簡潔實用高效UNIT4

ADVERSITYANDCOURAGERJ英語選擇性必修第三冊內(nèi)容索引詞匯復現(xiàn)語境串記高效課堂考點突破多維演練素養(yǎng)提升第一部分第二部分第三部分重難考點拾遺考點AB課時作業(yè)30第五部分基礎默測第四部分默寫達標基礎檢測AB詞匯復現(xiàn)語境串記第分部一用所給詞的適當形式填空，并背誦短文。HereisanepisodeofmynephewTomwholeadsathoroughlydecentandcosylifeandhashardlymetwithsomecrueladversities．However,dreamingofadventures,he1.resolvedtojoinanexpeditionadvertisedonawebsite.Unfortunately,hisapplicationwasturneddown．Beingnot2.qualifiedbutfullofvigour,perseveranceandpassion，hedidn'tgiveuphisdream.Sohejoinedthenavyandwasassignedtobeastewardwithlowwages．Onabittercoldday，hewentaboardashipboundfortheAtlanticOceanandbeganhisvoyage．ThecrewalllikedTombecausehewasgenuine，enthusiastic,good－temperedandloyalandwasn't3.selfish．Heoftenplayedthebanjoforrecreation．Butonedaytheshipgotcrushedonahugeiceberg.Theshipsankandthesailorsthrewawaytheir4.belongingsincludingstoves，blankets，bats，cupboardsandotherfurniture．Finally，theyhadtoabandontheirshipandclimbedontoanislandwheretheymadefiretodrytheirclothes.Theysurviveddependingontheir5.endurance．Later,theyweresaved.Ithasbeena6.miserableexperiencetoTom,butatthesametimeitbroughtoutTom'sbestqualitiesinthefaceofadversity.selfish；belong；endurance；resolve；miserable；qualifyresolvedqualifiedselfishbelongingsendurancemiserable高效課堂考點突破第分部二1

enthusiasticadj.熱情的；熱心的(→enthusiasmn．熱情，熱心

→enthusiasticallyadv.熱心地；滿腔熱情地)[基礎檢測]——單句語法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)…evenifyouhaven'tbeenanenthusiastic(enthusiasm)exerciser,gettinginshapenowmayhelpimproveyouragingheart.②Mooreisenthusiasticaboutthecandyshecreated,andshe'salsopositiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.③Peopletherewereveryenthusiastictotell(tell)mestoriesabouthowXuanzangstudiedinthatarea.重難考點enthusiasticabouttotell[能力提升]——微寫作④得知您對我校書法俱樂部充滿熱情，我很高興向您詳細介紹。LearningthatyouareenthusiasticabouttheCalligraphyClubinourschool,I'mdelightedtointroduceittoyouindetail.(告知信)Learningthatyouareenthusiasticabout(1)be/becomeenthusiasticabout(doing)sth.熱衷于(做)某事；對(做)某事熱心beenthusiastictodosth.熱衷于做某事(2)enthusiasmfor對……的熱愛withenthusiasm熱情洋溢；狂熱地[語料積累]

①Hissmall,ratherpiggyeyesglitterwithenthusiasm．(外貌、神態(tài)描寫)他那雙很像豬眼的小眼睛里閃爍著熱情洋溢的光芒。②Iamfullofenthusiasm,whichmakesmequalifiedforthevoluntaryworkadvertisedinthenewspaper.(申請信)我充滿熱情，這使得我能勝任報紙上所刊登的志愿者工作。2

assignvt.分派；布置；分配[→assignmentn．(分派的)工作，任務；(工作等

的)分派，布置][基礎檢測]——單句語法填空①Asisoftenthecase,theteacheroftenassignsadifferenttasktoeachofthechildreninherclass.②(譯林版選必三U4)Assigned(assign)bytheemperor，theambassadorZhangQianjourneyedfromChang'antoCentralAsia，seekingtobuildbridgesbetweentheHanDynastyandtheWesternRegions.③Aftergraduatingfromtheuniversityin2023,hewasassigned(assign)toaremoteplacetowork.toAssignedwasassigned[能力提升]——微寫作④到達公園后，學生們被分成幾個小組，并被分配不同的任務。Whenarrivingatthepark,thestudentsweredividedintoseveralgroupsandassigneddifferenttasks．(活動介紹)thestudentsweredividedintoseveralgroupsandassigneddifferenttasksassignsb.todosth.指派某人做某事assignsth.tosb.(＝assignsb.sth.)將某物分配給某人beassignedto被指派；被分配給……[語料積累]

①Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignmentsduringthecourse.(活動介紹)學生將在課程中分組完成四項作業(yè)。②Theyarevolunteeredtobeassignedtoteachinruralareasbecausetheyareeagertohelpdevelopruraleducation.(人物介紹)他們自愿被分配到農(nóng)村地區(qū)當老師，因為他們很希望幫助發(fā)展農(nóng)村地區(qū)的教育。3

abandonvt.舍棄；拋棄；放棄

n．放縱；放任(→abandonedadj.被遺棄的；放

縱的)[基礎檢測]——單句語法填空①(2022·全國乙卷)Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned(abandon)．②TheoldhouseonthecornerofMapleStreetwasabandoned(abandon)yearsagoandnowstandsinruins.③Unfortunately，thecrewabandonedcarrying(carry)outtheexperimentforlackoffund.[能力提升]——微寫作④那些女孩子跳上跳下，盡情地揮舞著手臂。Thegirlsjumpedupanddownandwavedtheirarmswithabandon．(動作描寫)abandonedwasabandonedcarryingwavedtheirarmswithabandon(1)abandon(doing)sth.放棄(做)某事abandononeselfto(＝beabandonedto)沉湎于……(2)withabandon縱情地；恣意地[語料積累]

①Itisunwiseofustoabandonourselvesto/beabandonedtothepastglory.(主旨升華)我們沉湎于過去的輝煌是不明智的。②Hebegantocryinearnest，abandoninghimselftoastormofweeping,sobbingagainsthisfoldedarms.(動作、情感描寫)他開始真的哭了起來，雙手抱在胸前，嚎啕大哭。4

guidancen．指導；引導；導航(→guidevt.指導，指引，帶領

n．引導者，導

游，指南，路標→guidedadj.有指導的；有導游的)[基礎檢測]——單句語法填空①(2024·新課標Ⅰ卷)Thegardenalsocontainsawindingpaththatguides(guide)visitorsthroughthetwelveregionsoftheSilkRoad.②Afterexploringtheoldpartoftown,thereisaguided(guide)tourofthecathedral.③(2024·浙江1月卷)Asthesuncastitsrays,thegirlnoticedhowtheshadowscreatedpatternsontheground,guiding(guide)herpath.[能力提升]——句式升級④Wewereguidedbyalocalvillager,andfinallyfoundtheancientcastle.→Guidedbyalocalvillager,wefinallyfoundtheancientcastle.(過去分詞)→Withalocalvillagerguidingus,wefinallyfoundtheancientcastle.(with復合結(jié)構(gòu))guidesguidedguidingGuidedbyalocalvillager,Withalocalvillagerguidingus,give/provideguidanceto給……指導under/withone'sguidance(＝under/withtheguidanceof…)在……的指導/指引下[語料積累]

①aguidetoItaly意大利旅游指南②travelguides旅行手冊③needcarefulguidanceonmychoiceofoptions(求助信)在我作出選擇時需要悉心指導

④Our10－pageguidewillhelpyoutochangeyourlifeforthebetter.(物品介紹)我們這本10頁的指南有助于您提高生活品質(zhì)。⑤Undertheguidanceofalocalguide,wehadnodifficultyinvisitingtheseattractions.(旅游經(jīng)歷)在當?shù)貙в蔚膸ьI下，我們毫不費力地參觀了這些景點。5

turndown拒絕；調(diào)低音量[基礎檢測]——用turn的相關(guān)短語填空①(2024·新課標Ⅰ卷)Gunterparkedthetaxibehindthebus,turnedaround,andlookedatmewithabigsmileonhisface.②Tomhadtoturndowntheinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.③(2023·新課標Ⅱ卷)Thoughsomeareinitiallyscaredoftheinsectsandturnedoffbythedirt,mostareeagertotrysomethingnew.④(2024·新課標Ⅰ卷)Whatmadeyouturntosocialmediatorecordyourvegetablegrowing?turnedaround,turndownturnedoffturnto[能力提升]——微寫作⑤事實證明，幫助別人實現(xiàn)他們的夢想讓我更快樂。Itturnsoutthathelpingothersrealizetheirdreamsgivesmemorepleasure.(主旨升華)

