幫助人們最終實(shí)現(xiàn)人生目標(biāo)的主要因素。15.secureadj.安全的；可靠的v.獲得；確?！馠efoundasecurejobinalocalgovernmentdepartmentlastyearfinally.去年，他終于在當(dāng)?shù)卣块T找到了一份穩(wěn)定的工作。●Shesuccessfullysecuredavaluablescholarshiptostudyabroadlastmonth.上個(gè)月，她成功獲得了一份寶貴的出國(guó)留學(xué)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金?！驹掝}詞匯積累】1.自動(dòng)駕駛級(jí)別與核心定義Level3AutonomousDrivingL3級(jí)自動(dòng)駕駛conditionalautomation 有條件自動(dòng)化fullself-driving 完全自動(dòng)駕駛practicalself-drivingtravel 實(shí)用自動(dòng)駕駛出行Level2drivingassistancesystemsL2級(jí)駕駛輔助系統(tǒng)2.核心技術(shù)與駕駛功能autonomousdrivingtechnology自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)handlesteering,accelerating,slowingdown處理轉(zhuǎn)向、加速、減速avoidsmallobstacles 避開小型障礙物drivebyitself 自主行駛automaticallybrake 自動(dòng)剎車warnthedriver 警示駕駛員3.監(jiān)管審批與政策相關(guān)MinistryofIndustryandInformationTechnology工業(yè)和信息化部approveforroaduse 獲準(zhǔn)上路getgreenlight 獲得批準(zhǔn)commercialuseapproval 商業(yè)使用審批commercialtrials 商業(yè)試驗(yàn)4.安全與操控相關(guān)avoidcollisions 避免碰撞warnifthecardriftsoutofitslane車輛偏離車道時(shí)發(fā)出警示takeovercontrol 接管控制權(quán)humanmistakes 人為失誤stayreadytotakeover 隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備接管safetyprotectionsystem 安全防護(hù)系統(tǒng)emergencyavoidancefunction緊急避險(xiǎn)功能safetytestandcertification 安全測(cè)試與認(rèn)證securedatatransmission 安全數(shù)據(jù)傳輸drivermonitoringsystem 駕駛員監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)riskassessmentmechanism 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估機(jī)制safedrivingboundary 安全駕駛邊界malfunctionwarningsystem故障警示系統(tǒng)5.行業(yè)發(fā)展與里程碑smartcarindustry 智能汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)keystep 關(guān)鍵步驟significantmilestone 重要里程碑world'sleadinglevels 世界領(lǐng)先水平technologyimproves 技術(shù)進(jìn)步6.輔助系統(tǒng)與基礎(chǔ)功能drivingassistancesystems 駕駛輔助系統(tǒng)basichelp 基本幫助specificsituations 特定場(chǎng)景highwaysorfastcityroads 高速公路或城市快速路（建議用時(shí)：40分鐘）題型01閱讀理解我國(guó)首批L3級(jí)自動(dòng)駕駛車型獲準(zhǔn)上路OnDecember15th,China'sMinistryofIndustryandInformationTechnologyannouncedsomeexcitingnews.Twonewcarmodels,developedbyChinesecompaniesand1(equip)withLevel3(L3)autonomousdrivingtechnology,havebeenapprovedforroaduse.ThisisakeystepforChina'ssmartcarindustry,2pushesthecountryclosertotheeraofpracticalself-drivingtravel.WhatisL3autonomousdriving?Itisalsocalled"conditionalautomation".Thismeansthecarcancompletemostdrivingtasksinspecificsituations.Onhighwaysorfastcityroads,thecarcandriveby3(it).Itcanhandlesteering,acceletating,slowingdownandevenavoidingsmallobstacles.Thedriverdoesnotneedtowatchtheroadallthetime.However,heorshemuststayreadytotakeover.Forexample,ifananimalsuddenly4(cross)theroad,thecarwillwarnthedriver.5driverthenhas10secondstotakebackcontrol.This6(aprove)isasignificantmilestoneforthecommercialuseofautonomousdrivingtechnologyinChina.Now,L3carscantakefullcontrolinspecificareas.ThismeansChinahas7(official)enteredthestageof“conditionalself-driving”commercialtrials.ItalsoshowsthatChina'ssmartcartechnologyisnow8theworld'sleadinglevels.ExpertssayweshouldrememberthatL3isnot"fullself-driving".Thedrivermustalways9(prepare)totakecontrol!Asthetechnologyimproves,self-drivingcarsmayonedaymakeourtripsmoreconvenientandsecure,10(change)thewaypeopletravelinthefuture.【答案】1.equipped2.which3.itself4.crosses5.The6.approval7.offcially8.among9.beprepared10.changing【導(dǎo)語】中國(guó)三級(jí)自動(dòng)駕駛汽車獲批上路12月15日，中國(guó)工業(yè)和信息化部宣布了一則令人振奮的消息。由中國(guó)企業(yè)研發(fā)、配備三級(jí)(L3)自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)的兩款新車型已獲上路許可。這是中國(guó)智能汽車行業(yè)的關(guān)鍵一步，推動(dòng)中國(guó)向?qū)嵱米詣?dòng)駕駛出行時(shí)代更進(jìn)一步?！窘馕觥?.考查非謂語。句意：12月15日，中國(guó)工業(yè)和信息化部宣布了一則令人振奮的消息。由中國(guó)企業(yè)研發(fā)、搭載三級(jí)（L3）自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)的兩款新車型已獲批上路。結(jié)合語境這里是兩個(gè)過去分詞短語作定語。beequippedwith表示“配備，安裝”。故填equipped。2.考查定語從句。結(jié)合語境這里應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，并充當(dāng)其主語。句意：故填which。3.考查反身代詞。句意：在高速公路或城市快速路上，汽車可以自行行駛。byitself表示“單獨(dú)，獨(dú)自”。故填itself。4.考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：例如，如果有動(dòng)物突然橫穿馬路，汽車會(huì)提醒駕駛員。本句考查主將從現(xiàn)，因此狀語從句應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替。故填crosses。5.考查冠詞。句意：例如，如果有動(dòng)物突然橫穿馬路，汽車會(huì)提醒駕駛員。駕駛員隨后有10秒鐘的時(shí)間重新掌控車輛。結(jié)合語境這里表示特指，應(yīng)用定冠詞the。故填The。6.考查名詞。句意：此次獲批對(duì)中國(guó)自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)的商業(yè)化應(yīng)用而言是一個(gè)重要的里程碑。結(jié)合語境這里需要名詞作主語。approval用作名詞表示“批準(zhǔn)”。故填approval。7.考查副詞。句意：這意味著中國(guó)已正式進(jìn)入“有條件自動(dòng)駕駛”商業(yè)試點(diǎn)階段。這里修飾動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用副詞。故填offcially。8.考查介詞。句意：這也表明中國(guó)的智能汽車技術(shù)現(xiàn)已位居世界領(lǐng)先水平。這里among表示“表示……是某個(gè)群體中的一員”。故填among。9.考查動(dòng)詞語態(tài)。句意：專家表示，我們要記住，L3級(jí)并非“完全自動(dòng)駕駛”。駕駛員必須時(shí)刻做好接管車輛的準(zhǔn)備！peparetodo表示“準(zhǔn)備做某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；而bepreparedtodo意為“準(zhǔn)備好某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。故填beprepared。10.考查非謂語。句意：自動(dòng)駕駛汽車或許有一天會(huì)讓我們的出行變得更加便捷和安全，改變?nèi)藗兾磥淼某鲂蟹绞健＝Y(jié)合語境這里現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語，表示主動(dòng)行為。故填changing。題型02閱讀理解德國(guó)交通部長(zhǎng)對(duì)自主駕駛車輛的規(guī)章制度的提議（2017·天津·高考真題）Thismonth,Germany’stransportminister,AlexanderDobrindt,proposedthefirstsetofrulesforautonomousvehicles(自主駕駛車輛).Theywoulddefinethedriver’sroleinsuchcarsandgovernhowsuchcarsperformincrasheswherelivesmightbelost.Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe“deathvalley”ofautonomousvehicles:thegreyareabetweensemi-autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriverlessfuture.Dobrindtwantsthreethings:thatacaralwayschoosesproperty(財(cái)產(chǎn))damageoverpersonalinjury;thatitneverdistinguishesbetweenhumansbasedonageorrace;andthatifahumanremoveshisorherhandsfromthedrivingwheel—tocheckemail,say—thecar’smakerisresponsibleifthereisacrash.