專題02動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)（寒假復(fù)習(xí)講義）內(nèi)容導(dǎo)航考點(diǎn)聚焦：歸納核心考點(diǎn)&高考考點(diǎn)，有的放矢重點(diǎn)速記：重難點(diǎn)梳理，查漏補(bǔ)缺，即時鞏固復(fù)習(xí)提升：真題感知&綜合提升專練，全面突破動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)是高考英語語法的核心考點(diǎn)，時態(tài)側(cè)重動作發(fā)生的時間與狀態(tài)，語態(tài)側(cè)重動作與主語的關(guān)系（主動/被動）?？键c(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一一般現(xiàn)在時&一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)1.時態(tài)核心用法?表習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作：Igetupat7everymorning.?表客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.?表按時刻表、計(jì)劃發(fā)生的動作（如火車、航班）a.m.trainleavesat9a.m.?主從復(fù)合句中主將從現(xiàn)：Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillstayathome.2.結(jié)構(gòu)：主動為do/does;am/is/are（be動詞）；被動為am/is/are+done。3.高考易錯警示?第三人稱單數(shù)謂語動詞的變形（如watch→watches）；?集體名詞作主語時的主謂一致（如Theteamplayswell表整體，Theteamarearguing表個體）。1.Theearth______(go)aroundthesun.2.Thiskindofflower______(water)everydaytokeepitfresh.3.Myfatherusually______(watch)newsonTVafterdinner.4.Ifshe______(finish)herworkontime,shewillgototheconcert.5.ThetraintoBeijing______(leave)at8:00a.m.everyday收.6.English______(speak)inmanycountriesallovertheworld.7.Theclass______(be)veryunitedwhentheyfacethechallenge.8.Ourteacheroften______(remind)ustopayattentiontothequalityofourhomework.1.時態(tài)核心用法?表此刻/現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作：Heisreadingabooknow.?表即將發(fā)生的動作（位移動詞：go/e/leave等）：SheisleavingforBeijingtomorrow.2.結(jié)構(gòu)：主動為am/is/are+doing；被動為am/is/are+beingdone。3.高考易錯警示?瞬間動詞（如die/finish/buy）不用于進(jìn)行時表“正在發(fā)生”，可用于表“即將”；?進(jìn)行時與always連用表感情色彩（抱怨/贊揚(yáng)）：Heisalwayslateforclass.（抱怨）。1.Look!Thechildren________________(plant)treesinthepark.2.Anewlibrary________________(build)inourschoolatpresent.3.Theplane________________(take)offintenminutes,sowemusthurryup.4.He________________(always,forget)hiskeys,whichmakeshismotherangry.5.Thesedays,mycousin________________(prepare)forthecollegeentranceexamination.6.Theproblem________________(discuss)bytheexpertsrightnow.7.Hurryup!Thebus________________(leave).8.She________________(always,help)theelderlyintheneighborhood,andeveryonelikesher.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)三現(xiàn)在完成時&現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)1.時態(tài)核心用法?表過去動作對現(xiàn)在的影響/結(jié)果：Ihavefinishedmyhomework,soIcanwatchTV.?表動作從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在：Ihavelivedherefor10years.2.結(jié)構(gòu)：主動為have/has+done；被動為have/has+beendone。3.高考易錯警示?時間標(biāo)志詞since后接從句時，從句用一般過去時：Ihaveknownhersinceshewasachild.?短暫性動詞（如buy/join/die）不能與for/since引導(dǎo)的時間段連用，需轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動詞（如buy→have，join→bein）。1.Greatchanges______(take)placeinourcitysince2010.2.Theoldbridge______(build)forovertwoyearsanditwillbeputintousenextmonth.3.Mybrother______(notreturn)fromabroadyet.Weareallworriedabouthim.4.Alotofnewfunctions______(add)tothisappsinceitwaslastupdated.5.She______(keep)thisbookforthreeweeks.Sheneedstoreturnittothelibrarytomorrow.6.Uptonow,theproblem______(notsolve)pletelyarea.7.Howlong______yourfather______(work)inthispany?8.Manynewrecords______(set)inthelastvolymathicsareamatchvolymathicsmatchsinceitstarted.