【英語】高中英語閱讀理解(教育文化)答題技巧及練習(xí)題(含答案)及解析一、高中英語閱讀理解教育文化類1．閱讀理解

Theterm"crocodiletears"referstoinsinceresadness.Thistermhasanetymologydatingbackseveralcenturies.Asearlyasthefourthcentury,crocodiletearsarereferencedintheliteraturewiththemeaningofinsinceresorrow.Itissaidthatcrocodilesweepwhileeatingtheirhuntedanimalsbecausetheyaresad;however,thissadnessisnothonest.

Thetermcrocodiletearsbecamewidelypopularafteritwasdocumentedinafifteenth-centurybooktitledTheVoyageandTravelofSirJohnMandeville,Knight.Apassagefromthebookreads:"Thesecrocodileskillmenandtheyeatthemweeping."

Asyoumayalreadyknow,crocodilians(鱷目動(dòng)物)likelyfeelbadaboutlittle—especiallyfeeding.However,theassumptionofthecrocodile-tearsmetaphormaybetrue.Ina2007paperpublishedinBioSciencetitled"CrocodileTears:Andtheyeatthemweeping",researchersobserved7crocodiliansincagesduringfeedingtimeatareserve(4caimansand3Americanalligators).Theresearchersobservedthecrocodiliansoutsideofwateratfeedingstationstobetterfindoutwhethertearingdeveloped.

Fiveofthe7crocodiliansdevelopedsomethingliketearsintheireyesbefore,duringorafterfeeding.Theresearcherssuggestthatthesecrocodiletearsoccurbecauseacrocodilianhisses(發(fā)出嘶嘶聲)whileiteats,andthishissingforcesairthroughthespacesinthebonebehindthenoseandouttheeye,intheprocesspickingupnasolacrimalsecretions(鼻淚管分泌物.)

Inhumans,crocodiletearsisamedicalconditionthatcausesapersontotearupwhileeating.Crocodiletearstypicallyoccurbecauseofatemporarylossoffacialcontrolduetodamageofthefacialnerve.Specifically,whenthefacialnervegrowsagain,itdoessoincorrectlythusresultingintearsduringchewingfood.（1）Theunderlinedword"etymology"inParagraph1refersto________.A.areferencebookcontainingarticlesonvarioustopicsB.theoriginandhistoryofaparticulartermC.aprintedsheetofpaperthatarcgivenfreetoadvertiseD.theapplicationandinfluenceofanewtheory（2）Theterm"crocodiletears"________.A.isamedicalconditionthatcausesacrocodiletotearupB.becamewidelypopularasearlyasthefourthcenturyC.referstopretendedsadnessD.provedtobeonlyanassumption（3）Fromthe2007paperpublishedinBioScience,wecanknowthat________.A.crocodiliansespeciallyfeelbadaboutfeedingB.notallthe7crocodiliansdevelopedtearingC.thecrocodilianswerecarefullyobservedinsidewaterD.crocodiletearsoccurbecauseacrocodilianhissesafteriteats（4）Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.whattherealtruthisaboutcrocodiletearsB.whentheterm"crocodiletears"gotpopularinliteratureC.howresearchersmadetheexperimentoncrocodiliansD.whycrocodiletearstypicallyoccurinhumans【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，通過引用“鱷魚的眼淚”這一說法的來源、發(fā)展以及相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)來告訴讀者“crocodiletears”的真實(shí)含義。（1）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第一段中的“datingbackseveralcenturies”追溯到幾個(gè)世紀(jì)前；以及“Asearlyasthefourthcentury,crocodiletearsarereferencedintheliteraturewiththemeaningofinsinceresorrow.”早在公元4世紀(jì)，鱷魚的眼淚在文學(xué)作品中的意思是假慈悲，可推知，etymology和一個(gè)詞條的來源和發(fā)展相關(guān)。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Itissaidthatcrocodilesweepwhileeatingtheirhuntedanimalsbecausetheyaresad;however,thissadnessisnothonest.”是指假傷心，假慈悲。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Fiveofthe7crocodiliansdevelopedsomethingliketearsintheireyesbefore,duringorafterfeeding.”7只鱷魚中，有5只在吃食之前，之中和之后流下了眼淚，可知，并非所有的鱷魚在吃食時(shí)都會(huì)流淚。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Theresearcherssuggestthatthesecrocodiletearsoccurbecauseacrocodilianhisses(發(fā)出嘶嘶聲)whileitcats,andthishissingforcesairthroughthespacesinthebonebehindthenoseandouttheeye,intheprocesspickingupnasolacrimalsecretions”研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)這些鱷魚的眼淚是因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)谶M(jìn)食時(shí)發(fā)出的嘶嘶聲，這種聲音迫使空氣通過鼻子背后的空間從眼睛出來，在這個(gè)過程中帶出了鼻內(nèi)管分泌物，可知，作者通過對(duì)“crocodiletears”這一詞條的來源、發(fā)展以及相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)來告訴讀者有關(guān)“crocodiletears”的真實(shí)含義。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Bynowyou'veprobablyheardaboutthe"you'renotspecial"speech,whenEnglishteacherDavidMcCulloughtoldgraduatingseniorsatWellesleyHighSchool:"Donotgettheideayou'reanythingspecial,becauseyou'renot."Mothersandfatherspresentattheceremony一andawholelotofotherparentsacrosstheInternet—tookissuewithMcCullough'sego-puncturing(傷自尊的)words.Butlostintheuproar(喧囂)wassomethingwereallyshouldbetakingtoheart:ouryoungpeopleactuallyhavenoideawhetherthey'reparticularlytalentedoraccomplishedornot.Inoureagernesstoelevatetheirself-esteem,weforgottoteachthemhowtorealisticallyassesstheirownabilities,acrucialrequirementforgettingbetteratanythingfrommathtomusictosports.Infact,it'snotjustprivilegedhigh-schoolstudents:wealltendtoviewourselvesasaboveaverage.