“Thechangetotheroadtrafficlawwillpermitfullyautomaticdriving,”saysDobrindt.Itwillputfullydriverlesscarsonanequallegalfootingtohumandrivers,hesays.Whoisresponsiblefortheoperationofsuchvehiclesisnotclearamongcarmakers,consumersandlawyers.“Theliability(法律責(zé)任)issueisthebiggestoneofthemall,”saysNatashaMeratattheUniversityofLeeds,UK.AnassumptionbehindUKinsurancefordriverlesscars,introducesearlierthisyear,insiststhatahuman“bewatchfulandmonitoringtheroad”ateverymoment.Butthatisnotwhatmanypeoplehaveinmindwhenthinkingofdriverlesscars.“Whenyousay‘driverlesscars’,peopleexpectdriverlesscars.”Meratsays.“Youknow—nodriver.”Becauseoftheconfusion,Meratthinkssomecarmakerswillwaituntilvehiclescanbefullyautomatedwithoutoperation.Driverlesscarsmayendupbeingaformofpublictransportratherthanvehiclesyouown,saysRyanCaloatStanfordUniversity,California.ThatishappeningintheUKandSingapore,wheregovernment-provideddriverlessvehiclesarebeinglaunched.ThatwouldgodownpoorlyintheUS,however.“Theideathatthegovernmentwouldtakeoverdriverlesscarsandtreatthemasapublicgoodwouldgetabsolutelynowherehere,”saysCalo.1．Whatdoesthephrase“deathvalley”inParagraph2referto?A．Aplacewherecarsoftenbreakdown.B．Acasewherepassingalawisimpossible.C．Anareawherenodrivingispermitted.D．Asituationwheredrivers’roleisnotclear.2．WhatdoestheproposalputforwardbyDobrindtaimtodo?A．Tostoppeoplefrombreakingtrafficrules.B．Tohelppromotefullyautomaticdriving.C．Toprotectdriversofallagesandraces.D．Topreventseriouspropertydamage.3．Whatdoconsumersthinkoftheoperationofdriverlesscars?A．Itshouldgettheattentionofinsurancecompanies.B．Itshouldbethemainconcernoflawmakers.C．Itshouldnotcausedeadlytrafficaccidents.D．Itshouldinvolvenohumanresponsibility.4．Wheredodriverlessvehiclesinpublictransportseenobrightfuture?A．InSingapore.B．IntheUK.C．IntheUS.D．InGermany.5．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．AutonomousDriving:WhoseLiability?B．FullyAutomaticCars:ANewBreakthroughC．AutonomousVehicles:DriverRemovedD．DriverlessCars:RootofRoadAccidents【答案】1．D2．B3．D4．C5．A【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了德國(guó)交通部長(zhǎng)對(duì)于自主駕駛車輛的規(guī)章制度的一個(gè)提議，引出了位于科技前沿的無人駕駛的自動(dòng)化車輛在英國(guó)、新加坡和美國(guó)的不同前景。1．猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe“deathvalley”ofautonomousvehicles:thegreyareabetweensemi-autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriverlessfuture.注意冒號(hào)的作用，就是對(duì)死亡谷的解釋說明：deathvalley指的是制約著無人駕駛汽車未來的半自動(dòng)化和完全無人駕駛汽車之間的灰色地帶即司機(jī)的角色不明朗的狀況。A，B和C項(xiàng)內(nèi)容文中根本就沒有提到，故選D。