Itturnsoutthatturnup出現(xiàn)；到場；調(diào)高(聲音)turnon打開turnoff關(guān)上，使失去興趣turnin上交；提交；上床睡覺turnto轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于turnout結(jié)果是；證明是turnover翻轉(zhuǎn)；變換(電視頻道)turnaround轉(zhuǎn)過身[語料積累]

Hearingmywords,Davidturnedtomewithtearsspillingoutofhiseyesandexpressedhehadmadeafirmdeterminationtofinishthecross－countryrun.(心理、動作描寫)聽了我的話，大衛(wèi)轉(zhuǎn)向我，眼淚奪眶而出，說他已經(jīng)下定決心要完成越野賽跑。

6

句型公式：without引導的含蓄條件句(教材原句)WithoutFrankandErnest,we'dallbedeadbynow.如果沒有弗蘭克和歐內(nèi)斯特，我們早就都死了。[基礎檢測]——單句語法填空①Tomhadhishandsfullyesterday,otherwisehewouldhaveattended(attend)yourgraduationceremony.②Withouthiswartimeexperiences,Hemingwaywouldn'thavewritten(write)hisfamousnovelA

Farewell

to

Arms.③Theboymighthavedrownedbutforthefactthathisfatherwasstanding(stand)besidehimonthedeckatthattime.haveattendedhavewrittenwasstanding[能力提升]——微寫作④(2023·新課標卷讀后續(xù)寫)所有這些進步都歸功于我的社會研究課老師，如果沒有他的指導和幫助，我就不會獲獎。Alloftheseimprovementsareowedtomysocialstudiesteacher,withoutwhoseguidanceandassistanceIwouldnothavewontheaward．(人物介紹)

withoutwhoseguidanceandassistanceIwouldnothavewontheaward(1)在without含蓄虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果表示與過去事實相反的假設，則主句謂語動詞用would/could/might＋havedone；表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設，則用would/could/might＋do。(2)含蓄虛擬條件句還可以用butfor,otherwise,or,but等詞(詞組)來引導。(3)otherwise,or構(gòu)成的含蓄虛擬語氣模式為“真實情況＋otherwise/or＋虛擬情況”；而but構(gòu)成的含蓄虛擬語氣模式為“虛擬情況＋but＋真實情況”。[語料積累]

①Withoutyourencouragement,Icouldn'thavefacedadversitybravelywithsomuchendurance．(感謝信)沒有你的鼓勵，我不可能如此堅韌地勇敢面對困境。②Iwasbusy;otherwiseIwouldhaveattendedyourbirthdayparty.我很忙，不然的話我就去參加你的生日聚會了。拾遺考點Ⅰ.知識點補充[選詞填空]1．IthinkIamqualifiedforthisjob,becauseIhavelearnedChinesepaintingsinceIwassevenyearsold.2．Manyoftheelectronicdevicesweuseeveryday，likeourphonesandcomputerscreens,giveoffbluelight.3．Thoughstuckinthetrafficjam,hewasstillinhighspiritsatthethoughtofthecomingholiday.4．Inthefaceofallthesedifficulties,weshouldnotbediscouragedbutkeepourspiritsup．5．IamboredwithwatchingTValldayandeagertofindsomethingmoremeaningfultodo.amqualifiedforgiveoffstuckinkeepourspiritsupamboredwith1．bequalifiedfor…

勝任；有……的資格2．keepone'sspiritsup保持某人高昂的情緒3．giveoff放出(熱、光、氣味或氣體)4.be/becomestuckin困住；陷于5．makefire生火6．cheersb.up使某人振作起來7．beboredwith對……感到厭倦Ⅱ.構(gòu)詞法規(guī)則構(gòu)詞法規(guī)則——否定詞綴否定詞綴有多種形式。例如本單元中的單詞：unfortunately(adv.不幸地；遺憾地)是由副詞fortunately(幸運地)＋前綴un-轉(zhuǎn)化而來。否定詞綴的常用規(guī)律如下：[語境猜詞]1．Thechairwassouncomfortablethatshecouldn'tsitforlongwithoutshiftingaround.adj.使人不舒服的2．Shequicklyunlockedthedoorwithherkeyandenteredthehouse.v.打開；開鎖3．Asthestorybegantounfold,themysterybehindthedisappearancebecameclearer.v.展開4．Ithinkyoumisunderstandmyintentions;I'monlytryingtohelp,notcriticize.v.誤解5．Shemisreadthedirectionsandendedupgettinglostonherwaytotheevent.v.看錯

