第1題Inthelatenineteenthcentury,literarycriticismwasmainlyconcernedwith________.Asocio-politicalissuesBliteraryissuesCphilosophicalissues第2題Greatcriticsofthenineteenthcenturywerebasically________,whodidmostlyimpressionisticcriticism.AjournalistsBwritersCprofessors第3題RussianFormalismappearedasareactionagainst________.ASymbolismandAcmeismBSymbolismandFuturismCAcmeismandFuturism第4題RussianFormalismisrathercloselylinkedto________,sharingthesameinterestforthephonicstructureoftheverseandthesameoppositiontoSymbolismandRealism.ACubismBFuturismCImagism第5題TheFormalistsadvocatea________attitudetowardsliterature.AphilosophicalBliteraryCscientific第6題AccordingtoRomanJakobson,“Theobjectofthescienceofliteratureisnotliterature,but________.”AsocietyBliterarinessCauthors第7題________isthekeyconceptofRussianFormalism,whichmeans“makingstrange.”ADefamiliarizationBFamiliarizationCAlienation第8題Theconceptof________,whichistheinevitableprocessbywhichanyartisticobjectbecomeshabitual,banalandlosesitspowerasanartisticobject,isthelogicalcorollaryofdefamiliarization.AautomatizationBcompositionCforegrounding第9題Thesiuzhetisthedefamiliarizingnarrativeversionofthe________.AcontentBformCfabula第10題RussianFormalismdemystifiesthefigureofthe________tothepointofconsideringhim/hersecondarytotheworkofliterature.AauthorBreaderCcritic第1題PsychoanalyticcriticismoriginatedintheworkofAustrianpsychoanalyst________whosetheoriesaredirectlyandindirectlyconcernedwiththenatureoftheunconsciousmind.ASigmundFreudBCarlJungCAlfredAdler第2題CarlJung’semphasisisonwhathecalls________.AcollectiveunconsciousBindividualunconsciousCherdmentality第3題________treatstheunconsciousasalanguage.AErnestJonesBNorthropFryeCJacquesLacan第4題ThroughouthiscareerFreuddevelopedthreemodelsofthehumanpsyche:thedynamicmodel,theeconomicmodel,andthe________model.ApoliticalBtopographicCcultural第5題Freud’stripartitemodeldividesthepsycheintothreeparts:theid,theego,andthe________.AovermanBsuperegoCoversoul第6題InTheInterpretationofDreams,Freudassertsthatthe________expressesitssuppressedwishesanddesires.AunconsciousBsubconsciousCconscious第7題AccordingtoJung,thehumanpsycheconsistsofthreeparts:the________conscious,thepersonalunconscious,andthecollectiveunconscious.ApersonalBimpersonalCcollective第8題________arepatternsofimagesofrepeatedhumanexperiencessuchasbirth,death,rebirth,thefourseasons,andmotherhood,tonameafew,thatexpressthemselvesinourstories,dreams,religionsandfantasies.AArchetypesBStereotypesCMonotypes第9題LikeFreud,Lacandevisesatripartitemodelofthehumanpsyche,whichconsistsofthreeparts,orwhatLacancallsorders:TheImaginary,theSymbolic,andthe________.ASubstantialBSurrealCReal第10題AttheheartofLacan’stheoryandhisunderstandingofthehumanpsycheislackand________.Wehavelongingsforlove,forphysicalpleasure,andforcountlessobjects,butnothingcanfulfillourdesiretoreturntotheImaginaryOrderandbeatonewithourmother.AwholenessBfragmentationCunityexercises第1題Structuralismcanbebrieflysummarizedasatheoryofliteraturethatfocusesonthecodesandconventionsthatundergirdalldiscourseandonthesystemof________asafunctioningtotality.AvaluesBthoughtsClanguage第2題StructuralismwasbasedonthetheoriesestablishedbyFerdinandde________,aSwissprofessorandlinguistofthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcentury.ASaussureBFoucaultCDerrida第3題TheauthorofCourseinGeneralLinguisticsstudiedlanguageinthe________way.AanachronicBdiachronicCsynchronic第4題Saussureusedtheword“________”torefertothestructureofthelanguagethatismasteredandsharedbyallitsspeakers.AlangueBparoleCutterance第5題Saussureusedtheword“________”torefertotheindividual’sactualspeechutterancesandwriting.AlangueBparoleCdiscourse第6題Saussurearguedthatawordisalinguisticsignconsistingoftwoinseparableparts:signifierand________.AsignifiedBreferenceCsymbol第7題Becauseanindividualworkcanexpressonlythevaluesandbeliefsofthesystemofwhichitisapart,structuralistsemphasizethesystem()whereby________relatetoeachother,nottheexaminationofanisolatedtext().AauthorsBtextsCideas第8題BorrowingandfurtherdevelopingSaussure’swork,________declaresthatalllanguageisitsownself-enclosedsystembasedonbinaryoppositions.ALevi-StraussBBarthesCFoucault第9題Bythemid-1970s,________becamethevoiceofstructuralisminAmerica.AJonathanCullerBGerardGenetteCTzvetanTordorov第10題TheauthorofStructuralistPoetics(1975)shiftsthefocusofstructuralismfromthetexttothe________.AhistoryBreaderCauthorexercises第1題Deconstructionisananti-traditionaltrendofthoughtoverwhelminglyassociatedwiththeideasof________,theFrenchphilosopher.AJean-PaulSartreBMichelFoucaultCJacquesDerrida第2題DerridasubvertedthemetaphysicaltraditionoftheWest,thesocalled“________”,andannouncedthedeathofstructuralismatitsclimax,initiatinganewcriticalmovementintheUnitedStates.AhomocentrismBlogocentrismCeurocentrism第3題________isanumbrellaterm,referringtoawiderangeofthoughtsincludingthedeconstructionofJacquesDerrida,thelatecriticismofRolandBarthes,theNewHistoricismofMichelFoucault,thepsychoanalyticrevisionismofJacquesLacan,andpsychologicaltheoriesofJuliaKristeva,GillesDeleuzeandFelixGuattari,amongothers.APoststructuralismBPostmodernismCStructuralism第4題TheprecursorsofDerridaincludeGermanphilosophers________