Suchinflatedself-judgmentshavebeenfoundinstudyafterstudyandit'softenexactlywhenwe'releastcompetentatagiventaskthatwerateourperformancemostgenerously,ina2006studypublishedinthejournalMedicalEducation,forexample,medicalstudentswhoscoredthelowestonanessaytestwerethemostcharitableintheirselfevaluations,whilehigh-scoringstudentsjudgedthemselvesmuchmorestrictly.Poorstudents,theauthorsnote,"lackinsight"intotheirowninadequacy.Whyshouldthisbe?Anotherstudy,ledbyCornellUniversitypsychologistDavidDunning,offersanenlighteningexplanation.Peoplewhoareincompetent,hewriteswithcoauthorJustinKruger,sufferfroma“dualburden":they'renotgoodatwhattheydo,andtheirveryclumsinesspreventsthemfromrecognizinghowbadtheyare.

InDunningandKruger'sstudy,subjectsscoringatthebottomontestsoflogic,grammarandhumor-extremelyoverestimated''theirtalents.Althoughtheirtestscoresputtheminthe12thpercentile(百分位數(shù))theyguessedtheywereinthe62nd.Whattheseindividualslacked(inaddition9clearlogic,propergrammarandasenseofhumor)was"metacognitiveskill"thecapacitytomonitorhowwellthey'reperforming.Intheabsenceofthatcapacity,thesubjectsarrivedatanoverlyhopefulviewoftheirownabilities.There'saparadoxhere,theauthorsnote:Theskillsthatleadtocompetenceinaparticulardomainareoftentheverysameskillsnecessarytoevaluatecompetenceinthatfield?Inotherwords,togetbetteratjudginghowwellwe'redoingatanactivity,wehavetogetbetterattheactivityitself.

Thereareacoupleofwaysoutofthisdoublebind.First,wecanlearntomakehonestcomparisonswithothers.Trainyourselftorecognizeexcellence,evenwhenyouyourselfdon'tpossessit,andcomparewhatyoucandoagainstwhattrulyexcellentindividualsareabletoaccomplish.Second,seekoutfeedbackthatisfrequent,accurateandspecific.Findacriticwhowilltellyounotonlyhowpoorlyyou'redoing,butjustwhatitisthatyou'redoingwrong.AsDunningandKrugernote,successindicatestousthateverythingwentright,butfailureismoreambiguous:anynumberofthingscouldhavegonewrong.Usethisexternalfeedbacktofigureoutexactlywhereandwhenyouscrewedup.