adj.使人不舒服的v.打開；開鎖v.展開v.誤解v.看錯多維演練素養(yǎng)提升第分部三板塊一夯實根基·提升能力維度一閱讀理解——一詞多義/語境猜詞Ⅰ.一詞多義1．sink(1)(2023·浙江1月卷)The

sun

was

beginning

to

sinkasIsetoffintotheHarennaForest.D(2)IthinkI'vejustsunkmychancesofgettingthejob.B(3)MyheartsankbecauseIthoughtIhadfailedintheinterviewthismorning.A(4)Shehasalreadysunk$100millionintotheproject.C(5)Don'tjustleaveyourdirtyplatesinthesinkafterthemeal！EA.v.(心情)沮喪；(情緒)低落B．v.使失??；使受挫；阻撓C．v.投入(資金)

D．v.下沉；下陷；沉降E.n.洗滌池，洗碗槽DBACE2．rough(1)Hishandswereroughandcalloused,fromyearsofkaratepractice.A(2)Itwasaroughmountainroad,fullofstonesandhugeholes.C(3)Shemadearoughestimate/calculationofthelikelycost.E(4)Theotherboyswererough,alwayslookingforafight.D(5)He'shadaroughtime,whatwiththedivorceandthenhisfatherdying.BA.adj.粗糙不平的，不光滑的B．a(chǎn)dj.艱難的；艱苦的；令人不快的C．a(chǎn)dj.崎嶇的；難行的D．a(chǎn)dj.粗暴的，粗野的E．a(chǎn)dj.粗略的；大致的；近似的ACEDBⅡ.語境猜詞1．(1)(2022·全國乙卷)Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.n.厚層，厚的覆蓋層(2)Withathickmistnowblanketingthetrees,Igotthoroughlylost.v.覆蓋；遮蓋[點撥]blanket(熟義)n．毛毯，毯子。此處(1)意為“厚層，厚的覆蓋層”，(2)用作動詞，意為“覆蓋；遮蓋”。

n.厚層，厚的覆蓋層v.覆蓋；遮蓋2．Thebridgewasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.adj.機動車的[點撥]motor(熟義)n.發(fā)動機；馬達。此處用作形容詞，意為“機動車的”。3．Iwouldn'tadvertisethefactthatyoudon'thaveaworkpermit.v.展現(xiàn)，宣傳[點撥]advertise(熟義)v．做廣告。此處意為“展現(xiàn)，宣傳”。adj.機動車的v.展現(xiàn)，宣傳維度二語法填空——詞形轉(zhuǎn)換/固定搭配/單元語法(復習現(xiàn)在完成進行時)1．Dirtystreetsandhomelessnessarenoadvertisement(advertise)foraprosperoussociety.2．Wehaveresolvedtoreduce(reduce)ourcarbonfootprintbyrestrictingtheamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.3．Iwanttochallengeeachofyoutomakeacommitment(commit)tohelponepersonoroneorganization.4．Hersisterhasbeengivenagoldwatchandsheisgreenwithenvy.5．LuXunwasloyaltothepeople,bendinghisbacktothetaskuntilhisdyingday.6．Hewassurprisedtofindhisroomthoroughly(thorough)cleanedandeverythingarrangedinperfectorder.