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)四現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時1.核心用法表動作從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，且仍在進(jìn)行，側(cè)重動作的過程（區(qū)別于現(xiàn)在完成時的“結(jié)果”）：IhavebeenstudyingEnglishfor2hours.（還在學(xué)）；對比IhavestudiedEnglishfor2hours.（已學(xué)完，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果）。2.結(jié)構(gòu)：主動為have/has+beendoing；無被動語態(tài)。3.高考易錯警示：與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)分是高頻考點(diǎn)，需根據(jù)語境判斷“側(cè)重過程”還是“側(cè)重結(jié)果”。1.She______(practise)thepianosince9o'clockthismorningandshehasn'tfinishedyet.2.Thefarmers______(work)inthefieldalldaybecauseoftheingharvest.3.Look!Thechildren______(build)asandcastleonthebeach.Theirclothesareallwetwithsand.4.Mybrother______(learn)Frenchforthreeyears,andheisstillmakingprogress.5.I______(wait)forthebusfor20minutes,butithasn'tarrived.6.Thescientist______(do)researchonAIsincelastyear,andtheprojectwillbepletednextmonth.7.Hiseyesarered.He______(cry)foralongtime,right?8.We______(discuss)theplanfortheEnglishspeechcontestrecently,andwewillmakeadecisiontomorrow.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)五一般過去時&一般過去時的被動語態(tài)1.時態(tài)核心用法表過去某一時間發(fā)生的動作/狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)：Ivisitedmygrandparentslastweek.2.結(jié)構(gòu)：主動為did;was/were（be動詞）；被動為was/were+done。3.高考易錯警示?與現(xiàn)在完成時的混淆：有明確過去時間標(biāo)志（yesterday/2020）用一般過去時，無則看是否對現(xiàn)在有影響；?規(guī)則動詞過去式的變形（如stop→stopped）和不規(guī)則動詞的記憶（如go→went）。考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)六過去進(jìn)行時&過去進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)1.時態(tài)核心用法?表過去某一時刻/時段正在進(jìn)行的動作：Iwasreadingwhenthephonerang.?與一般過去時連用，表背景動作：WhileIwascooking,mybrotherwatchedTV.2.結(jié)構(gòu)：主動為was/were+doing；被動為was/were+beingdone。3.高考易錯警示：while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，從句常用進(jìn)行時，主句用一般過去時。1.Whileshe______(prepare)dinner,thedoorbellrangsuddenly.2.Theoldbuilding______(pull)downwhenwegottotheconstructionsiteyesterday.3.I______(not,write)anemailat8o'clocklastnight;Iwaschattingwithmyfriend.4.Thestudents______(teach)paintingbyafamousartistwhentheheadmastervisitedtheclassroom.5.What______(you,do)whenyourteachercalledyoujustnow?6.Anewroad______(build)inourhometownlastwinter,sowehadtotakeadetour.7.Mysister______(practice)thepianowhilemyparents______(watch)TVyesterdayevening.8.Thesportsmeeting______(not,hold)becauseofthebadweather,butweweretolditwouldbepostponed.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)七過去完成時&過去完成時的被動語態(tài)1.時態(tài)核心用法表“過去的過去”，即動作發(fā)生在另一個過去動作之前：BythetimeIarrived,thepartyhadended.2.結(jié)構(gòu)：主動為had+done；被動為had+beendone。3.高考易錯警示?不可單獨(dú)使用，需有過去參照點(diǎn)（如bythetime/before+一般過去時）；?與一般過去時的區(qū)分：明確動作先后順序時用過去完成時。1.Bythetimethepolice______(arrive),thethief______(escape).2.Theclassroom______(clean)beforewe______(get)toschoolthismorning.3.Hesaidhe______(notsee)suchabeautifulsunsetbeforehe______(visit)thatisland.4.We______(learn)over3,000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.5.Thenovel______(translate)intoseverallanguagesbeforeit______(bee)popularworldwide.6.Sherealizedshe______(leave)herkeysintheofficeaftershe______(lock)thedoor.7.Theproject______(plete)aheadofschedulewhenthemanager______(check)theprogress.8.Theyfoundthatthebridge______(damage)bythefloodbeforetherepairteam______(arrive).