Ifweadoptthesestrategies—andmostimportantly,teachthemtoourchildren—theywon'tneedparents,oracommencement(畢業(yè)典禮)speaker,totellthemthatthey'respecial.They'llalreadyknowthattheyare,orhaveaplantogetthatway.（1）Theauthorthinkstherealproblemisthat

.A.norequirementissetupforyoungpeopletogetbetterB.wealwaystendtoconsiderourselvestobeprivilegedC.wedon'tknowwhetherouryoungpeoplearetalentedornotD.youngpeopledon'tknowhowtoassesstheirabilitiesrealistically（2）Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthosehigh-scoringstudents

A.knowhowtocultivateclearlogicandpropergrammarB.tendtobeverycompetentintheirhigh-scoringfieldsC.don'tviewthemselvesascompetentbecausetheyknowtheirlimitsD.don'tknowhowwelltheyperformduetotheirstrictself-judgement（3）Thestrategiesofbecomingspecialsuggestthat

.A.weneedinternalhonestywithourselvesandexternalhonestyfromothersB.thebestwaytogetbetteristocarefullystudypastsuccessandfailureC.throughcomparisonwithothers,onewillknowwhereandwhenhefailsD.neitherparentsnoracommencementspeakercantellwhetheroneisspecial（4）Whichcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A.TipOnMakingOurselvesMoreSpecialB.Let'sAdmitThatWeAreNotThatSpecialC.SpecialorNot?TeachKidsToFigureItOutD.TellTheTruth:KidsOverestimatetheirTalents【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，是特殊或者不是？我們要教會(huì)孩子理解它。作者認(rèn)為真正的問題是年輕人不知道如何現(xiàn)實(shí)地評(píng)估自己的能力。想要變得特別，我們需要對(duì)自己誠實(shí)和他人對(duì)我們的誠實(shí)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Butlostintheuproar（喧囂）wassomethingwereallyshouldbetakingtoheart:ouryoungpeopleactuallyhavenoideawhetherthey'reparticularlytalentedoraccomplishedornot.Inoureagernesstoelevatetheirself-esteem,weforgottoteachthemhowtorealisticallyassesstheirownabilities”,可知作者認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)該在喧囂之后記住：現(xiàn)在的年輕人不知道他們究竟有沒有天賦，其根本原因是他們不知道如何實(shí)際地評(píng)估自己的能力。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“sufferfroma“dualburden":they'renotgoodatwhattheydo,andtheirveryclumsinesspreventsthemfromrecognizinghowbadtheyare.”得低分的學(xué)生遭受著雙重負(fù)擔(dān)，即他們不擅長(zhǎng)自己所做的，并且他們的笨拙讓他們無法意識(shí)到自己有多差。由此可推斷，得高分的學(xué)生擅長(zhǎng)自己所作的。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“First,wecanlearntomakehonestcomparisonswithothers.和Findacriticwhowilltellyounotonlyhowpoorlyyou'redoing,butjustwhatitisthatyou'redoingwrong.”可知我們要學(xué)會(huì)誠實(shí)地將自己和他人進(jìn)行比較，也需要一個(gè)人將我們做的不好的，以及做錯(cuò)了什么如實(shí)相告。由此可推測(cè)變得特別的策略表明我們需要對(duì)自己誠實(shí)，也需要?jiǎng)e人對(duì)我們誠實(shí)。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)最后一段“Ifweadoptthesestrategies—andmostimportantly,teachthemtoourchildren—theywon'tneedparents,oracommencement(畢業(yè)典禮)speaker,totellthemthatthey'respecial.They'llalreadyknowthattheyare,orhaveaplantogetthatway.”可知教會(huì)了孩子文中提到的策略，孩子就可以知道他們自己是否特別，或者已經(jīng)在變得特別的路上。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Thearts,especiallymusic,shouldbepartofeveryschool'slessonsateverygradelevel.Studentswouldbemuchsmarteriftheyhadsomemusicalexperience.Theycouldimprovetheirclassroomskills,likepayingattentionandfollowingdirections.Peopledevelopalltheseskillswhentheylearnmusic.Makingmusicalsoletschildrenusetheirimagination.Itprovidesstudentswithachancetotryouttheirownideas.