advertisementtoreducecommitmentwithtothoroughly7．Everytypeofboatwaspressedintoservicetorescuepassengersfromthesinking(sink)ferry.8．Aloneinastrangecity，withoutfriendsandmoney,hefellindespair.9．Despitefacingnumerouschallenges,sheshowedgreatperseverance(persevere)andnevergaveuponherdreams.10．Obviously,hiscompanyhasbeengrowing(grow)steadilysincethebeginningofthisyear.sinkinginperseverancehasbeengrowing維度三單句表達——翻譯句子/句式升級1．我要是你，就會去另找工作了。(if虛擬條件句)IfIwereyou,Iwouldstartlookingforanotherjob．(建議信)2．在我看來，這本書沒有你認為的那么有趣。(as…as…)AsfarasIamconcerned,thebookisnotasinterestingasyouthink．3．只要你采納我的建議，你一定會在北京擁有最難忘的經(jīng)歷。(aslongas)Aslongasyoutakemyadvice，youareboundtohavethemostunforgettableexperienceinBeijing.(建議信)IfIwereyou,IwouldstartlookingforanotherjobAsfarasIamconcerned,thebookisnotasinterestingasyouthinkAslongasyoutakemyadvice4．自從她畢業(yè)以來，她一直致力于幫助貧困山區(qū)的孩子得到平等的教育。(現(xiàn)在完成進行時)Sincehergraduation,shehasbeendevotingherselftohelpingchildreninpoormountainousareasgetequaleducation.5．Ioweittoyourhelp.Icouldn'thaveobtainedtheopportunitytoshowmytalent.(感謝信)→Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn'thaveobtainedtheopportunitytoshowmytalent．(用without含蓄條件句升級合并)hasbeendevotingherselftohelpingWithoutyourhelp,Icouldn'thaveobtainedtheopportunitytoshowmytalent板塊二主題引領·情境寫作維度一基礎寫作——補全佳作并背誦用本單元所學詞匯、句式完成下面的應用文寫作再背誦。英語周報開辦了“人物周刊”欄目，請你寫一篇文章投稿，簡要介紹英國極地探險家——歐內(nèi)斯特·沙克爾頓(ErnestShackleton)。內(nèi)容包括：1．經(jīng)歷的介紹(他是一位卓越的英國極地探險家，曾帶領英國探險隊三次前往南極洲，是南極探險英雄時代的主要人物之一。他與“堅忍號”的船員們在極地700多天的求生經(jīng)歷創(chuàng)造了20世紀一次偉大的生還奇跡。)；2．對你的啟發(fā)。ErnestShackletonwasagreatpolarexplorerwhohad1.beenenthusiasticaboutpolarexploration(一直對極地探險充滿熱情)andledthreeBritishexpeditionstotheAntarcticthroughouthislife.2．Belowaresomeofhisexpeditionexperiencesandachievements(以下是他的一些探險經(jīng)歷和成就)．HewasoneoftheleadingfiguresduringtheHeroicAgeofAntarcticExploration.HisthirdexpeditiontotheAntarcticwas3.asextraordinaryasagreatmiracle(就像一個非凡的奇跡；as…as…)．Facedwithtoughpolarconditions，hedidn'tabandonhisteamandfirmlyresolvedtoleadthemtogooutofdifficulty.4.Iftherehadn'tbeenhiswiseleadership(如果沒有他的英明領導；if虛擬條件句)，heandhisteamwouldn'thavesurvivedaftermorethan700daysinthepolarregion.Iwasinspiredbyhisspirit，realizingthatwe5.musthavecourageandperseverance(必須要有勇氣和毅力)whenfacinganydifficulties.BelowaresomeofhisexpeditionexperiencesandachievementsasextraordinaryasagreatmiracleIftherehadn'tbeenhiswiseleadershipmusthavecourageandperseverancebeenenthusiasticaboutpolarexploration維度二讀后續(xù)寫微技能30——場景描寫[語言素材]——輸入必備知識1．a(chǎn)llwaitingfortheirevents所有人都在等待自己的比賽2．breakdown壞掉；出故障

3．withthesnowandthecold在大雪和嚴寒的天氣下4．theearthshakingbeneathone'sfeet大地在某人腳下晃動

5．gofrombadtoworse變得更糟6．transportsb.backto把某人帶回……7．spreadquickly很快蔓延8．leavepeopleontheupperfloorstrapped把高樓層的人們困在了里面9．thecrashoffallingroofs屋頂坍塌的巨響10．thewhistleblowing哨聲響起11．withsb.clappingandshoutingencouragement伴著某人拍手、吶喊助威12．befilledwithasenseof...充滿……的感覺[跟蹤演練]——提升關(guān)鍵能力任務1單句表達1．我們已經(jīng)掙扎了好幾天了，但是象島上的情況越來越糟。Wehavebeenstrugglingfordays,butthingsonElephantIslandaregoingfrombadtoworse.(人教版選必三U4)2．先是他的兩輛雪橇壞了，后來馬匹開始在大雪和嚴寒的天氣下出現(xiàn)嚴重問題。First,histwosledgesbrokedownandthenthehorsesbegantohaveseriousdifficulties