(1844-1900)andMartinHeidegger(1889-1976),whoquestionedthelong-heldWesterntraditionalconceptssuchas“knowledge”,“truth”and“identity.”AFriedrichNietzscheBImmanuelKantCEdmundHusserl第5題Asamethodofliterarycriticism,deconstructionwasassociatedwiththeworksofthe________,AYaleSchoolBOxfordSchoolCHarvardSchoolDHillisMiller,HaroldBloom,andGeoffreyHartman.第6題Astheleadingfigureofdeconstruction,Derridafirstdeconstructsthe________inFerdinanddeSaussure’sstructuralismandgoesontodeconstructthelogocentrismintheWesternmetaphysicalwayofthought.Awriting-centrismBethnocentrismCphonocentrism第7題ForDerrida,________istheendlessdisplacementofmeaningwhichbothgovernslanguageandplacesitforeverbeyondthereachofastable,self-authenticatingknowledge.AwritingBspeechCdiscourse第8題Derridasubvertsthehierarchyinvolvedinbinaryoppositionsofmetaphysicsinorderto________.AreversethehierarchyBestablishanothercenterCdissolvetheexistenceofacenter第9題Fordeconstruction,languagerefersneithertothingsintheworldnorconceptsofthings,butonlytotheplayof________ofwhichlanguageitselfconsists.Therefore,meaningcannotbedetermined,norcanlanguagebetrustedtorepresentthereality.AsignifiedsBreferentsCsignifiers第10題DerridacoinedtheworddifferancefromtheFrenchverbdifférerwhichmaintainsthesenseofdifferingand________toreferto‘a(chǎn)configurationofspatialandtemporaldifferencetogether.’AdistinctionBdeferringCdeferenceexercises第1題Against

thebackgroundofWomen’sRightsandWomen’sSuffrage

movements,the

first-wavefeminism

ofthe19thandearly20thcenturies,focusedon

women’s____,especiallytherighttovote.AlegalrightsBhumanrightsCfamilyrights第2題Influenced