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的句子Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe“deathvalley”ofautonomousvehicles:和第四段內(nèi)容Thechangetotheroadtrafficlawwillpermitfullyautomaticdriving,”saysDobrindt.Itwillputfullydriverlesscarsonanequallegalfootingtohumandrivers,hesays.可以判斷出這個(gè)提議被提出是為了推動(dòng)完全自動(dòng)化的駕駛。故選B。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段內(nèi)容Butthatisnotwhatmanypeoplehaveinmindwhenthinkingofdriverlesscars.“Whenyousay‘driverlesscars’,peopleexpectdriverlesscars.”Meratsays.“Youknow—nodriver.”可知消費(fèi)者認(rèn)為對(duì)于無人駕駛車輛的運(yùn)行不應(yīng)該牽涉到人的責(zé)任。故選D。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段ThatwouldgodownpoorlyintheUS,however.“Theideathatthegovernmentwouldtakeoverdriverlesscarsandtreatthemasapublicgoodwouldgetabsolutelynowherehere,”saysCalo.可知接管無人駕駛汽車并將其視為公共產(chǎn)品的想法在美國(guó)絕對(duì)行不通，即公共交通工具中無人駕駛車在美國(guó)看不到未來。故選C。5．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了德國(guó)交通部長(zhǎng)的提議是為了促進(jìn)無人駕駛車運(yùn)行，界定了汽車制造方負(fù)責(zé)，由此在第五段引出全文的主題句:Whoisresponsiblefortheoperationofsuchvehiclesisnotclearamongcarmakers,consumersandlawyers.下面就此展開陳述。所以“自動(dòng)化駕駛：誰的責(zé)任”可以概括全文，充當(dāng)本文題目，故選A。題型03閱讀理解（2026·湖南岳陽·期中）AIisadvancedenoughtotakeoverthebasicfunctionofdrivingavehicle,butdrivingneedssomuchmorethanjustpilotingacar.Humanbeingsperformavastvarietyoftasksinacar.Thefactis,humanbeingswon’tcompletelybeoutofthedriver’sseatanytimesoon.WestillhavetheedgeoverAIbecausewethinklikeotherhumanbeings.Weanticipatethatotherdriversorpedestriansmaynotalwaysfollowtherulesoftheroad,ortheymaybehaveinunpredictableways.Weknowthisnotfromadrivingmanual,butfromlifeexperience.Wesubconsciouslyrespondtosituationsinaveryhumanway.Eventually,learningalgorithms(算法)willbedevelopedtoimitatesomeofourgut(本能的)reactions,butthiswilltaketime.Sofar,there’sbeenlittleeffortonthepartofeithertheautomobileindustryorpublicsafetyofficialstobringthepublicuptospeed:Whenpeoplehearthetermautonomouscar,theyareoftenunderthemistakenbeliefthattheroleofthehumandriverhasbeenremoved,thatheorsheisnowdowngradedtotheroleofpassenger.“Thebiggestmisconceptionaboutautomationisthatthemoreautomationthereis,thelesshumancompetenceisneeded.Actually,themoreyouautomate,themoreyouneedtoeducate,where,when,how,etc.,”observesBryanReimer,aresearchscientistatMIT’sCenterforTransportationandLogistics.Hehasstudieddriverbehaviorasitrelatestoautomationandraisesaninterestingpoint:asourautomobilesassumemoreandmoreofthetasksoftheiroperation,thereisariskthathumanbeingswilllosesomeofthereal-worlddrivingexperiencesthatmakeuscompetentdrivers.Thisisfineaslongasthecarremainsincontrol.Butinaworldofsemi-autonomousvehicles,thedriversmaybecomelessequippedtohandlethecomplicatedoperationthatwouldstump(難倒)thesoftware.“Thewayweapproachdrivertrainingwilllikelyneedanupgradetoaccommodatetothenewworldofsemi-autonomouscars.Itdoesn’tlooklikewe’regoingtohavetoshutdownourdrivingschoolsanytimesoon,”BryanReimeradded.1．