withthesnowandthecold．(北師大版必修二U5)3．那一刻，他們感到大地在腳下晃動；他們聽到遠處屋頂坍塌的巨響。Atthatmoment,theyfelttheearthshakingbeneaththeirfeet;beyondinthedistance,theyheardthecrashoffallingroofs．(譯林版必修三U2)goingfrombadtoworsebrokedownwiththesnowandthecoldtheearthshakingbeneaththeirfeet;thecrashoffallingroofs4．周日晚上的大火被認為是從九樓開始的，很快蔓延到整座公寓大樓，把高樓層的人們困在里面。Thefire,whichisthoughttohavestartedfromthe8thfloor,spreadquicklythroughthetowerblockonSundaynight,leavingpeopleontheupperfloorstrapped.(譯林版選必二U1)5．有時只是聞到氣味就有這種效果，更不用說那美妙的奶油的味道了，這種味道就像一臺時光機，立刻把我?guī)Щ仃柟鉅N爛的童年。Sometimesthesmellalonecandothetrick,nottomentionthelovelycreamyflavour,whichworkslikeatimemachineimmediatelytransportingmebacktomysunnychildhood.(譯林版選必一U1)spreadquicklyleavingpeopleontheupperfloorstrappedtransportingmebackto任務2語段表達Thesportsmeetingwasonthemove.Thetrackwaslinedwitheagerstudents,1.allwaitingfortheirevents(所有人都在等待自己的比賽).2.Thewhistleblew(哨聲響起),andthefirstracebegan.Cheerseruptedfromthecrowdastherunnersspeddownthetrack,theirfeetpoundingagainsttheground.Theexcitementwasbig,3.withstudentsclappingandshoutingencouragement(伴著學生們拍手、吶喊助威).Thefieldeventswereequallythrilling,withstudentsthrowingjavelins(標槍)andjumpingoverhighbars.Teachersandparentswatchedfromthesidelines,smilingandtakingpictures.Theenergyintheairwaselectric,4.filledwithasenseofcompetitionandfriendship(充滿了競爭與友誼的感覺).Asthefinalraceapproached,everyonegatheredtowatch,unitedintheirenthusiasmfortheevent．

allwaitingfortheireventsThewhistleblewwithstudentsclappingandshoutingencouragementfilledwithasenseofcompetitionandfriendship基礎默測第分部四默寫達標一、閱讀單詞曉詞義

1．wagen.工資2．expeditionn.探險；遠征；探險隊3．endurancen.忍耐力；耐久力4．cupboardn.櫥柜；壁櫥；衣柜5．stoven.爐具；廚房灶具6．voyagen.&vi.航海；航行7．navyn.海軍；海軍部隊8．decentadj.相當不錯的；正派的；得體的工資探險；遠征；探險隊忍耐力；耐久力櫥柜；壁櫥；衣柜爐具；廚房灶具航海；航行海軍；海軍部隊相當不錯的；正派的；得體的9．cosy(NAmEcozy)adj.溫馨的；舒適的10．crewn.(輪船、飛機等上面的)全體工作人員；專業(yè)團隊；一群人11．corporateadj.公司的；法人的；社團的12．episoden.(人生的)一段經(jīng)歷；(小說的)片段；插曲

溫馨的；舒適的(輪船、飛機等上面的)全體工作人員；專業(yè)團隊；一群人公司的；法人的；社團的(人生的)一段經(jīng)歷；(小說的)片段；插曲二、核心單詞寫得準

1．a(chǎn)dversity

n.困境；逆境2．bitter

adj.嚴寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的3．sink

vi.(sank/sunk，sunk)沉沒；下沉；下降

vt.使下沉；使沉沒4．a(chǎn)bandon

vt.舍棄；拋棄；放棄；遺棄5．miserable

adj.痛苦的；令人難受的6．good/bad-tempered

adj.脾氣好的/壞的7．genuine

adj.真正的；真誠的；可信賴的8．thorough

adj.深入的；徹底的；細致的9．damp

adj.潮濕的；濕氣重的10．recreation

n.娛樂；消遣；游戲11．rough

adj.洶涌的；粗糙的；粗略的12．candidate

n.候選人；應試者adversitybittersinkabandonmiserablegood/bad-temperedgenuinethoroughdamprecreationroughcandidate三、拓展單詞通變化