by___,second-wavefeminismofthe1960sand1970sprovoked

extensivetheoreticaldiscussionabouteveryareaofwomen’s

experienceincludingpolitics,work,the

family,

and

sexuality,

whichmarkstherealbeginningoffeministcriticism.APoliticalRightsMovementBCivilRightsMovementCFamilyRightsMovement第3題Oneoftheimportantprecursorsofthefirst-wavefeminismoffeministcriticismis___,theBritishwriterandcritic,whowasfamousforhercreativewritingcharacteristicofstreamofconsciousnesstechnique.AMaryEagletonBJudithShakespeareCVirginiaWoolf第4題VirginiaWoolfrecognizesthegenderidentityas___constructed:inthepatriarchalsociety,womenareregardedasintellectuallyinferiortomen.AsociallyBpoliticallyCeconomically第5題Woolfalsoexpressestheconceptof___inanartist’smind.“Ifoneisaman,stillthewomanpartofthebrainmusthaveeffect;andawomanalsomusthaveintercoursewiththemaninher.”AhomosexualityBheterosexualityCandrogyny第6題Thegoalofthefeministstrugglemustpreciselybetodeconstructthedeath-dealingbinaryoppositionsof____.AMasculinityandfemininityBFamilyandsocietyCPoliticsandeconomics第7題DeBeauvoir’s___(1949)marksthetransitionfromthe“first-wavefeminism”tothe“second-wavefeminism,”amuchmoreradicalcriticalmode.ATheSecondSexBTotheLighthouseCARoomofOne’sOwn第8題Whilesharingwiththefirst-wavefeministstheconcernwiththematerialdisadvantagesofwomen,sheturnsherattentiontothegreatdifferencesbetweenthetwosexesandlaunchesanattackonmen’s___againstwomeninbiological,psychologicalandeconomicterms.AcriticismBdiscriminationCaffection第9題Beauvoirargues:“Womanisdefinedanddifferentiatedwithreferencetomanandnothewithreferencetoher;sheistheincidental,theinessentialasopposedtotheessential.Heisthesubject,heistheAbsolute—sheis___”.AtheOtherBtheOneCtheObject第10題InherSexualPolitics(1969),withwide-ranginganalysiscoveringhistory,literature,psychoanalysis,sociologyandmanyotherareas,KateMillettgivesapowerfulcritiqueofpatriarchalculturebyilluminatingitsmechanismshecallsas_____.AthehomosexualpoliticsBtheheterosexualpoliticsCthesexualpolitics.exercises第1題“Amodeofanalysisthatseeshistoryasaformofwriting,discourse,orlanguage.Thisnewhistoricismabandonsanynotionofhistoryasanimitationofeventsintheworldorareflectionofexternalreality.Instead,itregardshistoryas____withgapsorrupturesbetweenepistemes--modesofthoughtandwaysofknowingthatcharacterizeagivenhistoricalmoment.”AanimitationofactionsBaspeciesofnarrativeCaspeciesofmovements第2題NewCriticismconsiderstheliterarytextas_____withanexistenceofitsown,independentofandnotnecessarilyrelatedtoitsauthor,itsreaders,thehistoricaltimeitdepicts,orthehistoricalperiodinwhichitwaswritten.Therefore,atextisanorganicwholeinwhichallpartsfittogetherandsupportoneoverarchingtheme.AnarrativewaysBhistoricaleventsCanartifactorobject第3題HoldingadifferentopinionfromtheNewCritics,Greenblattandhiscolleaguesrefusedtoregardaliterarytextasan___realmnotrelatedwithotherformsofculturalproduction.AautonomousaestheticBautonomousCAesthetic第4題Duetothebroaderconcernswithculture,history,literature,andmanyotherfactorsthatcontributetothedeterminationofatext’smeaning,Greenblattandhisfollowersprefertousetheterm____todescribetheirapproachtotextualanalysisthandoesNewHistoricism.A“culturalpoetics”B“mirror”C“historicpoetics”第5題Differentfrommanypasthistorians,Foucaultdoesnotsee_____ofhistoryfromthebeginningtotheend.Nordoesheconsiderhistoryasnecessarily

teleological,developinginaforwardwaytoadefiniteend.Historycannotbeinterpretedasaseriesofcausesandeffectsunderthecontrolofsomemysteriousdestinyoranall-powerfuldeity.Aanon-lineardevelopmentB