Musicnotonlymakeschildrenbetterstudents,butalsogivesthemsomethingpositivetodo.Inamusicprogram,childrencanbepartofabandinsteadofjoiningagang(團(tuán)伙).Parentscanenjoylisteningtotheirchildren'smusicinsteadofseeingthemgluedtoacomputerorTVscreen.Inaschoolband,studentsgettobepartofateam.Theycangetalongwellwitholdfriendsandmakenewfriendsthroughmusic.

Musicbuildsself-confidence,too.Itgiveschildrenasenseofachievementandsuccess.Makingmusicissomethingforthemtobeproudof,anditletskidspracticeperforminginfrontofanaudience.Musicgiveschildrenanopportunityforself-expression,andthathelpsdeveloptheirself-confidence.

Onceagain,musicisimportantbecauseitcanmakechildrenbetterstudents,givethemsomethingpositivetodo,andbuildtheircharacter.Thatiswhymusicshouldbeofferedineverysinglegradeineveryschool.（1）Accordingtothepassage,musiccouldmakestudentssmarterby_______________.A.improvingtheirclassroomskillsandpayingattentionB.improvingtheirclassroomskillsandimaginationC.improvingtheirattention,directionandimaginationD.learningmusic,makingmusicandtryingouttheirownideas（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"gluedto"inthesecondparagraphmean?A.unwillingtoturnonB.alwayslookingC.unwillingtoleaveD.alwaysplaying（3）Thethirdparagraphmainlytellsusthatmusiccould_______________.A.givechildrenself-expressionandself-confidenceB.bringtochildrenachievementandsuccessC.givechildrensomethingtobeproudofD.developchildren'sself-confidence（4）What'sthebesttitleofthispassage?A.Musicisamustasacourseatschool.B.Musicbuildschildren'sself-confidence.C.Musicmakesstudentsmuchsmarter.D.Learningmusicandmakingmusic.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文介紹了音樂在學(xué)生的成長(zhǎng)過程中不容忽視的作用，應(yīng)該被列為學(xué)校里的一門必修課程．音樂不但能夠提高學(xué)生們的注意力和服從指揮的能力，而且也能讓學(xué)生發(fā)揮想象力，培養(yǎng)他們的創(chuàng)造能力。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theycouldimprovetheirclassroomskills”和“Makingmusicalsoletschildrenusetheirimagination”可知，音樂通過提高學(xué)生的課堂技能和發(fā)揮他們的想象力，使其更加聰明。故選B。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段中的“Parentscanenjoylisteningtotheirchildren'smusicinsteadofseeingthemgluedtoacomputerorTVscreen.”家長(zhǎng)們能享受孩子們的音樂，而不是看他們不愿離開電腦或電視。glue的原意“似膠般固著于”，這里引申為“不愿離開”。故選C。（3）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第三段中的“Musicbuildsself-confidence,too.”音樂也建立自信可知,故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。第一段中的“Thearts,especiallymusic,shouldbepartofeveryschool'slessonsateverygradelevel.”即本篇文章的主題句。根據(jù)概括標(biāo)題需遵循“征對(duì)性、概括性、醒目性”的原則可知A為最佳答案，故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)，段落大意和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Beforeyoumakefriends,youhavetodecidewhoyouwanttobeyourfriends.

Mostpeopleliketohavefriendswholiketodothesamekindofthingstheydo.

Thequickestwaytomakeafriendistosmile.Whenyousmile,peoplethinkyouarefriendlyandeasytotalkto.Itmaynotbeeasyatfirsttosmile,butremembermostpeoplewillstayawayfromascaledorangrylooking.

