OralandMaxillofacial

MedicalImaging

PanoramicAnatomyThefollowingisaPowerPointpresentation.Ifyourightclickonthescreenandselect“FullScreen”,theimagesshouldfilltheentirescreen.Thedirectionsonslide8forprintingthe“PanoramicAnatomyKey”willnotworkinthisfull-screenmode.Youmustright-click,select“EndShow”andthenrightclickagainonslideyouwanttoprintandselect“Print”.TypesofPanoramicImages

SingleRealImage

DoubleRealImageGhostImages

SingleRealImageOnlyoneimageresultsfromagivenanatomicalstructure.Mostimagesseenonapanoramicfilmareofthistype.

DoubleRealImageTwoimagesofasingleobjectwhichislocatedinthemidline.Structuresthatproducethesedoublerealimagesincludethehard&softpalate,hyoidboneandcervicalspine.

GhostImageUsuallycausedbyexternalobjectssuchasearringsbutmaybeproducedbydenseanatomicalstructuressuchasthemandible2423282718171914131520810972937383330393511216112163132254263435362224140474546434442

PanoramicAnatomyKey

1.maxillarysinus2.pterygomaxillaryfissure3.pterygoidplates4.hamulus5.zygomaticarch6.articulareminence7.zygomaticotemporalsuture8.zygomaticprocess9.externalauditorymeatusmastoidprocessmiddlecranialfossalateralborderoftheorbitinfraorbitalridgeinfraorbitalforameninfraorbitalcanalnasalfossanasalseptumanteriornasalspineinferiorconchaincisiveforamenhardpalatemaxillarytuberositycondylecoronoidprocess25.sigmoidnotch26.medialsigmoiddepression27.styloidprocess28.cervicalvertebrae29.externalobliqueridge30.mandibularcanal31.mandibularforamen32.lingula33.mentalforamen34.submandibularglandfossa35.internalobliqueridge36.mentalfossa37.mentalridges38.genialtubercles39.hyoidbone40.tongue41.softpalate42.uvula43.posteriorpharyngealwall44.earlobe45.glossopharyngealairspace46.nasopharyngealairspace47.palatoglossalairspaceYoumayprintthispagebyright-clickingandselecting“Print”

95252814331218171913227396332552891214181719221376398201115116330443223231263834248201115123304432233138341624264404343424241214021464641454547473641387111434746452819171861621Redarrowspointtoghostimageofhardpalate233991132028174443202231transverseforamenatlas153427646471915178132N402736ELN?40218845?Identifiescalcification,possiblyincarotidorinlymphnodeepiglottis3387464732129321134Redarrowidentifiesstaticelectricity,causedbyremovingthefilmtooquicklyfromthecassetteorfromtheboxoffilm(createsfriction,whichresultsinastaticdischarge).330927116442036ghostofmandible42101427nose244739Leadapronlocatedtoohighonbackofpatient’sneck.92326712aircellAircellinzygomaticarch.7272624223830ghostofmandible47451065739152123930Notetherelativelyinferiorlocationofthemandibularcanal(30),providingplentyofroomfortheimplant.129312426Patternonrightsideoffilm(patient’sleft)causedbyexcessiveoilonpatient’shair.redarrowidentifiesfracture28287Greenarrowidentifies“pseudo-fracture”causedbypalatoglossalairspace.Redarrowspointtoodontogenickeratocyst.344427GhostimagesofearringsGhostimagesofearrings152Hearingaid(redarrow)withghost(greenarrow).272828Ghostimageofmetalusedtorestoreleftangleofmandible

Ghostimagesofmandibles(dottedlineoutlinesghostofleftramus-angleoverrightsideofmandible)Identifytheanatomicalstructuresonthefollowingslides.Slide#1AnswersonnextslideABCDEFGSlide#1A=cervicalvertebra;B=externalobliqueridge;C=zygomaticprocess;D=floorofmaxillarysinus;E=zygomaticotemporalsuture;F=lingula;G=mandibularforamenABCDEFGAnswersonnextslideABDEFGHIJKSlide#2CA=ear;B=externalauditorymeatus;C=submandibularfossa;D=nasalseptum;E=hardpalate;F=mentalforamen;G=hyoidbone;H=mandibularcanal;I=pterygoidplates;J=articulareminence;K=pterygomaxillaryfissureABDEFGHIJKSlide#2CSlide#3AnswersonnextslideAEDBCA=palatoglossalairspace;B=middlecranialfossa;C=lateralborderoforbit;D=condyle;E=mentalfossaAEDBSlide#3CSlide#4AnswersonnextslideKJIHGFEDCBALA=cervicalvertebra;B=zygomaticotemporalsuture;C=zygomaticprocess;D=nasalseptum;E=inferiorconcha;F=softtissueofnose;G=hardpalate;H=posteriorborderofmaxillarysinus;I=externalauditorymeatus;J=posteriorpharyngealwall;K=mentalforamen;L=mentalfossaSlide#4KJIHGFEDCBALSlide#5AnswersonnextslideAIHGFEDCBJA=glossopharyngealairspace;B=styloidprocess;C=nasopharyngealairspace;D=pterygoidplates;E=condyle;F=infraorbitalcanal;G=infraorbitalforamen;H=softpalate;I=mandibularcanal;J=lingulaSlide#5AIHGFEDCBJSlide#6AnswersonnextslideGFEAEDCBA=mentalforamen;B=incisiveforamen;C=softtissueofnose;D=anteriornasalspine;E=pterygoidplates;F=ear;G=hyoidboneTheradiolucency(redarrows)seenintheramusandthirdmolarareaonthepatient’srightsideisanameloblastoma.(Differentialincludesdentigerouscyst,radicularcyst,OKC).Slide#6GFEAEDCBSlide#7AnswersonnextslideDCBAA=posteriorborderofmaxillarysinus;B=infraorbitalridge;C=inferiorconcha;D=inferiorborderofmaxillarysinus(pneumatizedtocrestofbone)Theradiolucency(redarrows)seenintheramusonthepatient’sleftsideisasquamouscellcarcinoma.Slide#7DCBASlide#8AnswersonnextslideEDCBAA=maxillarytuberosity;B=hardpalate;C=coronoidprocess;D=floorofmiddlecranialfossa;E=posteriorpharyngealwallThischildhasaconditionknownascherubism.Themandibularlesionsinvolvebothrami,extendingintothecoronoidprocess(thecondyleisrarelyinvolved).Themaxillarylesionsarelocatedinthetuberosityregions,causinganteriordisplacementof2ndand3rdmolars.Slide#8EDCBAAnswersonnextslideSlide#9FEDCBAA=zygomaticarch;B=externalobliqueridge;C=palatoglossalairspace;D=softpalate;E=pterygomaxillaryfissure;F=styloidprocessThispatienthasmultiplesupernumerarypremolarsinthemandible(#’s21,28and29wereextracted).Slide#9FEDCBAAnswersonnextslideSlide#10FEDBACA=mandibularcanal;B=softtissue