alineardevelopmentCa

dynamic

process第6題AsFoucaultclaimsinthepreface,“Iamnotconcerned,therefore,todescribetheprogressofknowledgetowardsanobjectivityinwhichtoday’ssciencecanfinallyberecognized;whatIamattemptingtobringtolightis___,theepistemeinwhichknowledge,envisagedapartfromallcriteriahavingreferencetoitsrationalvalueoritsobjectiveforms,groundsitspositivityandtherebymanifestsahistorywhichisnotthatofitsgrowingperfection,butratherthatofitsconditionsofpossibility;inthisaccount,whatshouldappeararethoseconfigurationswithinthespaceofknowledgewhichhavegivenrisetothediverseformsofempiricalscience.Suchanenterpriseisnotsomuchahistory,inthetraditionalmeaningofthatword,asan‘a(chǎn)rchaeology’.”AtheepistemologicalfieldBthehistoricalfieldCThemethodologicalfield第7題InFoucault’sview,historyisaformof___.Eachhistoricalperiodorpeopledevelopsitsownepistemewhichhasthepowertocontrolhowthatperiodorpeopleviewsreality.AregulationBpowerCdiscipline第8題Sincenoonecanavoidbeingshapedbytheepistemesinwhichtheylive,historiansmustrealizethattheirthoughts,valuesandactionsareinfluencedandprejudicedbytheepistemesoftheirownera.Therefore,historianscanneverbetotally___abouttheirownoranyotherhistoricalperiodorpossessanobjectiveknowledgeofhistory.AobjectiveBsubjectiveCSubversive第9題Geertzbelievesthatthereis“_____,”culturebeingdefinedbyGeertzas“asetofcontrolmechanisms—plans,recipes,rules,instructions,”forthegoverningofbehavior.Eachperson,then,mustbeviewedasa“culturalartifact.”AnohumannaturedependentofcultureBallhumannatureindependentofcultureCnohumannatureindependentofculture第10題TheyalsoapplyGeertz’santhropologicalmethodologyfordescribingtheseeminglyinsignificantdetailspresentinanyculturalpractice.Geertzcallsthismethodology“___”,thatis,thecloseanalysis,or“reading,”ofaparticularsocialproductionoreventforthepurposeofrecoveringthemeaningsithasforthepeopleinvolvedinit,aswellastodiscover,withintheoverallculturalsystem,thenetworkofconnections,codes,andmodesofthinkingwithwhichtheparticularitemisimplicated,andwhichinvesttheitemwiththosemeanings.AthickwritingBthickdescriptionsCthindescriptionsexercises第1題“TheHolyTrinity”ofpostcolonialcriticsinclude____,_____,and_____.AEdwardSaid,GayatriChakravortySpivak,HomiBhabhaBEdwardSaid,GayatriChakravortySpivak,HelenTiffinCEdwardSaid,HomiBhabha,RanajitGuha第2題“Neocolonialism(inthemodernworld)referstopoliticalcontrolbyanoutsidepowerofacountrythatisintheorysovereignandindependent,esp.throughthedominationofitseconomy.”Fromthisdefinition,weknowthisis_____ofcolonialdomination.Afterthenationalliberationmovements,thecontroloftheformercoloniesbyimperialpowerscontinuedinthisnewform.AadirectwayBanindirectwayCanindependentway第3題Thetermneo-colonialismisbasicallyusedinthepoliticalanddiplomaticcircles,focusingonthecritiqueofthepolitical,economicormilitaryconflicts,whereasthetermpostcolonialism,isusedmainlyinthecirclesof______.ApoliticalcriticismBliteraryandculturalcriticismCeconomicalcriticism第4題Postcolonialstudiesemergedinthelate1970sundertheinfluenceoftheground-breakingbook

