學術論文標題與摘要翻譯20XX/01/01xxx標題的三大功能提供文章的主題和內容信息功能激發(fā)讀者閱讀欲望祈使功能簡潔明快,新穎醒目美學功能標題的分類TheFunctionsoftheUnitedFrontinConstructingSocialistHarmoniousSociety論統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線在構建社會主義和諧社會中的作用OnLegalLanguageandJudicialImpartiality略論法律語言和司法公正1.動賓結構:論……;淺論……;略談……單擊此處添加頁面標題AnAnalysisofIssuesConcerning“AcidRain”名詞短語式:……分析;……反思;……研究等酸雨問題的分析研究ReflectionsonResearchesofEducationalPhilosophy教育哲學研究的反思單擊此處添加頁面標題CulturalTieandNationalUnity并列結構式:十多個名詞或名詞詞組的并列組合文化紐帶和國家統(tǒng)一TheHumanisticEffectsoftheGlobalizationofEnglishandItsNativizationinChina英語全球化及其在中國本土化的人文影響單擊此處添加標題陳述句式標題:完整的句子或省掉主語的句子UniversitiesShouldPayMoreAttentiontoMarxistReligionView高校應重視馬克思主義宗教觀教育單擊此處添加標題疑問句式標題EducationalHistory:WhereDoesItLoseItsWay?HowDidHuman’sBrainEvolve?教育歷史:迷失在何處?人的大腦是如何進化的?單擊此處添加標題帶有副標題的標題翻譯學——藝術論與科學論的統(tǒng)一Translatics:UniformationofArtTheoryandScientificTheory縱橫大化中,不喜亦不懼——論著名翻譯家、學者季羨林先生ProfilesofTranslators:JiXianlin(1911-2009)摘要描述型摘要（descriptiveabstracts）,也叫指示型摘要（indicativeabstracts）,描述或指出論文所論及的范圍，課題的基本內容，主要實驗、實踐活動以及取得的主要數(shù)據(jù)和結果。對研究或論文本身不做評價，一般字數(shù)在100字左右。單擊此處添加標題資料型摘要（informativeabstracts）,也稱信息型摘要,不僅說明研究目的、提出問題的原因，表明研究的范圍和重要性以及方式、方法，而且還較為詳細地總結研究數(shù)據(jù)、結論及意義和價值。這類摘要更具體、更精確，只讀摘要就可了解原文中的大部分信息。摘要的構成研究目的或背景結果結論研究方法或過程摘要的結構特點01短小精悍:100-1000字02類別分明03結構固定:開頭,展開和結尾04內容完整摘要的語言特點多用長句第三者視角不使用圖、表等。單擊此處添加標題Students’expectationsof,andexperiencesine-learning:TheirrelationtolearningachievementsandcoursesatisfactionWithinonlyafewyears,theuseofe-learninghasincreasedrapidlyinAustria.Incertainsubjects,upto60%ofuniversitystudentsreportusinge-learningplatformsatleast‘sometimes’or‘frequently’(Unger&Wroblewski,2006).Yet,whichaspectsofe-learningdostudentsconsiderimportantfortheirlearningachievementsandcoursesatisfaction?Thisquestionwasaddressedbysurveying2196studentsfrom29universitiesinAustriaabouttheirexpectationsof,andexperiencesine-learning.MultipleregressionanalysesusingMplus4.21werecarriedouttoinvestigatehowdifferentfacetsofstudents’expectationsandexperiencesarerelatedtoperceivedlearningachievementsandcoursesatisfaction.