Oneeasywaytostallaconversationwithsomeoneistosaysomethingniceabouthim.Thinkabouthowgreatyoufeelwhensomeonesayssomethingnicetoyou.Doesn'titmakeyouwanttokeeptalkingtothatperson?

Askyournewfriendsquestionsaboutthemselves.Who'stheirfavouritesinger,wheredotheylive,whatdotheydoafterschoolareallgoodquestionstostartaconversation.Makesureyouhavesomethingtoaddtotheconversation,too.Thensomeoneasksyouaquestion,dohaveananswerforit.Thereisnothingthatwillstopaconversationquickerthanashrugforananswer.

Kidswhoshowaninterestinotherkidsandwhoarekindandfriendlymakegoodfriends.Remember,everyonewantstobearoundpeoplewholiketodosimilarthingsandpeoplewhoarenicetothem.（1）Thispassagegivesussomeadviceon_______.A.

howtomakefriends

B.

whoyoucanmakefriendswithC.

howtostartaconversation

D.

theimportanceofsmile（2）Mostpeopleliketomakefriendswiththose________.A.

whoaresadeveryday

B.

whosharethesameinterestC.

whoarefondoftalking

D.

whosaybadthingstothem（3）Accordingtothethirdparagraph,mostpeopleenjoytalkingtoone__________.A.

whoisalwayssmiling

B.

whoseemstobefriendlyC.

whopraisesthem

D.

whopointsouttheirshortcomings（4）Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthispassagemean?A.

Beingveryproud.

B.

Makingnoanswer.C.

Knowingnothing.

D.

Nothopingtoanswer.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，在你交朋友之前，你必須決定你想成為誰的朋友，大部分人想要叫朋友都做同樣的事情。作者介紹了如何交朋友．最快捷的方式是微笑，以贊美的方式開始話題，還要投其所好，這樣的話才能交到更多的朋友。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的”

Thequickestwaytomakeafriendistosmile.

“以及第四段中的"Oneeasywaytostartaconversationwithsomeone…"可知，本文講述如何人交朋友，最快捷的方式是微笑，以贊美的方式開始話題，還要投其所好，這樣才能交到更多的朋友，故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"…dothesamekindsofthingstheydo"及最后一段中的"…dosimilarthings"可知，志趣相投的人容易成為朋友，故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的”O(jiān)neeasywaytostartaconversationwithsomeoneistosaysomethingniceabouthim.Thinkabouthowgreatyoufeelwhensomeonesayssomethingnicetoyou.

“和某人開始交談的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單方法就是說他的好話。想一想,當(dāng)某個(gè)人總是說你好話的時(shí)候,你感覺有多棒?？赏浦xC。（4）考查句義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第五段中的”Thereisnothingthatwillstopaconversationquickerthanashrugforananswer.“

當(dāng)你對(duì)別人的回答不屑時(shí)，談話就會(huì)立刻結(jié)束?？芍xB。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，句義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Childrenshoulddohousework.That'sacontroversialidea,thoughnoteveryonewilladmitit.Afewparentswilldeclarethattheirchildrenaretoobusyforhousework.Manymoreofusassignhousework,orsaywebelieveinthem,butthehouseworkjustdoesn'tgetdone.

That'saproblem.Forstarters,houseworkisgoodforkids.Beingapartoftheroutineworkofrunningahouseholdhelpschildrendevelopanawarenessoftheneedsofothers,whileatthesametimecontributingtotheiremotionalwell-being.

Onesmallstudy,doneoveraperiodof25years,foundthatthebestpredictorforyoungadultssuccessintheirmid-20swaswhethertheyparticipatedinhouseholdtasksatage3or4.Thoseearlysharedresponsibilitiesextendedtoasenseofresponsibilityinotherareasoftheirlives.

Butforallthattheirhelpmatters,fewkidsaredoingmucharoundthehouseatall.Inasurveyof1,000Americanadults,75percentsaidtheybelievedregularhouseworkmadekids"moreresponsible".Yetwhile82percentreportedhavinghadregularhouseworkgrowingup,only56percentofthosewithchildrensaidtheyrequiredthemtodohousework.

