八年級(jí)動(dòng)名詞語法重點(diǎn)及練習(xí)題一、語法知識(shí)精講（一）動(dòng)名詞的定義與構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞原形+ing構(gòu)成，兼具動(dòng)詞和名詞的語法特征：既保留動(dòng)詞“帶賓語/狀語”的功能（如*readingbooks*中*books*是*reading*的賓語），又能像名詞一樣在句中作主語、賓語等成分。例：*Running*everymorningmakesmeenergetic.（*running*作主語體現(xiàn)名詞功能；*everymorning*作其狀語體現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞功能）（二）動(dòng)名詞的句法功能1.作主語動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，常表示抽象、習(xí)慣性的行為：直接作主語：*Swimming*ismyfavoritesport.用*it*作形式主語（避免句子頭重腳輕）：*It*isnouse*crying*overspiltmilk.2.作賓語動(dòng)名詞可作及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語，需注意搭配習(xí)慣：及物動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)名詞（八年級(jí)?？紕?dòng)詞：*enjoy,finish,mind,practice,suggest,keep,avoid,consider*等）：例：I*enjoy**listening*toEnglishsongs.（*enjoy*后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語）（誤區(qū)：勿與“*wanttodo*”“*decidetodo*”等不定式結(jié)構(gòu)混淆，需牢記固定搭配）介詞后接動(dòng)名詞（?？冀樵~/短語：*at,in,on,of,about,for,without,begoodat,lookforwardto,insteadof,beinterestedin*等）：例：Sheisgood*at**drawing*cartoons.（*at*是介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞）（易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：*lookforwardto*中*to*是介詞，需接動(dòng)名詞，如*I’mlookingforwardto*meeting*you.*）3.作表語動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)，說明主語的內(nèi)容或性質(zhì)，與主語（多為名詞）構(gòu)成“等同關(guān)系”：例：Mydailytaskis*cleaning*theclassroom.（表語*cleaning*說明主語*task*的具體內(nèi)容）4.作定語動(dòng)名詞作定語時(shí)，通常放在被修飾詞前，說明被修飾詞的用途/功能（區(qū)別于現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表“主動(dòng)/進(jìn)行”）：例：a*swimming*pool（游泳池，表“用于游泳的池子”）；a*sleeping*car（臥鋪車廂，表“用于睡覺的車廂”）（三）常見固定搭配（八年級(jí)核心考點(diǎn)）1.動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)名詞（需牢記的高頻動(dòng)詞）：*enjoydoing*（喜歡做）；*finishdoing*（完成做）；*minddoing*（介意做）*practicedoing*（練習(xí)做）；*keepdoing*（持續(xù)做）；*avoiddoing*（避免做）*suggestdoing*（建議做）；*considerdoing*（考慮做）2.介詞/介詞短語+動(dòng)名詞：*begoodatdoing*（擅長(zhǎng)做）；*lookforwardtodoing*（期待做）*insteadofdoing*（代替做）；*beinterestedindoing*（對(duì)…感興趣）*withoutdoing*（沒有做）；*spend…(in)doing*（花費(fèi)…做）3.特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：*can’thelpdoing*（忍不住做）；*havedifficulty(in)doing*（做…有困難）二、典型題型突破（一）動(dòng)詞后“動(dòng)名詞vs.不定式”辨析考題特征：選項(xiàng)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)動(dòng)名詞和不定式，需判斷動(dòng)詞的固定搭配。例：Weshouldpractice______(speak)Englisheveryday.（答案：*speaking*，因*practice*后接動(dòng)名詞）解題技巧：牢記“后接動(dòng)名詞”的動(dòng)詞（如*enjoy,finish*等），其余動(dòng)詞（如*want,decide,hope*等）后接不定式。（二）介詞后接動(dòng)名詞的考查考題特征：介詞（或介詞短語）后需填動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式。例：Heisinterestedin______(play)basketball.（答案：*playing*，因*in*是介詞）易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：*to*作介詞時(shí)（如*lookforwardto*），需接動(dòng)名詞；作不定式符號(hào)時(shí)（如*wantto*），接動(dòng)詞原形。需結(jié)合短語含義判斷。（三）動(dòng)名詞作主語的主謂一致考題特征：動(dòng)名詞作主語，考查謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。例：______(read)aloudisagoodwaytoimprovepronunciation.（答案：*Reading*，謂語用單數(shù)*is*）三、實(shí)戰(zhàn)鞏固練習(xí)（一）用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Ienjoy______(listen)tolightmusic.2.Wefinished______(do)ourhomeworkat9p.m.3.Wouldyoumind______(open)thewindow?4.Sheisgoodat______(dance).5.Helooksforwardto______(see)hispenpal.（二）單項(xiàng)選擇1.—Whatdoyouusuallydoonweekends?—Iusuallypractice______theguitar.A.playB.toplayC.playingD.played2.Myhobbyis______stamps.A.collectB.collectsC.collectingD.tocollect3.Weshouldavoid______mistakesinourhomework.A.makeB.tomakeC.makingD.made4.Shespenttwohours______herroomyesterday.A.cleanB.tocleanC.cleaningD.cleaned5.—Doyoumind______here?—Sorry,I’llgosomewhereelse.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked（三）句型轉(zhuǎn)換（按要求改寫句子）1.“Ilikedrawingpictures.”Shesaid.（合并為含賓語從句的句子）Shesaidthatshe____________pictures.2.Heisinterestedinplayingfootball.（對(duì)劃線部分提問，劃線部分：*playingfootball*）Whatisheinterested____________?3.TolearnEnglishwellisimportant.（改為同義句）____________important____________Englishwell.四、答案與解析（一）用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.*listening*（考點(diǎn)：*enjoydoing*固定搭配）2.*doing*（考點(diǎn)：*finishdoing*固定搭配）3.*opening*（考點(diǎn)：*minddoing*固定搭配）4.*dancing*（考點(diǎn)：*begoodatdoing*固定搭配）5.*seeing*（考點(diǎn)：*lookforwardtodoing*固定搭配，*to*為介詞）（二）單項(xiàng)選擇1.C（考點(diǎn)：*practicedoing*，故選*playing*）2.C（考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞作表語，說明主語*hobby*的內(nèi)容，故選*collecting*）3.C（考點(diǎn)：*avoiddoing*，故選*making*）4.C（考點(diǎn)：*spend…(in)doing*，故選*cleaning*）5.B（考點(diǎn)：*minddoing*，故選*smoking*）（三）句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.*likeddrawing*（考點(diǎn)：賓語從句中，主句*said*為過去時(shí)，從句動(dòng)詞*like*需變?yōu)檫^去式*liked*；*like*后接動(dòng)名詞*dr