考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)八過去完成進(jìn)行時1.核心用法表過去某時前持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動作，側(cè)重過程和對過去的影響：Hehadbeenworkingfor12hoursbeforehefinishedthetask.2.結(jié)構(gòu)：主動為had+beendoing；無被動語態(tài)。3.高考易錯警示：高考中側(cè)重考查動作的“持續(xù)過程”，不考被動形式，需結(jié)合語境判斷動作的延續(xù)性。1.Bythetimethefiremenarrived,thefactory________(burn)forhalfanhour.2.Shewasoutofbreathbecauseshe________(run)allthewaytothestation.3.Theytoldmethatthey________(prepare)fortheexamsincethebeginningofthemonth.4.WhenIfinallymethim,he________(work)inthispanyfortenyears.5.Thegroundwaswet.It________(rain)heavilyforawholenight.6.Hesaidhe________(learn)Englishforfiveyearsbeforehewentabroad.7.We________(discuss)theproblemfortwohourswhentheteachercamein.8.Thelittleboywasverytired.He________(play)footballontheplaygroundsince3o'clock.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)九一般將來時&一般將來時的被動語態(tài)1.時態(tài)核心用法?will/shalldo：表臨時決定、預(yù)測：Iwillhelpyouwithyourhomework.（臨時決定）?begoingtodo：表計(jì)劃、意圖或根據(jù)跡象預(yù)測：Itisgoingtorain.（跡象）2.結(jié)構(gòu)：主動為will/shalldo;begoingtodo；被動為willbedone;begoingtobedone。3.高考易錯警示：begoingto與will的用法區(qū)分，需根據(jù)“計(jì)劃/跡象”還是“臨時決定”判斷。1.Bythetimehefinallyarrivedatthestation,he______(wait)forthetrainforovertwohours.2.Lookatthedarkclouds!It______(rain)heavilysoon.3.Anewlibrary______(build)inourschoolnextterm,sowewillhavemorebookstoread.4.—Ileftmyphoneintheclassroom.—Don’tworry.I______(get)itforyourightnow.5.She______(study)Englishforfiveyearsbeforeshewentabroadforfurthereducation.6.Ifwedon’tprotecttheenvironment,manywildanimals______(disappear)fromtheearthinthefuture.7.Thesportsmeeting______(hold)ontheplaygroundnextmonthiftheweatherisfine.8.—WhywasTomsotired?—He______(work)onthefarmallthemorningbeforehecameback.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)十過去將來時&過去將來時的被動語態(tài)1.時態(tài)核心用法表“過去視角的未來”，常用在said/told/thought后的賓語從句中：Shesaidshewouldvisitusthenextday.2.結(jié)構(gòu)：主動為would/shoulddo;was/weregoingtodo；被動為wouldbedone;was/weregoingtobedone。3.高考易錯警示：主句用一般過去時，從句表將來需用過去將來時。1.Shetoldmethatshe________(buy)anewdressthenextweek.2.Themanagersaidtheproject________(plete)bytheendofthemonth.3.Theythoughtthey________(notgo)totheconcertbecauseoftherain.4.Iwassurethattheletter________(send)tomyparentsthenextday.5.Heaskedwhenthemeeting________(start)thefollowingweek.6.Theteacherannouncedthatanewpetition________(hold)inourschoolsoon.7.Shesaidshe________(prepare)fortheexam,soshecouldn'tetotheparty.8.Theworkersweretoldthattheirsalaries________(increase)thenextmonth.真題感知1.（2024·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空）Twoyearslater,asixmetertallpavilion,inspiredbyThePeonyPavilion,61(build)attheFirstGarden,justtenminutes’walkfromShakespeare’sbirthplace.2.（2024·浙江1月卷·語法填空）Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarkets__________(start)sellingchickenorsaladinpacksdesignedwithtwohalvescontainingseparateportions.3.（2024·北京卷·語法填空）OnApril5,2024,JohnTinniswood15(name)theworld’soldestlivingman.4.