Sportsandhomeworkarenotget-out-of-housework-freecards.Thegoal,afterall,istoraiseadultswhocanbalanceacaringroleintheirfamiliesandcommunitieswithwhateverlifetimeachievementgoalstheychoose.Houseworkteachesthatbalance.

Whatshouldyoudowhengettingchildrentodohousework?Acceptnoexcuses.Don'tworryifyoumustrepeatyourselfagainandagain.Ifyou'respendingmoretimegettingthechildtodothisjobthanitwouldtaketodoityourself,thenyou'redoingitright.Cananallowancehelp?Maybe.Butifyou'retryingtoteachkidstosharetheresponsibilityofahome,payingthemforroutinehouseworkisnottherightmessage.（1）Whatismostparents'problemwithchildrendoinghousework?A.

Theyareagainsttheidea.

B.

Theyfailtoputitintopractice.C.

Theydoubtthepossibilityofit.

D.

Theyarefindingexcusesfortheirchildren.（2）Whydoestheauthormentionthesmallstudy?A.

Tostatethereasonsforearlysuccess.B.

Togiveexamplesofsomesuccessfulpeople.C.

Toprovedoinghouseworkisbeneficial.D.

Tosuggestkidstakeresponsibilityfortheirbehavior.（3）AccordingtothesurveyofAmericanadults,howmanyofthemusedtodohouseworkaschildren?A.820.B.560.C.750.D.440.（4）Whydoestheauthorwritethelastparagraph?A.Tocriticizesomeirresponsibleparents.B.Todiscusstheimpactofagoodfamilyatmosphere.C.Toadviseparentstospendmoretimewiththeirkids.D.Toofferparentssomeadviceonassigningchildrenhousework.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，作者認(rèn)為孩子應(yīng)該分擔(dān)家務(wù)，這不僅有利于培養(yǎng)他們的責(zé)任心，而且能提升他們的幸福感。而且家務(wù)能夠讓孩子在家庭和社區(qū)中的關(guān)愛角色與他們選擇的任何終身成就目標(biāo)之間取得平衡，文章最后說明一些關(guān)于分配孩子做家務(wù)的建議。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Afewparentswilldeclarethattheirchildrenaretoobusyforhousework.Manymoreofusassignhousework,orsaywebelieveinthem,butthehouseworkjustdoesn'tgetdone.”一些父母會(huì)說他們的孩子太忙了，沒有時(shí)間做家務(wù)。我們中更多的人會(huì)分配家務(wù)，或說我們相信他們，但家務(wù)就是做不完?？芍贁?shù)家長(zhǎng)覺得孩子學(xué)業(yè)太忙無暇做家務(wù)，但多數(shù)家長(zhǎng)即便認(rèn)為孩子該做家務(wù)，實(shí)際生活中也沒有很好地付諸實(shí)踐。可知對(duì)大多數(shù)父母來說讓孩子做家務(wù)存在的問題是他們沒有把它付諸實(shí)踐。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thoseearlysharedresponsibilitiesextendedtoasenseofresponsibilityinotherareasoftheirlives.”那些早期共同承擔(dān)的

責(zé)任擴(kuò)展到了他們生活的其他領(lǐng)域?？芍恼略诘诙谓榻B了孩子做家務(wù)的好處，第三段用一項(xiàng)研究具體闡釋了第二段的內(nèi)容。該研究表明，孩子幼時(shí)做家務(wù)預(yù)示著成年后較早成功，因?yàn)樽黾覄?wù)過程中培養(yǎng)出的責(zé)任感會(huì)遷移到生活的其他方面?？芍髡咛岬窖芯渴菫榱俗C明讓孩子做家務(wù)是有益的。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Yetwhile82percentreportedhavinghadregularhouseworkgrowingup,only56percentofthosewithchildrensaidtheyrequiredthemtodohousework.”然而，82%的人稱自己在成長(zhǎng)過程中經(jīng)常做家務(wù)，而只有56%的有孩子的人稱自己需要孩子做家務(wù)?？芍瑓⑴c調(diào)查的1000個(gè)人中，82%的人說自己成長(zhǎng)過程中經(jīng)常做家務(wù)，即有820人小時(shí)候做過家務(wù)。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。最后一段中的“Whatshouldyoudowhengettingchildrentodohousework?”要讓孩子做家務(wù)時(shí)你應(yīng)該做什么?，是本段的主題句，作者在本段就“如何讓孩子參與到家務(wù)事中”向家長(zhǎng)提供了建議?？芍髡邔懙淖詈笠欢问墙o父母一些關(guān)于分配孩子做家務(wù)的建議。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Childrenwhospendmoretimereadingwiththeirparentshaveagreaterchanceofbecomingbetterreadersthanthosewhodon't.Withhelpfromtheirparents,childrencanlearntechniquestoimprovetheirreadingskills.