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdriving?A．ItsbasicfunctionisstillcomplicatedforAI.B．Itrequiresmorethanoperatingavehicle.C．Itinvolvesmanyrepetitiveandboringtasks.D．Itneedsthedriver’sfullattentiontotheroad.2．WhatdoestheauthorthinkistheadvantageofhumandriversoverAI?A．Theyprovetobemoreacceptabletothegeneralpublic.B．Theyhavemoredetailedknowledgeoftherulesoftheroad.C．Theyaremoreexperiencedindealingwithunusualsituations.D．Theyarebetterathandlingtrafficaccidentsinahumanway.3．WhatdoesBryanReimerimplyaboutautomation?A．Itplaysanimportantroleinimprovingtrafficsafety.B．Itreducestheneedfordrivers’professionalcompetence.C．Italterstherelationshipbetweendriversandpassengers.D．Itmaycausedriverstobelessabletocopewithcomplexsituations.4．Whatshouldpeopledotoadapttosemi-autonomousdriving?A．Upgradeautomationtechnologies.B．ChangetheirperceptionofAI.C．Updatedrivertrainingprograms.D．Openmoredrivingschools.【答案】1．B2．C3．D4．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要討論了人工智能在駕駛方面的應(yīng)用，以及人類駕駛員與人工智能相比的優(yōu)勢(shì)和不足，并指出人們需要更新駕駛培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃以適應(yīng)半自動(dòng)駕駛汽車的時(shí)代。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“AIisadvancedenoughtotakeoverthebasicfunctionofdrivingavehicle,butdrivingneedssomuchmorethanjustpilotingacar.Humanbeingsperformavastvarietyoftasksinacar.(人工智能已經(jīng)足夠先進(jìn)，可以接管駕駛車輛的基本功能，但駕駛不僅僅是駕駛汽車。人類在汽車中執(zhí)行各種各樣的任務(wù)。)”可知，駕駛需要的不僅僅是操作車輛。故選B。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“WestillhavetheedgeoverAIbecausewethinklikeotherhumanbeings.Weanticipatethatotherdriversorpedestriansmaynotalwaysfollowtherulesoftheroad,ortheymaybehaveinunpredictableways.Weknowthisnotfromadrivingmanual,butfromlifeexperience.Wesubconsciouslyrespondtosituationsinaveryhumanway.(我們?nèi)匀槐热斯ぶ悄苡袃?yōu)勢(shì)，因?yàn)槲覀兿衿渌艘粯铀伎肌Ｎ覀冾A(yù)料到其他司機(jī)或行人可能并不總是遵守交通規(guī)則，或者他們可能會(huì)以不可預(yù)測(cè)的方式行事。我們不是從駕駛手冊(cè)中知道這一點(diǎn)，而是從生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)中知道的。我們下意識(shí)地以一種非常人性化的方式應(yīng)對(duì)各種情況。)”可知，人類司機(jī)在處理不可預(yù)測(cè)的、不尋常情況方面更有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故選C。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Butinaworldofsemi-autonomousvehicles,thedriversmaybecomelessequippedtohandlethecomplicatedoperationthatwouldstump(難倒)thesoftware.(但在半自動(dòng)駕駛汽車的世界里，司機(jī)可能沒有足夠的能力來處理那些會(huì)讓軟件感到困惑的復(fù)雜操作。)”可知，BryanReimer暗示自動(dòng)化可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致司機(jī)在應(yīng)對(duì)復(fù)雜情況時(shí)能力下降。故選D。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Thewayweapproachdrivertrainingwilllikelyneedanupgradetoaccommodatetothenewworldofsemi-autonomouscars.(我們對(duì)待司機(jī)培訓(xùn)的方式可能需要升級(jí)，以適應(yīng)半自動(dòng)駕駛汽車的新世界。)”可知，人們需要更新駕駛培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃以適應(yīng)半自動(dòng)駕駛汽車的時(shí)代。