1．qualify

vt.使合格；使具有資格→qualified

adj.符合資格；具備……的知識(或技能、學歷等)→qualification

n.資格；資歷2．enthusiasm

n.熱情；熱心→enthusiastic

adj.熱情的；熱心的→enthusiastically

adv.熱情地3．board

v.上船(火車、飛機、公共汽車等)；寄宿

n.木板；董事會；伙食→aboard

adv.&prep.上(船、飛機、公共汽車等)4．a(chǎn)ssign

vt.分派；布置；分配→assignment

n.分派；布置；分配5．selfish

adj.自私的→selfishness

n.自私→selfless

adj.無私的→selflessness

n.無私，忘我6．persevere

vi.堅持；孜孜以求→perseverance

n.毅力；韌性；不屈不撓的精神qualifyqualifiedqualificationenthusiasmenthusiasticenthusiasticallyboardaboardassignassignmentselfishselfishnessselflessselflessnesspersevereperseverance7．resolve

vi.&vt.決定；決心；解決(問題或困難)n.決心；堅定的信念→resolution

n.決議；解決；堅定8．guide

vt.指導

n.向?qū)?；指南→guidance

n.指導；引導；導航9．a(chǎn)dvertise

vt.&vi.公布；宣傳；做廣告→advertiser

n.廣告商→advertisement

n.廣告→advertising

n.廣告活動；廣告業(yè)10．commit

v.犯罪；承諾；委托→commitment

n.承諾；保證；奉獻

resolveresolutionguideguidanceadvertiseadvertiseradvertisementadvertisingcommitcommitment四、重點詞塊明搭配

1．turnsb.down

拒絕(某人)2．makefire

生火3．giveoff

放出(熱、光、氣味或氣體)4．keepone'sspiritsup

保持某人高昂的情緒5．holdon

堅持?。坏纫幌?；別掛斷6．cheersb.up

使某人振作起來7．beenthusiasticabout對……熱情8．a(chǎn)pplytojointheexpedition申請加入探險之旅9．befullofvigour朝氣蓬勃10．keepusoptimistic使我們保持樂觀11．fillmewithhope讓我充滿希望12．be/becomestuckin困??；陷于turnsb.downmakefiregiveoffkeepone'sspiritsupholdoncheersb.up對……熱情申請加入探險之旅朝氣蓬勃使我們保持樂觀讓我充滿希望困??；陷于五、教材佳句會運用

1．嗯，一天早晨，我碰巧買了份報紙，看到了這則有關(guān)南極探險的廣告。(Ithappenedthat…)Well,itsohappenedthatonemorningIboughtanewspaperandreadtheadvertisementabouttheAntarcticexpedition.2．我們現(xiàn)在在冰上扎營，并且一直在設法生存，但是春天要來了，冰很快就會開始融化。(have/hasbeendoing)Wearenowcampedontheiceandwehavebeenmanagingtosurvive,butspringiscoming,andtheicewillsoonbegintomelt.3．如果沒有海洋生物，我們都得挨餓。(if引導的虛擬條件句)Ifitweren'tforseaanimals,wewouldallstarve．

itsohappenedthathavebeenmanagingweren'twouldallstarve基礎檢測Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Accordingtotheairlinerules,werecommendyouswitchoffyourmobilephonebeforeyougoaboard(上)theplane.2．Thatlastcandidate(候選人)impressedmewithhisknowledgeofthecompany'sactivities;hehasreallydonehishomework.3．Beinggenuine(真誠的)andgood-tempered,hehasbeengettingalongwellwithhisclassmates.4．Sportsandrecreation(娛樂)havealwaysbeenpartofuniversitylife.5．(2023·全國甲卷)Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture(家具),sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.aboardcandidategenuinerecreationfurnitureⅡ.單句語法填空1．Therewasalonglineofabandoned(abandon)trucksandcartsonaroadleadinguptoabridge.2．Thestudentgoingtoartordramaschoolwillbeveryenthusiasticaboutfurthereducation.3．(2024·北京卷)Typically,cruelty(cruel)andcheatingarediscouraged,whilecooperation,humblenessandcouragearepraised.4．Couldyougivemeajobdescriptionofthepositionadvertised(advertise)?5．(2023·新課標Ⅱ卷)I'moftenaskedbycuriousfollowershowtobeginanartjourney.Unfortunately(unfortunate),thereisnomagiclistIcanoffer.

abandonedaboutcrueltyadvertisedUnfortunatelyⅢ.選詞填空1．WehaddreamedofvisitingtheGreatWallanditwasnotuntillastyearthatwemanagedtomakeit．2．Theysetoffforthedestinationtoolate;otherwisetheywouldn'thavebeenstuckinthestorm.3．Whatisknowntousallisthatnotgivingoffwastegasisanadvantageofridingbicycles.4．Shehasturneddownseveralinvitationstostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.5．Theydiscoveredfireplacesinthecentreofthecaveswheretheymadefire．turndown；giveoff；makeit；makefire；setoffmakeitsetoffgivingoffturneddownmadefire