（2024·新課標(biāo)III卷·語法填空）Whenheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendaryartist,theysmiledand66．(point)downtheriver.5.（2024·浙江6月卷·語法填空）We__________(hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate,andthenrodetothetopofthemountain.6.（2025·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空）Todate,China’shighspeedrailproductsandtechnology__________(export)tonearly100countriesandregionsonsixcontinents.7.（2025·北京卷·語法填空）Sincethenewlibraryopenedlastyear,it__________(attract)morethan50,000visitors,includingmanystudentsfromnearbyschools.8.（2025·浙江1月卷·語法填空）Atpresent,thelocalgovernment__________(take)measurestoprotecttheancientbuildings,whichhaveahistoryofover300years.9.（2025·江蘇卷·語法填空）Theoldtemple__________(restore)severaltimesinthepastdecade,anditnowlooksasmagnificentasitdidwhenfirstbuilt.10.（2025·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空）Bythetimetheprojectispletednextyear,we__________(spend)morethantwoyearsontheresearchanddevelopment.綜合提升練一、單項(xiàng)選擇（10題）1.Thelibrary______at8a.m.everydayandit______nowbecauseoftherenovation.A.opens;isclosedB.isopened;closesC.open;isclosing2.—What’sthatnoise?—Theworkers______theroadoutsideourhouse.A.repairB.arerepairingC.haverepaired3.We______eachothersincewegraduatedfromhighschoolin2018.A.didn’tseeB.haven’tseenC.don’tsee4.She______intheofficeforthreehoursandsheisstillbusynow.A.hasbeenworkingB.workedC.works5.Theletter______bymymotherwhenIgothomeyesterday.A.waswritingB.wasbeingwrittenC.hasbeenwritten6.Bythetimehearrivedatthestation,thetrain______already______.A.has;leftB.had;leftC.was;leaving7.Ifitrainstomorrow,we______thesportsmeeting.A.willcancelB.cancelC.cancelled8.Hesaidhe______toBeijingthenextdayforabusinesstrip.A.willgoB.wouldgoC.goes9.Theoldbridge______fortwoyearsanditwillbeopennextmonth.A.hasbeenbuiltB.hasbeenbeingbuiltC.built10.WhileI______TV,thedoorbellrangsuddenly.A.watchedB.waswatchingC.havewatched二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空（10題）1.Mymotherusually______(cook)dinnerat6p.m.,buttodayshe______(cook)inthekitchennow.2.Thelittleboy______(break)theglassjustnowandhe______(punish)byhisfatheralready.3.They______(work)onthisprojectforfivemonthsandthey______(finish)itnextmonth.4.WhenIcamein,she______(read)abookandshe______(notnotice)meatall.5.Bytheendoflastyear,thefactory______(produce)10,000carsandallofthem______(sell)out.6.Thesportsmeeting______(hold)inourschooleveryautumnandit______(hold)nextweekthisyear.7.Hetoldmethathe______(learn)Englishfor8yearsandhe______(go)toEnglandtostudysoon.8.Look!Thechildren______(play)footballontheplaygroundandthey______(play)fortwohoursalready.9.Thewindow______(clean)bytheworkerwhenIpassedtheclassroomyesterdayafternoon.10.Asweallknow,theearth______(go)aroundthesunandthistruth______(discover)byCopernicuslongago.三、語法選擇（10題）1.Anewhospital______inourcitynowandit______nextyear.A.isbuilt;willfinishB.isbeingbuilt;willbefinishedC.builds;finishes2.I______thisbookforthreedaysandI______ityet.A.haveread;don’tfinishB.havebeenreading;haven’tfinishedC.read;didn’tfinish3.—DidyouseeTomyesterday?—No,he______toLondononbusinesswhenIcalledhim.A.hasgoneB.hadgoneC.went4.Ifyou______hard,you______goodgradesintheexam.A.study;willgetB.studied;gotC.willstudy