汽車專業(yè)英語(yǔ)ENALI

SH

●●●●●4-1

Kinds

of

Electric

Vehicles電動(dòng)汽車的種類●

4-2

Structure

of

Battery

Electric

Vehicle純電動(dòng)汽車結(jié)構(gòu)●4-3

Classification

Based

on

HEV

Drive

Structure基于混合動(dòng)力電動(dòng)汽車動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)形

式的分類●4-4

Other

Types

of

HEV其他類型的混合動(dòng)力電動(dòng)汽車CHAPTER4OverviewofElectricVehicles

電動(dòng)汽車概述4-1

Kinds

of

Electric

Vehicles

電動(dòng)汽車的種類Differentkindsof

electric

vehicleareshowninFigure4-1.

不同種類的電動(dòng)汽車如圖4

-

1所示。a)Battery

Electric

Vehicle(BEV)純電動(dòng)汽車b)Hybrid

Electric

Vehicle(HEV)混合動(dòng)力(電動(dòng))汽車c)FuelCell

ElectricVehicle(FCEV)

燃料電池電動(dòng)汽車Electricity一PropulsionFigure4-1

Different

Kinds

of

Electric

Vehicle不同種類的電動(dòng)汽車Chorgingb)一Propulsion1battery蓄電池2batteryPack蓄電池包3motor電機(jī)4fuel

cell燃料電池5combustion

engine內(nèi)燃機(jī)6electricity電流7fuel燃料8hydrogen氫氣9hydrogen

tank儲(chǔ)氫罐10fuel

tank燃油箱(內(nèi)燃機(jī)),燃料罐(燃料電池)11fuel

tank

neck燃油箱加注口(內(nèi)燃機(jī)),燃料罐加注口(燃料電池)12electricengineandtransmission電動(dòng)機(jī)和變速器13Propulsion推進(jìn)力本課新單詞cell[sel]n.蓄電池，單體蓄電池；單元chargeable['t?α:d3?b(a)l]adj.可充電的electric[1'lektrik]adj.電的；帶電的；導(dǎo)電的，發(fā)電的，電動(dòng)的electricity[1.lek'tris?ti]n.電，電學(xué)；電流，電力externally[1k'st3:n?li]n

.

外

部(

面

)

的fully['foli]adv.完全地，充分地hydrogen['haidrod3?n]n.氫氣，氫hybrid['haibrid]adj.混合的n.混合動(dòng)力(電動(dòng))汽車kind[kaind]n.種；類neck[nek]n.加注口；(連)接管；頸部pack[p?k]n

.

包

；(

一

)

組plug-in插入式propulsion[pra'pal?(?)n]n

.

推

進(jìn)(

力

)

,

驅(qū)