Withregardtotheirexpectations,i.e.,aspectsofacoursetheyconsiderimportant,students’achievementgoalswerethebestpredictorsforsuccessandrankedhigherthanothercoursecharacteristics.Withregardtotheirexperiences,students’assessmentsoftheinstructor’sexpertiseinelearning,andher/hiscounselingandsupportwerethebestpredictorsforlearningachievementandcoursesatisfaction.Furthermore,self-regulatedandcollaborativelearningwererelatedtolearningachievements.Theresultsofthestudysuggesttoinfluencestudents’motivationandgoalsbyadaptinginstructionaccordinglyandemphasizetheimportanceofcontinuingeducationandtrainingfortheinstructors.優(yōu)秀外語教師專業(yè)素質探究本研究對我國30所高校的213名優(yōu)秀英語教師進行了調查，旨在回答兩個問題（1）他們的專業(yè)素質框架和內涵是什么？（2）他們怎樣成長為教學效果好、深受學生喜愛的教師？本文基于調查結果構建了我國高校優(yōu)秀英語教師的專業(yè)素質框架，闡釋了其內涵。該框架由四個維度組成：外語學科教學能力、外語教師職業(yè)觀和職業(yè)道德、外語教學觀、外語教師學習和發(fā)展觀。文章討論了四個維度的內涵及相互關系。AbstractThisstudyproposesaprofessionalprofileforeffectiveuniversityEFLteachers,basedonanessentiallyqualitativestudyof213suchteachersfrom30universitiesacrossChina.Theproposedprofileconsistsoffourrelateddimensions:Englishlanguagepedagogicalcontentcompetence,viewoftheforeignlanguageteachingprofessionandprofessionalethics,viewofforeignlanguageteachingandlearning,andviewoflanguageteacherlearninganddevelopment.Thenatureandrelationsbetweenitsfourcomponentsarediscussed.中國古典詩詞譯解方法之淺見人們對于傳世漢籍的譯解和詮釋有一個大致相同之處,即為今所用、為己所用。中國古典詩詞譯解方法亦秉持這種態(tài)度。就個人積年研究所得,大致有以下四點見解奉獻給讀者。單擊此處添加標題（1）在譯解詩詞時，要準確理解字詞的本義或引申義，對于字詞的多義性又要審慎辨析。（2）在譯解詩詞時，要準確把握詩詞中意象的特色，正確地領會詩詞中典故的含義（3）在譯解時，必須把握詩詞的文體特點，既要細細梳理其篇章結構，又要細細體味流淌在字里行間的情感脈絡，從整體上把握好全詩的抒情特質。在譯解時,力求知人論世,搞清楚詩人寫作詩詞的背景,包括社會環(huán)境和個人遭遇等,同時也應積極以意逆志,盡量撰情度理,以合理的聯(lián)想進行合理的補充。單擊此處添加標題單擊此處添加標題TherearefourelementsintheworkofinterpretingChinesepoetry.First,oneshouldunderstandwithaccuracytheliteralsenseaswellastheextendedmeaningofawordorphrase.Second,oneshouldpaycloseattentiontothecharacteristicsofimageryandmeaningsofallusions.單擊此處添加標題Third,oneshouldexaminecarefullythestylisticfeaturesofthepoetryinthesenseofbothdelineatingthestructuresandreadingbetweenthelinesforanoverallunderstandingofthelyricfeatures.Fourth,oneshouldtrytogetasmuchbackgroundinformationaboutthepoetsaspossiblebystudyingthesocialenvironmentandtheirlifeexperiences.Whatcanalsobehelpfulissomeuseofimaginationwhennecessary.ConsumersupportforapublicutilitiescommissioninHongKong01HongKong'selectricityserviceissuperblyreliableandprice-reasonablewhencomparedtothoseofthemajorcitiesintheOECDcountries.BasedontherateofreturnregulationintheU.S.,thecurrentschemeofcontrolagreement(SCA)regulatingthetwolocalintegratedinvestor-ownedutilities(IOUs)willexpirein2018(orin2023afteranoptional5-yearextension),thusofferinganopportunetimetoconsiderproposalswithlongleadtimetomodifyorreplacetheSCA.TheproposalsmadetodaterangefrommodificationsoftheSCAtoelectricitymarketrestructure.Theseproposals,however,overlooktwoimportantaspectsofregulatorygovernance:transparencyandpublicinv