"Alotofparentsthinkaftertheirchildlearnstoread,theyshouldstopreadingtothem,"DonnaGeorgesaid."Theyaresadlymistaken."

GeorgeoffersherservicestoparentsattheTitleILearningCenters.Shesaidreadingaloudtochildrenmaybethemostvaluablethingparentscando."Itisbetterforchildrentohearthingsatahighlevelthanwheretheyare,"Georgesaid."Parentsaretheirchild'sfirstteacher."Parentshelptheirchildrenbuildlistening,phonics,comprehensionandvocabularyskillswhentheyreadaloudtothem.

Beforeparentscanidentifyreadingproblems,theyshouldescapetheenemy—televisionandlimitthetimetheirchildrenspendwatchingtelevision.GeorgesuggestednotallowingkidstohaveaTVintheirbedrooms,settingascheduleofwhenkidscanwatchorkeepingalistofhowmanyprogramschildrenwatch.LouiseJonessaidthatwhileher14-year-olddaughterand10-year-oldsonenjoyreading,thetelevisionsometimesbecomesadistraction.Soshetriestobuildthesituationbysuggestingbookstheentirefamilywillenjoyreadingtogether,liketheHarryPotterseries.

Parentswhodonotreadthemselvesshouldnotcountontheirchildrenbeingenthusiasticaboutit.Ifparentswouldreadtotheirchildrenatleast15minuteseveryday,childrenwouldnothavesomanyproblemsinschool.Itistheparents'jobtohelpbuildthatdesireintheirchildren,andofcoursetoknowwhatkindofbookstoreadisalsoimportant.（1）AccordingtoGeorge,readingaloudtochildren______.A.helpsthemcorrectmistakesB.ishelpfultotheirreadingC.isparents'firstdutytotheirchildrenD.cangetchildrenoutoftelevision'sattraction（2）Theunderlinedword"distraction"(inParagraph4)meanssomethingthatcan_____.A.improvechildren'sreadingskillsB.helpchildrenformtherighthabitofreadingC.makechildreninterestedinreadingD.stopchildrenconcentratingonreading（3）Whatisimportantaccordingtothefourthparagraph?A.Readingskills.B.Readingspeed.C.Readingmaterials.D.Readingenvironment.（4）Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe______.A.ChildrenSpendMoreTimeReadingwithParentsB.ParentsAreTheirChild'sFirstTeacherC.HowParentsMakeTheirChildaBetterReaderD.HowtoImproveChildren'sReadingAbility【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了經(jīng)常與父母一起閱讀的孩子更容易成為優(yōu)秀的閱讀者，在父母的幫助下，孩子們會(huì)提高閱讀技巧，并詳細(xì)闡述了父母如何使孩子成為更好的閱讀者。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Parentshelptheirchildrenbuildlistening,phonics,comprehensionandvocabularyskillswhentheyreadaloudtothem.”可知家長(zhǎng)對(duì)孩子大聲的閱讀，會(huì)幫助他們建立聽力、發(fā)音、理解和詞匯技能。即家長(zhǎng)對(duì)孩子大聲的閱讀對(duì)孩子的閱讀是有幫助的，故選B。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第四段中的“Beforeparentscanidentifyreadingproblems,theyshouldescapetheenemy—televisionandlimitthetimetheirchildrenspendwatchingtelevision.”可知電視是影響孩子閱讀的敵人，所以當(dāng)LouiseJoines14歲的女兒和10歲的兒子享受閱讀的快樂時(shí)，電視就會(huì)成為使他們分心的東西，所以distraction的意思是“分心”，故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。第四段主要講了為了避免電視成為孩子閱讀的障礙，不建議在孩子的臥室安裝電視，而且列舉了LouiseJones的例子，為了避免電視使孩子分心，LouiseJones營(yíng)造全家都讀書的氛圍。所以從本段可以知道閱讀環(huán)境是很重要的，故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。主要講述了經(jīng)常與父母一起閱讀的孩子更容易成為優(yōu)秀的閱讀者，在父母的幫助下，孩子們會(huì)提高閱讀技巧。并詳細(xì)闡述了父母如何使孩子成為更好的閱讀者。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)，推理判斷和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Abouttwomonthsago,XingYanstartedexperiencinginsomniaforthefirsttime.