故選C。題型04閱讀理解（2026·福建廈門·期中）Drivinghassignificantdownsides,includingpollution,traffic,andcrashes.In2023,anestimated40,990peoplediedincarcrashesintheU.S.,withmillionsmoreinjuredinnonfatalcollisions(碰撞).Thesecrashesoftenresultfromhumanerrors,suchasdrunkdrive,distraction,ormisjudgment.Despiteeffortstomitigatetheseerrorsthroughtrafficenforcementandsaferroaddesign,humanmistakesremainamajorissue.Self-drivingcars,likethosedevelopedbyWaymo,offerapromisingsolution.Waymo’srobotaxishavedriven33millionmiles,primarilyinSanFranciscoandPhoenix,andhavebeeninvolvedin62%fewerpolice-reportedcrashes,78%fewerinjury-causingcrashes,and81%fewerseverecrashescomparedtohuman-drivencars.Thesefiguresmightevenunderstatethesafetybenefits,asotherdriversareoftenpartiallyresponsibleforcollisionswithautonomousvehicles.WhileincidentsliketheCruiserobotaxiaccident,whereahumandriverhitapasser-bywhowasthendraggedbytheautonomousvehicle,raiseconcerns,humandriversalsocauseterribleaccidents.Thekeyquestioniswhetherautonomousvehiclesaresaferoverallandcanbemadeevensaferthroughcarefulmonitoringandinnovation.DatafromCaliforniashowsthatmostcrashesinvolvingWaymoandCruisevehicleswerelow-speedandoftencausedbyotherdrivers.Althoughit’stooearlytodeterminethefullimpactofself-drivingcarsonfatalcrashes,thepotentialforreducinghumanerrorissignificant.Asmoreautonomousvehicleshittheroad,thenumberofcrashescausedbyhumandriverscoulddecrease,leadingtobroadersocietalbenefits,includingreducedhealthcarecostsandfewerlegalissuesrelatedtotrafficaccidents.TheAutonomousVehicleIndustryAssociationhasproposedapolicyframeworktospeedtheadoptionofself-drivingcars,advocatingforclearfederalguidelinesandanationalsafetydatabase.Whileautonomousdrivingtechnologyisstillinitsbeginningandfaceschallengeslikenavigatingsnowandice,policymakersshouldworktoremoveregulatorybarriersandensuresafetystandardsaremet.Inconclusion,whilehumandriverswon’tdisappearsoon,self-drivingcarshavethepotentialtosignificantlyimproveroadsafetyandreducetheeconomicandsocialcostsoftrafficaccidents.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigate”inparagraph1mean?A．Ease. B．Expand. C．Explain. D．Embrace.2．WhatcanweinferfromWaymo’srobotaxidata?A．Robotaxisareunbelievablysafe. B．Theyaresaferthanhuman-drivencars.C．Theymightcausemoreseverecrashes. D．Otherdriversareunlikelytohitrobotaxis.3．Whatisonechallengementionedforself-drivingcars?A．Theycannotoperateinbigcities. B．Theyarenotacceptedbythepublic.C．Theyaretooexpensivetoproduce. D．Theymaystruggleinsnowandice.4．Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A．Self-drivingtechnologieshavebroughtaboutprofitsenvironmentally.B．Humandriverswillbereplacedbyself-drivingcarsinthenearfuture.C．Policymakersshouldfocusondevelopingself-drivingtechnologies.D．Self-drivingcarshaveapromisingfuturewithgreatbenefits.【答案】1．A2．B3．D4．