動(dòng)本課新單詞An

electric

vehicle(EV)is

a

car

powered

entirely

by

electricity,using

batteries

and

electric

motors

rather

than

a

traditional

internal

combustion

engine.This

fundamental

difference

distin-guishes

EVs

in

theautomotiveworld

byofferingacleaner

alternative

to

gasoline-poweredve-hicles.EVs

have

becomeasymboloftechnologicaladvancementandenvironmentalconsciousness.They

represent

a

significant

shift

in

automotive

design,focusing

on

renewable

energy

sources

and

reducing

relianceonfossilfuels.Thisshift

is

crucial

in

addressing

global

environmental

concerns

like

air

pollution

andclimate

change.The

rise

of

EVs

has

also

encouraged

advancements

in

battery

technology

and

charginginfra-

structure,makingthem

more

accessible

and

practicalfor

daily

use.Additionally,the

adoption

of

EVs

has

influenced

urban

planning

and

energy

policies,encouraging

a

more

holistic

approach

to

sustainableliving.In

summary,an

electric

vehicle

is

not

just

a

car

but

a

key

element

in

the

global

push

for

a

sus-tainable

and

eco-friendlyfuture.What

isan

EV?閱讀材料◆閱讀材料什么是電動(dòng)汽車?電動(dòng)汽車(EV)是一種完全由電力驅(qū)動(dòng)的汽車，使用蓄電池和電動(dòng)機(jī)，而不是傳統(tǒng)的內(nèi)燃機(jī)。這一根本區(qū)別使電動(dòng)汽車在汽車領(lǐng)域脫穎而出，因?yàn)樗鼈兲峁┝吮绕蛣?dòng)力車輛更清潔的替代品。電動(dòng)汽車已經(jīng)成為技術(shù)進(jìn)步和環(huán)保的象征。它們代表了汽車設(shè)計(jì)的重大轉(zhuǎn)變，專注于可再生能源并減少對(duì)化石燃料的依賴。這一轉(zhuǎn)變對(duì)于解決空氣污染和氣候變化等全球環(huán)境問(wèn)題至關(guān)重要。電動(dòng)汽車的興起也促進(jìn)了電池技術(shù)和充電基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的進(jìn)步，使其在日常使用中更容易獲得、更實(shí)用。此外，電動(dòng)汽車的使用還影響了城市規(guī)劃和能源政策，鼓勵(lì)了更全面的可持續(xù)生活方式。總之，電動(dòng)汽車不僅僅是一輛車，它是全球邁向更可持續(xù)和環(huán)保未來(lái)的關(guān)鍵組成部分。advancement[ed'va:nsm?nt]n.進(jìn)步；前進(jìn)alternative[?:I't3:n?tiv]n.替代(換)物；可采用的方法automotive

world汽車領(lǐng)域(世界)become[bi'k?m]V.變成，成為charging[tJα:d31n]n.充電，充氣；裝載，加注encouraging[in'kArid3i?]adj.鼓勵(lì)的，促進(jìn)的，支持的(源自動(dòng)詞encourage)entirely[1n'tai?li]adv.完全地；完全地；全部地environmental[in.vair?n'ment(a)l]adj.環(huán)境的fossil

fuels['fos(a)I]['fju:?lz]n.化石燃料friendly['frendli]adj.友好的fundamental[.f?nd?'ment(a)l]adj.根本的，基本的future['fju:t??(r)]n.未來(lái)(生活方式),將來(lái)infrastructure['infrestraktJ?(r)]n.基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施policies['pplasiz]n.政策(policy的復(fù)數(shù))powered['pavad]adj.〔構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞〕以.…為動(dòng)力的；裝有發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的rather

than而不是symbol['simb(a)l]n.象征；記號(hào)，符號(hào)traditional[tr?'d1?(o)ni]adj.傳統(tǒng)的生詞短語(yǔ)注解4-2Structureof

Battery

ElectricVehicle純電動(dòng)汽車結(jié)構(gòu)Components

and

construction

of

BEV

are

shown

in

Figure

4-2.純電動(dòng)汽車零部件如圖4-2所示。-12Vsupply一

Communication—

HV

supply一

Hydraulic

linesb)Figure

4-2

Components

and

Construction

of

BEV純電動(dòng)汽車零部件和結(jié)構(gòu)a)Componentsof

BEVb)Constructionof

BEV1BatteryElectricVehicle(BEV),FullyElectricCar,PureElectricVehicle純電動(dòng)汽車2electric

machine(e-machine)蓄電池包3reduction-gear

unit(single-or

multi-stage)減速機(jī)構(gòu)模塊(單級(jí)或多級(jí))4traction

battery(HV

battery)動(dòng)力蓄電池(高壓蓄電池)5battery-managementsystem蓄電池管理系統(tǒng)6DC/DCconverterDC/DC變換器7power

electronics(inverter)電源電子裝置(逆變器)8vehicle

controlunit車輛控制模塊9regenerativebrakingsystem再生制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)10charging

socket(inlet,port)車載充電器11onboard

charger12V電源1212V

supply通信13communication推進(jìn)力14HV

supply高壓電源15hydraulic

lines液壓管路Figure4-2charger['t?α:d3?(r)n.充電器communication[kamju:ni'kei?(?)n]n.通信；交通current['k?r?nt]n.電流；水流；氣流DC=direct

current直流電direct[d?'rekt]adj.直接的；筆直的，一直線的HV=high

voltage高

(電

)

壓hydraulic[hai'dr?:lik]adj.液壓(力)的；液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)的integrated['intigrertid]adj.集成的，成一體的inlet['inlet]n

.