"Itdevelopedsuddenly.Iwasunderheavypressurefromworkatthetime.Icouldnotfallasleepatallatnight,andwaswideawakeuntildawn.Itriednottothinkofthethingsthatweretroublingmeandforgetthem,butthethoughtsquicklyreturned,makingitevenharderformetofallasleep,"saidthebankemployeefromFushun,Liaoningprovince.

Beforetheinsomniadeveloped,Xinghadregularlyexperiencedlessseriousrelateddisorders,suchastakingalongtimetofallasleep.Hebelieveshistendencytoworrymaybethecauseofhisinsomnia.

Inadditiontofeelingtiredduringtheday,Xingfeelsheisexperiencingthephysicalconsequencesofinsomnia,suchasanunexplainedstomachache.

"IbecameveryfrightenedwhenIrealizedIcouldnotsleepeveryday,"saidthe40-year-old,whohasbeenadmittedtoPekingUniversitySixthHospitalinBeijingfortreatment."Imayberuinedifthissituationcontinues."

Inanattempttoovercomehisproblem,Xingplanstostrictlyfollowtheadviceofhisdoctor,suchasgettingupandgoingtobedatfixedtimes,andtakingmedication.

SunHongqiang,directoroftheSleepMedicineCenteratthehospital,saidhisteamhasseenaconstantriseinthenumberofpatientswithsleepingdisordersinrecentyears.

Despiteseeingabout100patientseveryday,the12doctorsatthecenterareunabletomeetdemand,whichmeansmanypatientsendurealongwaitbeforetheycanconsultaphysician,accordingtoSun.

"Globally,theincidenceofsleepdisordersisrising,"hesaid."InChina,about30percentofthepopulationhassleepdisorders,whilearound10percentfrequentlyexperienceinsomnia."

Itisunclearwhatisbehindtheriseinthenumberofpeoplewithsleepdisorders,buttheproblemmaybelinkedwithfactorssuchaspersonality,brain-relatedillnessesanddisturbedlifestyles,headded.（1）Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword"insomnia"?A.Beingunabletosleep.B.Stayinguplate.C.Lowsleepquality.D.Takingalongtimetofallasleep.（2）What'sXing'soccupation?A.Adoctor.B.Abankemployee.C.AstudentfromPekingUniversity.D.Aphysician.（3）WhatcanbeinferredfromSunHongqiang'swords?A.About30%oftheChinesesufferfrominsomnia.B.Doctorsaretoobusytoseepeoplewithinsomnia.C.Physiciansareinhighdemandinthebattleagainstinsomnia.D.Thecausesofinsomniaincludebrain-relatedillnessesanddisturbedlifestyles.（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Insomnia—AterriblediseaseB.Insomnia—AnincreasingincidentC.Doctors—IngreatdemandD.Sleepdisorder—Aconstantphenomenon【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文為一篇記敘文，講述了遼寧撫順的銀行員工邢燕的失眠及治療經(jīng)歷，說明了目前全球范圍內(nèi)睡眠障礙的問題。（1）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段中的“Icouldnotfallasleepatallatnight,andwaswideawakeuntildawn.”我整夜睡不著覺，一直醒到天亮，可知，邢燕第一次經(jīng)歷了失眠。由此猜測(cè)insomnia意為“失眠”。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“saidthebankemployeefrom