寫作訓(xùn)練系列3賓語補足語和同位語一，賓語補足語的定義：英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還有一個賓語補足語，用以補充說明前面的賓語，使句子的意義完整。這類常用的及物動詞有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let,suppose,think等。Electricitycanmakeamachinerun.Weconsider/think/supposetheweathertobemoreandmoreserious.二，賓語補足語的表現(xiàn)形式賓語補足語在句中的九種表現(xiàn)形式1.名詞（包括名詞性物主代詞）Hisfathernamedhim

Sanmao.被動語態(tài)為hewasnamedSanmaobyhisfather.WeconsiderMrWang

anexcellentteacher.Weelected/appointedhimpresident.2.形容詞及其短語Theypaintedtheboat

white.Wesawhim

youngandstrong,andnowheisoldandworn.3.不定式及其短語Youmustn’tforcestudents

toconcentrateonhislessens.Nobodynoticedhim

slideintotheroom.4.現(xiàn)在分詞及其短語Ihearedher

murmuringtotheboyseatednexttoher.Wesawatruck

runningintothepolicestation.5.過去分詞WesawDaye

changedgreatlyinthepast10years.Ihadmycomputer

repaired.Nobodyfoundher

guilty.6.用as引出補足語WetakeEnglish

asausefultoolforresearchwork.Ilookuponhim

asmyteacher.Don’tregard/treatme

asyourpossession.7.用介詞短語表示W(wǎng)efoundeverythinghereoutoforder.Hefoundhimself

inprisonafterwakingup.8.用副詞表示Openthewinsowandletfreshair

in.Ihappenedtoseehim

outwithastranger.9.用從句表示W(wǎng)ewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyoursisnow.Theplanthasitsname.Youcan’tcallitwhatyouwill.10.用it作形式賓語再接形容詞或名詞作補足語Wethink/consider/find/feelitourduty/necessary

tosupporthim.Don’ttakeit

forgranted

thattheearthisthecenteroftheuniverse.Hemadeitarule

tosomketencigarettesaday.Theythinkituseless

assistinglazyandpoorpeople.Wethinkitnogooddeliberatelyharminganimals.同位語一同位語的定義：和前面的名詞表達(dá)同一含義的成分叫同位語。二同位語的表現(xiàn)形式1.名詞A．GeorgeBush，thepresentAmericanpresident，wasthegovernorofthestateofTexas．B．Iwantverymuchtoreadthesenewnovels，especiallytheoneyoumentioned．

2．動名詞短語（有逗號隔開）A．Heenjoystheexercise，swimminginwinter．B．Askinghimtojoinus，that‘sagoodidea．

3．不定式短語（有時有逗號隔開）A．Thereisonethinghe‘llneverdo—telllies．

B．Thequestionwhattodonexthasn’tbeenconsidered．4．形容詞及其短語（有逗號隔開）A．He，shortandthin，isunfitforthejob．

B．Allthecountries，bigorsmall，areequal．

5．介詞短語（有時有逗號隔開）

Astheheadofthecompany，hehadtoexplainwhathadhappened．＝He，theheadofthecompany，hadtoex-plainwhathadhappened．

6．名詞性從句（其前面的先行詞一般都帶有定冠詞the）。這樣的先行詞有fact，news，truth，knowledge，idea，hope，question，problem，assumption等。例如：A．Youhaveyettoanswermyquestionwhetheryoucanlendmeyourbike．B．Theyhadtofacethefactthatthenearestfillingstationis30kilometersaway注釋：賓語補足語若改為被動語態(tài)就是主語補足語。模擬練習(xí)1.we________________（我們管那江叫珠江）.call.pearl2.什么是你如此沮喪？————————————————.depressed3.我喜歡看角馬在原野上奔馳。Iliketowatch_______________ontheplain.gnu4.Iheared________________(他叫了我的名字).call5.她昨天在醫(yī)院拔了牙。Shehad____________________.pullCallthisriverPearlRiverWhatmakesyousodepressed?GnusrunningHimcallmynameMywrongtoothpulledinthehospital6.每次看見她，我發(fā)現(xiàn)她都在工作。EverytimeIsawher,I____________.at7.我習(xí)慣開窗睡覺。Iamusedtosleepingwith_________.8.把他們請進(jìn)來。Show_______________________.9.我們一定要把中國建成像今日美國一樣的國家。WemustmakeChina____________.whatFoundheratworkThewindowsopenShowtheminWhattheUSAistoday10.你們學(xué)生應(yīng)當(dāng)把在校學(xué)習(xí)看成自己的首要任務(wù)。Youstudentsshouldconsiderit__________________.study11.Hawking,_______________(霍金著名的英國科學(xué)家宣稱外星人存在。)delaredthataliensexistintheuniverse.12.我媽喜歡那些活動，像什么跳舞啊打麻將啊什么的。Motherlikessuchactivitiesas_____________.majoangYourfirstdutytostudyatschoolAfamousBritishscientist,Dancing,playingMajiangandsoon13.和老外交流，那是提高英語口語的好辦法。————————，thatisagoodwaytoimproveyourspokenEmunicate14.Allthepeople,____________,mustobeyth