入口

(

孔

)inverter[in'v3:t?(r)]n.逆變器on-board車載的，車內(nèi)的port[p?!t]n.口，孔reduction[ri'd?k?(o)n]n.減速，縮減regenerative[ri'dzen?r?t1v]adj.再生的，反饋的socket['spkit]n.插座，插口[孔];套筒扳手supply[s?'plai]n

.

電

源

；

n

/

v

.

供

給traction['tr?kjn]n.牽引，拖拉Figure

4-2本課新單詞純電動(dòng)汽車是一種僅使用存儲(chǔ)在可充電蓄電池組中的化學(xué)能的電動(dòng)汽車，沒(méi)有二次推進(jìn)源。BEV

使用電機(jī)和電機(jī)控制器代替內(nèi)燃機(jī)進(jìn)行推進(jìn)。它們的全部動(dòng)力都來(lái)自蓄電池組，因此沒(méi)有內(nèi)燃機(jī)、燃料電池或油箱。與傳統(tǒng)內(nèi)燃機(jī)(ICE)

汽車相比，純電動(dòng)汽車(BEVs)相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單且易于操作。最簡(jiǎn)單的動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)包括高壓蓄電池、帶電機(jī)控制器的電機(jī)和單速變速器。Abatteryelectricvehicle,pureelectric

vehicle

or

fully

electric

vehicle

is

a

type

of

electric

vehicle

thatexclusivelyuseschemicalenergystored

in

rechargeable

battery

packs,with

nosecond-ary

source

of

propulsion.BEVs

use

electric

motors

and

motor

controllers

instead

of

internal

com-bustion

engines.They

derive

all

power

from

battery

packs

and

thus

have

no

internal

combustion

engine,fuel

cell,or

fuel

tank.attery

electric

vehicles(BEVs)compared

to

classic

internal

com-bustion

engine

(ICE)vehicles

are

relativelysimple

and

easy

to

operate.The

simplestpowertrainarchitecture

consists

of

ahigh

voltagebattery,anelectricmotorwith

powerelectronics

controller

and

a

single

speed

gearbox.Battery

ElectricVehicle(BEV)

純電動(dòng)汽車◆閱讀材料also['?:ls?u]adv.亦，也，同樣also

called也稱為architecture['α:kitekt??(r)]n.構(gòu)造，結(jié)構(gòu)bicycle['baisik(?)l]n.

自行車chemical['kemik(a)l]adj.化學(xué)的distinguish[di'stingwI?]v.區(qū)別；識(shí)別exclusively[1k'sklu:sivli]adj.獨(dú)有的，唯一的include

but

are

not

limited包括，但不限于powertrain['pava(r)tre?n]n.動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)pure[pju?(r)]adj

.

純(粹)的rechargeable[ri'tfα:d3?bl]adj.再充電的，可充電的scooter['skut?r]n.小型電動(dòng)自行車(原指小型摩托車：一種低座、小輪輕便摩托車，通常為踏板式),踏板車simple['simp(a)l]adj.簡(jiǎn)單的；易做的；單純的single

speed單速的source[sors]n.

源

(

頭

)Figure

4-2生詞短語(yǔ)注解4-3Classification

BasedonHEV

DriveStructure基于混合動(dòng)力電動(dòng)汽車動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)形式的分類Schematic

diagram

of

series

hybrid

electic

vehicle

is

shown

in

Figure

4-4.串聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力電動(dòng)汽車簡(jiǎn)圖如圖4-4所示。a)Drivestructure

驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置結(jié)構(gòu)b)Energy

flow

能量流565

b)Figure

4-4

Schematic

Diagram

of

Series

Hybrid

electric

Vehicle(SHEV)

串聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力電動(dòng)汽車簡(jiǎn)圖1IC

engine內(nèi)燃機(jī)2fuel

tank燃油箱3electrical

machines電機(jī)4final-drive

unit主減速器裝置5pulse-controlled

inverter脈沖控制逆變器6battery蓄電池Figure4-3Figure4-3Schematic

diagrams

of

parallel

hybrid

electric

vehicle

architectur

are

shown

in

Figure

4-5.并聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力電動(dòng)汽車結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖如圖4-5所示。b)d)Figure4-5Schematicdiagramofparallelhybrid

electricvehicle(PHEV)architecture并聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力電動(dòng)汽車結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖1IC

engine內(nèi)燃機(jī)2manualtransmission手動(dòng)變速器3electrical

machine電機(jī)4traction

battery動(dòng)力蓄電池5final-drive

differential主減速器差速器6powertake-upelement(clutchor

converter)動(dòng)力輸出元件(離合器或變換器)7interrupting

clutch斷開(kāi)離合器1fuel

tank燃油箱2electrical

machines電機(jī)3clutch離合器4final-drive

unit主減速器裝置5pulse-controlled

inverter脈沖控制逆變器6battery蓄電池Figure4-3Figure

4-5

Schematic

diagram

of

parallel

hybrid

electric

vehicle(PHEV)architecture并聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力電動(dòng)汽車結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖(續(xù))Figure4-3Figure4-3Sohematic

diagrams

of

combined

hybrid

electric

vehicle

are

shown

in

Figure

4-6.混聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力電動(dòng)汽車簡(jiǎn)圖如圖4-

6所示。a)Drive

structure

驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置結(jié)構(gòu)b)Energy

flow能量流6a)b)Figure4-6Schematic

diagram

of

combined

hybrid

electric

vehicle(CHEV)

混聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力電動(dòng)汽車簡(jiǎn)圖based

on以…為基礎(chǔ)，根據(jù)，基于combined[k?m'baind]n.混聯(lián)的，組(復(fù))合的element['elim?nt]n

.

元(部，構(gòu))件，(濾清器)濾芯interrupting[.Int?'r?ptin]斷開(kāi)，切斷，停止mostly['m?us(t)li]adv.通常，主要地parallel['p?ralel]n.平行(線),并聯(lián)，

adj.并聯(lián)[列]的，平行的pulse[p?ls]n.脈沖series['si?ri:z]n.串聯(lián)，(電機(jī))串勵(lì)；連續(xù)；系列，批本課新單詞The

series-parallel

hybrid

system

uses

an

electric

motor

to

drive

the

vehicle

at

low

loads

and

speeds

and

the

gasoline

engine

when

loads

and

speeds

increase.The

electric

motor

and

the

gasoline

engine

can

work

individually

or

together,depending

on

the

power

required

to

drive

the

vehicle.In

addition,as

thesystem

drives

the

wheels,the

combustion

engine

drives

a

generator

to

simultane-ously

generateelectricity

to

recharge

the

battery

when

necessary.Acontrolunit

determines

the

best

balance

ofengine

and

electric

power

to

achieve

the

most

ef-ficient

vehicle

operation.The

combustion

engine

operates

within

its

most

efficient

range

reducingexhaust

emissions

by80%to

90%compared

to

conventional

vehicles.The

electric

motor

uses

power

from

a

high

voltage

battery,which

is

charged

by

the

internalcombustion

engine,and

by

reclaiming

the

waste

energy

of

decelerating

or

braking.串并聯(lián)混合動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)使用電動(dòng)機(jī)在低負(fù)載和低速下驅(qū)動(dòng)車輛，在負(fù)載和速度增加時(shí)使用汽油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)。電動(dòng)

機(jī)和汽油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)可以單獨(dú)工作，也可以一起工作，具體取決于驅(qū)動(dòng)車輛所需的功率。此外，當(dāng)系統(tǒng)驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪時(shí)，內(nèi)燃機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)電機(jī)同時(shí)發(fā)電，在必要時(shí)為蓄電池充電?？刂茊卧_定發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和電力的最佳平衡，以實(shí)現(xiàn)最高效的車輛運(yùn)行。內(nèi)燃機(jī)在其最有效的范圍內(nèi)運(yùn)行，從而使

車輛的廢氣排放與傳統(tǒng)車輛相比減少80%～90%。電動(dòng)機(jī)使用動(dòng)力蓄電池的電力，該蓄電池由內(nèi)燃機(jī)充電，并回收減速或制動(dòng)的能量。Series-Parallel

Hybrid

ElectricVehicle(SPHEV)串并聯(lián)混合動(dòng)力電動(dòng)汽車(SPHEV)閱讀材料achieve[?'tJi:v]v.實(shí)現(xiàn)；完成，做到advantage[?d'vα:ntid?]n.優(yōu)點(diǎn)，長(zhǎng)處become[bi'k?m]V.變成，成為，轉(zhuǎn)為，變得〔后接名詞、形容詞和分詞等述語(yǔ)〕best[best]adj

.