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了自動(dòng)駕駛汽車的優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì)。1．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段劃線單詞句中“Thesecrashesoftenresultfromhumanerrors,suchasdrunkdrive,distraction,ormisjudgment.Despiteeffortstomitigatetheseerrorsthroughtrafficenforcementandsaferroaddesign,humanmistakesremainamajorissue.(這些事故通常是人為失誤造成的，比如酒后駕駛、注意力分散或判斷失誤。盡管努力通過交通執(zhí)法和更安全的道路設(shè)計(jì)來mitigate這些錯(cuò)誤，但人為錯(cuò)誤仍然是主要問題)”可知，通過交通執(zhí)法和更安全的道路設(shè)計(jì)是為了減輕或緩解人為錯(cuò)誤帶來的影響，“ease”有“減輕；緩解”的意思，符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Waymo’srobotaxishavedriven33millionmiles,primarilyinSanFranciscoandPhoenix,andhavebeeninvolvedin62%fewerpolice-reportedcrashes,78%fewerinjury-causingcrashes,and81%fewerseverecrashescomparedtohuman-drivencars.(Waymo的無人駕駛出租車已經(jīng)行駛了3300萬英里，主要在舊金山和鳳凰城，與人類駕駛的汽車相比，警方報(bào)告的撞車事故減少了62%，造成傷害的撞車事故減少了78%，嚴(yán)重撞車事故減少了81%)”可知，Waymo的自動(dòng)駕駛出租車與人類駕駛的汽車相比，涉及的警方報(bào)告的碰撞事故少62%，造成傷害的碰撞事故少78%，嚴(yán)重碰撞事故少81%。由此可以推斷出它們比人類駕駛的汽車更安全。故選B項(xiàng)。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Whileautonomousdrivingtechnologyisstillinitsbeginningandfaceschallengeslikenavigatingsnowandice,policymakersshouldworktoremoveregulatorybarriersandensuresafetystandardsaremet.(雖然自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)仍處于起步階段，面臨著在冰雪中導(dǎo)航等挑戰(zhàn)，但政策制定者應(yīng)該努力消除監(jiān)管障礙，確保達(dá)到安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn))”可知，自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)仍處于起步階段，面臨著像在冰雪中行駛這樣的挑戰(zhàn)。故選D項(xiàng)。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Inconclusion,whilehumandriverswon’tdisappearsoon,self-drivingcarshavethepotentialtosignificantlyimproveroadsafetyandreducetheeconomicandsocialcostsoftrafficaccidents.(總之，雖然人類駕駛員不會(huì)很快消失，但自動(dòng)駕駛汽車有可能顯著改善道路安全，降低交通事故的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)成本)”可知，雖然人類司機(jī)不會(huì)很快消失，但自動(dòng)駕駛汽車有很大潛力顯著提高道路安全，并減少交通事故的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)成本。這意味著自動(dòng)駕駛汽車有一個(gè)充滿希望的未來，有很大的好處。故選D項(xiàng)。題型05語法填空（2025·河南南陽·二模）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Self-drivingcars,alsoknownasautonomousvehicles,havebeenatopicofinterestand1(argue)forseveralyears.Theideaofvehiclesthatcanoperate2humancontrolispromising.Itcanmaketransportationefficientandconvenient.Andastechnologycontinuestoadvancerapidly,thewidespreaduseofself-drivingcarsseemsincreasinglypopularand3(avoidable).Inafutureimpactedbyclimatechangeandecosystemprotection,theroleofself-drivingcars4(become)vitalintheirenvironmentalandsocialbenefitsandthuscanincreaseenergyefficiency,easetrafficjams,andpromotesharedmobility.5(enable)thechangetoelectricandrenewable-poweredvehicles,self-drivingcarsalsohelpencouragetheefficientuseofinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施).However,somechallengesmustbeaddressed6(ensure)safety.Oneoftheprimary