Ⅳ.句式仿寫1．如果我是你，我肯定會充分利用時間來提高我的學業(yè)成績。(if引導的虛擬條件句)IfIwereyou,Iwouldcertainlymakefulluseofthetimetoimprovemyacademicperformance.2．76歲的威爾遜是一名退休工程師，過去八年來一直為大學生提供免費的乘車服務。(havebeendoing)76-year-oldWilson,aretiredengineer,hasbeenofferingfreeridestocollegestudentsforthepasteightyears.3．碰巧的是，他們在同一個村莊度過了他們的童年。(Ithappenedthat…)Ithappenedthattheyspenttheirchildhoodinthesamevillage.IfIwereyou,hasbeenofferingfreeridestocollegestudentsIthappenedthattheyspenttheirchildhood4．(2023·新課標卷讀后續(xù)寫)正是你鼓勵我的話激勵我去參加比賽，如果沒有你鼓勵的話語，我早就放棄了。(without虛擬語氣)Itwasyourencouragingwordsthatinspiredmetotakepartinthecontest,withoutwhichIwouldhavegivenup．

withoutwhichIwouldhavegivenup課時作業(yè)30第分部五Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分，共20分)

(2024·河南名校聯(lián)盟高三模擬)MelissaSevigny,asciencejournalistforArizonaPublicRadio,recountsthedetailsofthe1938riverjourneyofElzadaCloverandLoisJotter,who,alongwiththeirguide,NormNevills,andafewothercrewmembers,traveleddowntheColoradoRiverwiththegoalofcataloging(登記)undiscoveredplantsinthearea.TheColoradoRiverwasknownasthemostdangerousriverintheworld.ButforCloverandJotter,itheldagreatappeal:noonehadsurveyedtheGrandCanyon'splants,andtheyweredeterminedtobethefirst.Aswomenscientists,CloverandJotterfacedscrutiny(監(jiān)督)evenbeforetheirtripbegan.TheystartedinGreenRiver,Utah,andthentraveledthroughCataractCanyon,GlenCanyon,andtheGrandCanyonbeforeendingatLakeMead.ForClover,thetripfitperfectlywithherdreamofcatalogingalltheSouthwest'scacti(akindofplant),but,morethanthat,itwasachancetomakehermarkonthefieldofbotany.Astheymadetheirwaydowntheriver,theycontinuedtofacechallenges,includingnavigatingintenserapids,losingoneoftheirthreeboats,anddealingwithaggressivereportersandinaccurateandimaginarynewsreports.WhenCloverandJotterfinallyreachedtheentranceoftheGrandCanyon,theyfeltapprehensive,buttheydecidedtheyhadnochoicenowbuttobravethewildriver.Drawinginformationfromthecrew'slettersandjournals,SevignybringsusdirectlyintotheboatsandintroducesustomanyoftheplantsthatCloverandJottersurveyedandcollected.Theauthoralsoincludesamapoftherouteandphotographicimagesofthecrewatdifferentpointsalongtheway.Woven(編織)throughoutthenarrativeofCloverandJotteristheearlyhistoryoftravelontheColoradoRiveraswellashowIndigenouspeoples,Europeans,andtheParkServicehaveshapedtheecologyoftheriverovertime.Astheauthornotes,womeninsciencestillfacechallengesandbarriers;Sevignyhopesthatrecallingthepastwillleadtoafairerfuture.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇書評。文章主要講述了科學記者MelissaSevigny回顧了ElzadaClover和LoisJotter在1938年與導游NormNervills以及其他幾名船員一起沿著科羅拉多河進行的探險之旅。1．WhatmotivatedCloverandJottertomakethejourney？(

)A．Thenativecultures.B．TheplantsoftheGrandCanyon.C．Thesceneryalongtheriver.D．TheSouthwest'scactusspecies.解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“TheColoradoRiverwasknownasthemostdangerousriverintheworld.ButforCloverandJotter,itheldagreatappeal:noonehadsurveyedtheGrandCanyon'splants,andtheyweredeterminedtobethefirst.”可知，大峽谷的植物促使Clover和Jotter踏上這段旅程。故選B項。B2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“apprehensive”meaninparagraph2？(

)A．Relieved. B．Guilty.C．Anxious. D．Pleased.解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前面提到的“Astheymadetheirwaydowntheriver,theycontinuedtofacechallenges,includingnavigatingintenserapids,losingoneoftheirthreeboats，anddealingwithaggressivereportersand