____bythePalestinian-AmericanscholarEdwardSaid.ATheLocationofCultureBOrientalismCCultureandImperialism第5題WhatisOrientalism?ByOrientalism,Saidmeansthreeinterdependentthings:anacademicdiscipline,astyleofthoughtandacorporateinstitutionfor_____.AdealingwiththeOrientBdealingwiththeOccidentCdealingwiththewestandeast第6題AsSaidstates,“Takingthelateeighteenthcenturyasaveryroughlydefinedstartingpoint,OrientalismcanbediscussedandanalyzedasthecorporateinstitutionfordealingwiththeOrient—dealingwithitbymakingstatementsaboutit,authorizingviewsofit,describingit,byteachingit,settlingit,rulingoverit:inshort,OrientalismasaWesternstylefordominating,restructuring,andhavingauthorityovertheOrient.”(SaidOrientalism3)Fromthisdefinition,wecanseethecloselinkbetweenOrientalismand____.AdiscourseBhistoryCcolonialism第7題ThefollowingisanexampleSaidcitesfromFlaubert’sdescriptionofthespectacleoftheOrient:“Toamusethecrowd,MohammedAli’sjestertookawomaninaCairobazaaroneday,setheronthecounterofashop,andcoupledwithherpubliclywhiletheshopkeepercalmlysmokedhispipe.”(Said

Orientalism

103)OrientalismisamodeofknowingtheOrientbyconstructingitas_____.AtheinferiorotherBthesuperiorotherCtheinferiorself第8題In“____”(1988),SpivakappliesthetermtothecontextoftheThirdWorld(especiallyIndia)toreferto“subsistencefarmers,unorganizedpeasantlabor,thetribalsandcommunitiesofzeroworkersonthestreetorinthecountryside”.AACritiqueofPostcolonialReasonBInOtherWorlds:EssaysinCulturalPoliticsC“CantheSubalternSpeak?”第9題HomiK.

Bhabha’stheoryof___hasinfluencedthestudiesonnationandculturalidentityintheglobalpostcolonialcontextandputforwardtheconcretestrategiesfortheThird-worldcriticstoentertheacademicmainstreamanduttertheirownvoice.

AdialogictheoryBhybridityCPostcolony第10題Bhabha’sconceptofhybridityiscloselyrelatedtoanotherimportantconcept,“___”,

whichisalsoafunctionofhybridity.Throughit,thecolonizedhascopiedorappropriatedthecolonialculture,customsandvalues,andthroughthisprocess,thecolonizedhasbecomeasubjectof“almostthesamebutnotquite”.Thissimilarityanddifferencethreatentheauthorityofcolonialdiscourse,andatthesametimeeffectivelydeconstructsthedualitybetweenthecolonizersandthecolonized.AmimicryBimitationCcopyexercises第1題AccordingtoAmanUllahGondal,“GenderStudiesisaninterdisciplinaryfieldthatexamines___asasocialandculturalconstruction.Drawinguponacademicareassuchashistory,psychology,popularculture,literarycriticism,andanthropology,themajorcrossesandblendstheboundariesoftraditionaldisciplines.”AmaleBgenderCfemale第2題ForButler,feminist“we”isakindofillusoryconstruction_____,and“constructionitselfonlythroughtheexclusionofsomepartoftheconstituencythatitsimultaneouslyseekstorepresent.”AcompromisingtheinherentcomplexityanduncertaintyBagreeingtheinherentcomplexityanduncertaintyCdenyingtheinherentcomplexityanduncertainty第3題WithreferencetoWittigandRich’sworks,JudithButler(1990)usestheterm“___”tospecifythegridofculturalintelligibilitythroughwhichbodies,genderanddesiresarenaturalized.AheterosexualmatrixBhomosexualmatrixCsingle-sexualmatrix第4題AccordingtoJudithButler,genderisperformative,whichisanactnotabeing.______isthecoreofJudithButler’sgendertheory.A“Sexperformativity”B“Genderperformativity”C“Maleperformativity”第5題

Constativeutteranceandperformativeutterancearetwobasicspeechacts.____canmakethetrueandfalsestatementsofafact,whileperformativeutterancejustmeansthattheutterancedoessomethingorthesayingisdoingwiththeillocutionaryforce.Forexample,themarriageceremonyinJ.L.Austin’sperformativitysuggeststhat“Ipronounceyou…”putsintoeffecttherelationthatitnames.

AConstativeutteranceBPerformativeutteranceCConstructiveutteranc