7(concern)isregulation(管理),ascurrenttrafficlawsandpoliciesmaynotbeequippedtohandlevariousproblemsclosely8(relate)toautonomousvehicles.Governmentsandregulatorybodieswillneedtoestablishclearguidelinesandsafetystandards9areessentialtomanagetheoperationofself-drivingcarsonroads.Inconclusion,thefutureofself-drivingcarspresents10mixofopportunitiesandchallengesthatwillshapeoursocieties,economies,andenvironments.Weshoulddevelopthestrengthsofthistechnologywhilereducingitsrisks.【答案】1．a(chǎn)rgument2．without3．unavoidable4．willbecome5．Enabling6．toensure7．concerns8．related9．that/which10．a(chǎn)【導(dǎo)語】本文的體裁是說明文。文章講述了關(guān)于自動(dòng)駕駛汽車的影響、好處、面臨的挑戰(zhàn)以及未來展望。1．考查名詞。句意：自動(dòng)駕駛汽車，也被稱為無人駕駛汽車，多年來一直是一個(gè)備受關(guān)注和爭(zhēng)議的話題?？瞻滋幵诰渥又凶鹘樵~of的賓語，所以此處應(yīng)使用argue的名詞形式，故填argument。2．考查介詞。句意：能夠在無人控制的情況下運(yùn)行的車輛這一想法是很有前景的。根據(jù)上文“Self-drivingcars(自動(dòng)駕駛汽車)”可知此處表示“沒有”人類控制的車輛，故填without。3．考查形容詞。句意：隨著技術(shù)的快速持續(xù)發(fā)展，自動(dòng)駕駛汽車的廣泛使用似乎越來越流行且不可避免?？瞻滋幵诰渥又凶鞅碚Z使用形容詞，根據(jù)上文“thewidespreaduseofself-drivingcarsseemsincreasinglypopular(自動(dòng)駕駛汽車的廣泛使用似乎越來越流行)”可知自動(dòng)駕駛汽車的廣泛使用似乎越來越流行，可推理出空白處應(yīng)填表示“不可避免”含義的形容詞，所以此處應(yīng)使用avoidable的反義詞作表語，故填unavoidable。4．考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在受氣候變化和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)保護(hù)影響的未來，自動(dòng)駕駛汽車在環(huán)境和社會(huì)效益方面的作用將變得至關(guān)重要，從而可以提高能源效率、緩解交通堵塞并促進(jìn)共享出行。根據(jù)上文“Inafuture(在一個(gè)……的未來)”可知句子表示的是一個(gè)將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，謂語動(dòng)詞使用一般將來時(shí)，故填willbecome。5．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：自動(dòng)駕駛汽車使向電動(dòng)和可再生能源汽車的轉(zhuǎn)變成為可能，也有助于鼓勵(lì)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的有效利用?？瞻滋幵诰渥又凶鰻钫Z，因與其邏輯主語self-drivingcars之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，使用現(xiàn)在分詞。位于句首，故填Enabling。6．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：然而，為了確保安全，必須應(yīng)對(duì)一些挑戰(zhàn)?？瞻滋幵诰渥又凶鰻钫Z表示目的，使用動(dòng)詞不定式，故填toensure。7．考查名詞。句意：主要的擔(dān)憂之一是監(jiān)管，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)行的交通法規(guī)和政策可能無法處理與自動(dòng)駕駛汽車密切相關(guān)的各種問題。此處使用了“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，該表達(dá)為固定短語，含義為表示“……之一”，故填concerns。8．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：同上?？瞻滋幵诰渥又凶鞫ㄕZ，使用非謂語動(dòng)詞，因與其邏輯主語problems之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用過去分詞，故填related。9．考查定語從句。句意：政府和監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)將需要建立明確的指導(dǎo)方針和安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這對(duì)管理自動(dòng)駕駛汽車在道路上的運(yùn)行至關(guān)重要。空白處應(yīng)填入關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句并做主語，先行詞是guidelinesandsafetystandards，指事物，故填that/which。10．考查冠詞。句意：總之，自動(dòng)駕駛汽車的未來是機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)