2025年生物論文英文面試題庫及答案

一、單項選擇題（總共10題，每題2分）1.WhichofthefollowingisakeyenzymeinvolvedinDNAreplication?A.RNApolymeraseB.DNAligaseC.HelicaseD.Primase2.Whatistheprimaryfunctionofchlorophyllinplants?A.AbsorptionoflightenergyB.ConversionofCO2toglucoseC.TransportofwaterD.Regulationofstomatalopening3.Whichgeneticdisorderiscausedbyadeletionofchromosome21?A.DownsyndromeB.TurnersyndromeC.KlinefeltersyndromeD.FragileXsyndrome4.Whatisthemainroleofthemitochondriainacell?A.ProteinsynthesisB.EnergyproductionC.DNAreplicationD.Cellsignaling5.Whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicofprokaryoticcells?A.NucleusB.Membrane-boundorganellesC.CellwallD.Eukaryoticcytoskeleton6.Whatistheprocesscalledbywhichplantsconvertlightenergyintochemicalenergy?A.PhotosynthesisB.RespirationC.FermentationD.Nitrogenfixation7.Whichhormoneisprimarilyresponsibleforregulatingbloodsugarlevels?A.InsulinB.ThyroxineC.CortisolD.Testosterone8.Whatisthetermforthegeneticvariationwithinapopulation?A.GeneticdriftB.GeneflowC.MutationD.Naturalselection9.Whichofthefollowingisamajorcomponentofthecellmembrane?A.ProteinsB.LipidsC.CarbohydratesD.Nucleicacids10.Whatistheprocesscalledbywhichcellsdivideandproducenewcells?A.MitosisB.MeiosisC.FertilizationD.Apoptosis二、填空題（總共10題，每題2分）1.Theprocessbywhichplantsconvertlightenergyintochemicalenergyiscalled_______.2.Thegeneticmaterialfoundinthenucleusofeukaryoticcellsis_______.3.Thestructurethatsurroundsandprotectsthecelliscalledthe_______.4.Theprocessbywhichcellsobtainenergyfromfoodiscalled_______.5.Thehormonethatregulatesbloodsugarlevelsis_______.6.Thegeneticvariationwithinapopulationiscalled_______.7.Theprocessbywhichcellsdivideandproducenewcellsiscalled_______.8.ThemainenzymeinvolvedinDNAreplicationis_______.9.Theorganelleresponsibleforenergyproductioninacellisthe_______.10.Thetermforthegeneticvariationbetweenspeciesis_______.三、判斷題（總共10題，每題2分）1.RNApolymeraseisthemainenzymeinvolvedinDNAreplication.(False)2.Chlorophyllisresponsibleforthegreencolorinplants.(True)3.Downsyndromeiscausedbyanextracopyofchromosome21.(True)4.Themitochondriaareresponsibleforproteinsynthesisinacell.(False)5.Prokaryoticcellshaveanucleus.(False)6.Photosynthesisoccursinthemitochondriaofplantcells.(False)7.Insulinisprimarilyresponsibleforregulatingbloodsugarlevels.(True)8.Geneticdriftisamajorfactorinmaintaininggeneticvariationwithinapopulation.(True)9.Lipidsareamajorcomponentofthecellmembrane.(True)10.Mitosisresultsintheproductionoffourgeneticallyidenticalcells.(False)四、簡答題（總共4題，每題5分）1.Describetheprocessofphotosynthesisinplants.Photosynthesisistheprocessbywhichplantsconvertlightenergyintochemicalenergy.Itoccursinthechloroplastsandinvolvestwomainstages:thelight-dependentreactionsandthelight-independentreactions(Calvincycle).Duringthelight-dependentreactions,lightenergyiscapturedbychlorophyllandusedtoproduceATPandNADPH.Theseenergy-richmoleculesarethenusedintheCalvincycletoconvertCO2intoglucose.2.Explaintheroleofenzymesinbiologicalprocesses.Enzymesarebiologicalcatalyststhatspeedupchemicalreactionsinthebody.Theyaretypicallyproteinsandhaveaspecificthree-dimensionalstructurethatincludesanactivesite.Enzymesbindtosubstratesattheactivesite,facilitatingtheconversionofsubstratesintoproducts.Theyplayacrucialroleinvariousbiologicalprocesses,includingmetabolism,DNAreplication,andcellularsignaling.3.Discussthesignificanceofgeneticvariationinpopulations.Geneticvariationisessentialforthesurvivalandadaptationofpopulations.Itprovidestherawmaterialfornaturalselectiontoactupon,allowingpopulationstorespondtochangingenvironmentalconditions.Geneticvariationcanarisethroughmutation,geneticrecombination,andgeneflow.Itenhancestheoverallfitnessofapopulation,increasingitschancesofsurvivalandreproductivesuccess.4.Describethestructureandfunctionofthecellmembrane.Thecellmembraneisasemi-permeablebarrierthatsurroundsthecell,separatingitsinternalenvironmentfromtheexternalenvironment.Itiscomposedofaphospholipidbilayerwithembeddedproteins,cholesterol,andcarbohydrates.Thecellmembraneregulatesthemovementofsubstancesinandoutofthecell,maintainscellshape,andfacilitatescellsignalingandcommunication.