第1題Chemicalmicrocosmisakindofchemicalcognition,whichofthefollowingfieldsisitdefinedin?()AMicroscopicthingsandmicroscopicphenomenaBMicroscopicthingsCMicroscopicphenomenaDAlloftheabovethreeitems第2題Whichofthefollowingresearchfieldsishighlyfocusedonreducingchemicalmacroscopicphenomenatoatomicandmolecularmechanisms?()AAnalyticalchemistryBChemicalthermodynamicsCStructuralchemistryDChemicalkinetics第3題Whichofthefollowingisthemainwayofthinkinginthechemicalmicrocosm?()AFact-basedinductionBDeductionbasedontheoryCBasedonthecreationofhypothesisDBasedontheestablishmentofmodel第4題Whichofthefollowingaspectsisthepurposeofthiscoursetoimproveourchemicalliteracy?()AAbstractthinkingabilityBModelprocessingideaCScientificcriticismandreflectivespiritDAlloftheabovethreeitems第5題Whichofthefollowingchemicalbondtheoriesindifferentperiodsbelongstotheessencemicrocosmiclevel?()AElectrochemicaldualismBKossel'sionicbondtheoryCLewis'scovalentbondtheoryDMolecularorbitaltheory第6題Chemicalmicrocosmreferstotherationalcognitionformedbystudyingthecomposition,structure,propertiesandchanginglawsofchemicalsubstancesatthelevelofsingleatomandmolecule.()第7題Chemicalmicrocosmreferstotherationalcognitionformedbystudyingthecomposition,structure,propertiesandchanginglawsofchemicalsubstancesatthelevelofalargenumberofatomsandmolecules.()第8題Theobjectofchemistryresearchisusuallyacollectionofalargenumberofatomsandmolecules,buttheknowledgeofasingleatomandmoleculeisanecessarystartingpointforchemistry.()第9題Theobjectofchemistryresearchisusuallyacollectionofalargenumberofatomsandmolecules,sotheknowledgeofasingleatomandmoleculeisnotnecessaryforchemistry.()第10題Thethinkingmodeofchemicalmicrocosmincludesdeductionbasedontheoryandinductionbasedonfact,buttheformeristhemainone.()第11題Thethinkingmodeofchemicalmicrocosmincludesdeductionbasedontheoryandinductionbasedonfact,butthelatteristhemainone.()第12題QuantummechanicshascompletelyreversedandchangedourusualthinkingmethodsandscientificattitudesbasedonclassicalNewtonianmechanics.()第13題Lewis'scovalentbondtheoryexplainstheintercommunicationbetweeninorganicandorganicsubstancesfromtheessenceofatomicstructure.()第14題Kossel'sionicbondtheoryexplainstheinterconnectivitybetweeninorganicandorganicsubstancesfromtheessenceofatomicstructure.()第15題Quantumchemistryregardschemicalinteractionastheinteractionbetweennuclearandelectronicsystemsconcentratedinfinitespace,soitoftenemphasizesmulti-centerbonds,delocalizationandnon-integerthinking.()第1題WhichofthefollowingcanshowthatPlanck'squantumtheorycreatedanewthinkingmodeofhumanmicro-cognition?()ATheenergyexchangebetweenharmonicoscillatorandelectromagneticwaveisquantized.BTheenergyoftheharmonicoscillatorisquantized.CTheenergyoflightisonlyrelatedtofrequencyandnottoamplitude.DAlloftheabovethreeitems.第2題Whichofthefollowingtheoriespointsoutthatlighthaswave-particleduality?()AEinstein'slightquantumtheoryBPlanck'squantumtheoryCHuygens'wavetheoryaboutthenatureoflightDNewton'sparticletheoryaboutthenatureoflight第3題Whichofthefollowingmodelsisthefirsttointroducetheideaofquantizationofelectronicenergylevelintoatomicstructure?()AThomson's"AtomicModel"BRutherford's"NuclearAtomicModel"CBohr's"AtomicStructureModel"D"ElectronicCloudModel"ofQuantumMechanics第4題WhatarethemainaspectsofBohr'satomicstructuremodel?()AQuantizationconditionsofangularmomentumBSteadystateconceptCFrequencyruleDAlloftheabovethreeitems第5題Whataspectsdoquantumeffectsgenerallyinclude?()AEnergyquantizationBParticleshaveonlyspatialprobabilitydistribution,butnodefiniteorbit.CZero-pointenergyeffectDAlloftheabovethreeitems第6題Physicalquantitiesdonotchangecontinuously,butincreaseordecreaseinacertainminimumunitbyleapsandbounds,whichiscalledquantization.()第7題Discontinuouschangesofphysicalquantitiesarecalledquantization.()第8題Planckonlyregardsquantizationasaskillinmathematicalprocessing,whileEinsteinunderstandsquantizationasabasicphenomenon,thatis,whenlightpropagatesinspace,theenergyisquantized.()第9題Einsteinonlyregardsquantizationasaskillinmathematicalprocessing,whilePlanckunderstandsquantizationasabasicphenomenon,thatis,whenlightpropagatesinspace,theenergyisquantized.()第10題Bohr's"atomicstructuremodel"wellexplainsthespectralexperimentalresultsofallatoms.()第11題Bohr's"atomicstructuremodel"wellexplainstheexperimentalresultsofhydrogenatomspectrum.()第12題Bohr's"atomicstructuremodel"breaksthe"atomicstabilityparadox"derivedfromRutherford's"nuclearatommodel"inclassicalmechanics.()第13題Bohr'scorrespondenceprinciplemeansthatwhenthequantumnumberislarge,energycanberegardedascontinuous,andquantummechanicsapproachesclassicalmechanics.()第14題Bohr's"atomicstructuremodel",whichisbasedonclassicalmechanicsandaddedwithquantizationconditions,isatypicalrepresentativeoftheoldquantumtheory.