最佳(好)的between[bi'twi:n]prep.位于…之間；處在…之間circumvent[S3:k?m'vent]v.設(shè)法防止；用以超過(guò)；規(guī)避determine[di't3:min]v.決定；確定depending[di'pend??]取決于，因…而定disadvantage[dis?d'vα:ntid?]n.不利，缺點(diǎn)double['d?b(?)l]adj.雙的；加倍的establish[1'st?bl??]v.建立；確立；設(shè)立；確定extended[1k'stendid]adj.延長(zhǎng)的，展開(kāi)的；擴(kuò)大的increase[1n'kri:s]v.增加，增大，增強(qiáng)individually[.indi'vid?u?li]adv.單獨(dú)地，個(gè)別地mechanical[m?'k?nik(a)l]adj.機(jī)械的recharge[ri:'t?α:d3]V.

(給…再)充電reclaim[ri'kleim]V.再生；利用；回收生詞短語(yǔ)注解resulting結(jié)果，從而使simultaneously[isaim(a)I'teiniasli]adv.同時(shí)(發(fā)生)的since[sins]conj.…以來(lái)，從……以后sufficient[s?1fi?(?)nt]adj.充分的，足夠的together[ta'geo?(r)]adv.一起，共同地waste[weist]adj.多余的生詞短語(yǔ)注解4-4OtherTypes

of

HEV其他類型的混合動(dòng)力電動(dòng)汽車Schematic

diagrams

of

micro-hybrid

electric

vehicle(MHEV)are

shown

in

Figure

4-7.微混合動(dòng)力電動(dòng)汽車簡(jiǎn)圖如圖4-7所示。a)Conventional

SystemwithStarter

帶起動(dòng)機(jī)的傳統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)b)SystemwithBelt-Driven

Starter帶帶驅(qū)動(dòng)的起動(dòng)發(fā)電機(jī)系統(tǒng)10a)

b)Figure

4-7

Schematicdiagramofmicro-hybridelectricvehicle(MHEV)

微混合動(dòng)力電動(dòng)汽車簡(jiǎn)圖extendedrange

electric

vehicle增程式電動(dòng)汽車(EREV)plug-inhybrid

electricvehicle插電式混合動(dòng)力(電動(dòng))汽車(PHEV)1IC

engine內(nèi)燃機(jī)2fuel

tank油箱3clutch離合器4transmission變速器5final-drive

unit主減速器裝置6battery蓄電池7start/stop-capable

starter可起動(dòng)/停止的起動(dòng)機(jī)8starter

control起動(dòng)機(jī)控制912V

startergenerator,belt-driven

startergenerator12V起動(dòng)發(fā)電機(jī)，帶驅(qū)動(dòng)的起動(dòng)發(fā)電機(jī)10power

electronics電力電子裝置Figure4-4['markr??]adj.

微(型)的，小的[maild]adj.

輕度的，輕微的；溫和的['^e?(r)]adj.別的，另外的，其他的[reind3]n.范圍；距離；(車輛)續(xù)駛里程本課新單詞micromild

other

range●●●●閱讀材料Extended

range

electric

vehicles(EREVs)are

vehicles

in

which

propulsion

power

is

provided

almostentirely

by

an

electric

unit.They

are

additionally

equipped

with

a

small

internal

combustion

engine

togenerate

additional

energy.These

vehicles

are

often

seen

as

series

hybrids

with

a

much

larger

battery,thecapacity

of

which

is

usually

10

to

20kW

·h.What

is

a

plug-in

hybrid?Aplug-in

hybridelectric

vehicle(PHEV)has

both

a

combustion

engine

and

an

electric

motor.Eachone