五、討論題（總共4題，每題5分）1.Discusstheimpactofclimatechangeonglobalbiodiversity.Climatechangesignificantlyimpactsglobalbiodiversitybyalteringtemperatureandprecipitationpatterns,leadingtohabitatlossandfragmentation.Itaffectsthedistributionandabundanceofspecies,disruptsecologicalinteractions,andincreasestheriskofextinction.Somespeciesmayadapttochangingconditions,whileothersmaystruggletosurvive,leadingtoalossofgeneticdiversityandecosystemfunctionality.2.Explaintheroleofgeneticengineeringinmedicine.Geneticengineeringplaysacrucialroleinmedicinebyallowingthemanipulationofanorganism'sgeneticmaterialtotreatorpreventdiseases.Itenablestheproductionoftherapeuticproteins,suchasinsulinandgrowthhormones,throughrecombinantDNAtechnology.Geneticengineeringisalsousedingenetherapy,wherefaultygenesarereplacedorrepairedtotreatgeneticdisorders.Additionally,ithasapplicationsindiagnostictoolsandthedevelopmentofnewdrugs.3.DiscusstheethicalimplicationsofusingCRISPR-Cas9technologyinhumangeneediting.TheuseofCRISPR-Cas9technologyinhumangeneeditingraisessignificantethicalconcerns.Onemajorconcernisthepotentialforoff-targeteffects,whereunintendedgeneticmodificationsoccur,leadingtounintendedconsequences.Anotherethicalissueisthepotentialforgermlineediting,whichinvolvesmodifyinggenesthatcanbepassedontofuturegenerations,raisingquestionsaboutthelong-termeffectsandsocietalimplications.Additionally,thereareconcernsaboutequityandaccess,asgeneeditingtechnologiesmaybeexpensiveandlimitedtoaprivilegedfew.4.Discusstheimportanceofconservationeffortsinpreservingendangeredspecies.Conservationeffortsarecrucialinpreservingendangeredspeciestomaintainbiodiversityandecosystembalance.Endangeredspeciesplayvitalrolesintheirecosystems,andtheirlosscanhavecascadingeffectsonotherspeciesandecosystemfunctions.Conservationeffortsincludehabitatprotection,captivebreedingprograms,andreintroductionintothewild.Publicawarenessandeducationarealsoessentialtofosterasenseofresponsibilityandsupportforconservationinitiatives.答案和解析一、單項選擇題1.B2.A3.A4.B5.C6.A7.A8.B9.B10.A二、填空題1.Photosynthesis2.DNA3.Cellwall4.Respiration5.Insulin6.Geneticvariation7.Celldivision8.DNApolymerase9.Mitochondria10.Speciation三、判斷題1.False2.True3.True4.False5.False6.False7.True8.True9.True10.False四、簡答題1.Photosynthesisistheprocessbywhichplantsconvertlightenergyintochemicalenergy.Itoccursinthechloroplastsandinvolvestwomainstages:thelight-dependentreactionsandthelight-independentreactions(Calvincycle).Duringthelight-dependentreactions,lightenergyiscapturedbychlorophyllandusedtoproduceATPandNADPH.Theseenergy-richmoleculesarethenusedintheCalvincycletoconvertCO2intoglucose.2.Enzymesarebiologicalcatalyststhatspeedupchemicalreactionsinthebody.Theyaretypicallyproteinsandhaveaspecificthree-dimensionalstructurethatincludesanactivesite.Enzymesbindtosubstratesattheactivesite,facilitatingtheconversionofsubstratesintoproducts.Theyplayacrucialroleinvariousbiologicalprocesses,includingmetabolism,DNAreplication,andcellularsignaling.3.Geneticvariationisessentialforthesurvivalandadaptationofpopulations.Itprovidestherawmaterialfornaturalselectiontoactupon,allowingpopulationstorespondtochangingenvironmentalconditions.Geneticvariationcanarisethroughmutation,geneticrecombination,andgeneflow.Itenhancestheoverallfitnessofapopulation,increasingitschancesofsurvivalandreproductivesuccess.4.Thecellmembraneisasemi-permeablebarrierthatsurroundsthecell,separatingitsinternalenvironmentfromtheexternalenvironment.Itiscomposedofaphospholipidbilayerwithembeddedproteins,cholesterol,andcarbohydrates.Thecellmembraneregulatesthemovementofsubstancesinandoutofthecell,maintainscellshape,andfacilitatescellsignalingandcommunication.五、討論題1.Climatechangesignificantlyimpactsglobalbiodiversitybyalteringtemperatureandprecipitationpatterns,leadingtohabitatlossandfragmentation.Itaffectsthedistributionandabundanceofspecies,disruptsecologicalinteractions,andincreasestheriskofextinction.Somespeciesmayadapttochangingconditions,whileothersmaystruggletosurvive,leadingtoalossofgeneticdiversityandecosystemfunctionality.2.Geneticengineeringplaysacrucialroleinmedicinebyallowingthemanipulationofanorganism'sgeneticmaterialtotreatorpreventdiseases.Itenablestheproductionoftherapeuticproteins,suchasinsulinandgrowthhormones,throughrecombinantDNAtechnology.Geneticengineeringisalsousedingenetherapy,wherefaultygenesarereplacedorrepairedtotreatgeneticdisorders.Additionally,ithasapplicationsindiagnostictoolsan