()第15題Theenergyleveldifferenceofparticlesinone-dimensionalpotentialboxisinverselyproportionaltothesquareofparticlemassandmotionrange,whichindicatesthatquantizationisthecharacteristicofmicroscopicparticles.()Homework第1題Whichofthefollowingstageshasnotbeenexperiencedinthedevelopmentoftheideologicalconnotationof"waveproperty"ofmicroscopicparticles?()AElectromagneticwavedescribedbyMaxwellequationBPhasewaveproposedbydeBroglie'sscientificanalogyCMatterwavedescribedbySchr?dingerequationDProbabilitywaveproposedbyBornstatisticalinterpretation第2題Intheprocessoftheestablishmentofquantummechanics,whichofthefollowingscientistshasnotmadedirectcontributions,butisregardedastheleaderofquantummechanics?()ADiracBBohrCHeisenbergDSchr?dinger第3題Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasanexcellentconditionforthesteady-statewavefunctionψ()?()ASinglevalueBContinuousClimitedconvergenceDAlloftheabovethreeitems第4題Whichofthefollowingcanrepresentthephysicalmeaningofthesquareofwavefunction?()ATheprobabilityofelectronsappearinginavolumeelementBTheprobabilityofelectronsappearinginacertainspatialregionCProbabilitydensityofelectronsappearingatacertainpointinspaceDTheprobabilityofelectronsappearinginthewholespace第5題Whichphysicistfirstproposedtheuncertaintyprinciple?()AHeisenbergBBohrCDiracDdeBroglie第6題Thewave-particledualityofmaterialparticlesisderivedfromthewave-particledualityoflight.()第7題Wave-particledualityofmaterialparticlesisputforwardbyscientificanalogyofwave-particledualityoflight.()第8題Flyingbulletsdon'tshowfluctuationbecausetheirdeBrogliewavelengthsaredozensofordersofmagnitudedifferentfromthesizeofbulletsthemselves,whichcanbecompletelyignored.()第9題Matterwaveshavethesamephysicalsignificanceasmechanicalwavesandelectromagneticwaves.()第10題Thesimilaritybetweenmaterialwaveandmechanicalwaveandelectromagneticwaveliesinthecoherentsuperpositionofwaves.()第11題Ifcisaconstant,theelectronicwavefunctionψ()andcψ()describethesamestate.()第12題Micro-measurementchangestheirreversiblechangeofthesystemstate,whichleadstothefailureoftheclassicalphysicscausalityinthemicro-field,butonlytheprobabilitycausalityexists.()第13題Thestateofthesystemevolvesaccordingtothetime-dependentSchr?dingerequation,whichleadstothefailureoftheclassicalphysicscausalityinthemicro-field,butonlytheprobabilitycausalityexists.()第14題Steadystatereferstothestatethattheprobabilitydensityofparticlesappearingatacertainpointinspacedoesnotchangewithtime,anditswavefunctionalsocontainstimefactor,whichissimplyexpressedasψ()fortheconvenienceofdiscussingproblems.()第15題Theuseofoperatorstoexpressmechanicalquantitiesinquantummechanicsisoutoftherequirementof"ideologicalmeasurement",becausetheactualmicroscopicmeasurementwillproduceirreversiblechangestothesystemstate.()Homework第1題ComparedwithBohr'satomicstructuremodel,theprocessingofhydrogenatomicstructurebyquantummechanicsgivesmoreinformation.Whichofthefollowingisuniquetoquantummechanicalprocessing?()AQuantizationoforbitalenergyBQuantizationoforbitalangularmomentumCQuantizationofmagneticfielddirectioncomponentofangularmomentumDAlloftheabovethreeitems第2題"Singleelectron"inthedefinitionofatomicorbitalreferstowhichofthefollowing?()ATheorbitalisoccupiedbyoneelectronBThewavefunctionobtainedbysolvingSchr?dingerequationbysingleelectronapproximationCOrbitalcanonlybeoccupiedbyoneelectronDAlloftheabovethreeitems第3題Whichofthefollowinggraphicrepresentationsisacompletediagram?()AElectronicclouddiagramBRadialfunctiondiagramR(r)-rCRadialdistributionfunctiondiagramD(r)-rDAngledistributiondiagramofwavefunctionY(θ,φ)第4題Whichofthefollowingrequirementsshouldbecompliedwithforthearrangementofelectronsoutsidethenucleus?()APrincipleoflowestenergyBPauliexclusionprincipleCHund'sruleDAlloftheabovethreeitems第5題Whichofthefollowingparameterscandirectlyjudgethebondingtrendbetweenatomsintermsofenergystability?()AIonizationenergyBElectronaffinityCelectronegativityDAlloftheabovethreeitems第6題Quantummechanicsdoesn'tcareaboutatomicstability.()第7題Pauli'sincompatibilityprinciplemakesmulti-electronatomsoccupyalargespaceandhavestability.()第8題ThetotalwavefunctionofFermions(suchaselectrons,protonsandneutrons)withsemi-integerspinsisantisymmetric.()第9題Onthesameatomicorbitwiththesamespatialcoordinates,onlytwoelectronswithoppositespinscanbearranged.()第10題Themodernperiodiclawofelementscanbeexpressedas:withtheincreaseofatomicnumber,theperiodicgradualchangelawformedbytheelectronconfigurationofelementatomsreflectsthenatureofelements.()第11題The“Aufbauprinciple”isthelawofelectronicconfigurationoutsideatomicnucleus.()第12題Theelectronconfigurationofatomsisanobjectivefact.The"Aufbauprinciple"onlyprovidestheoreticalconvenienceandsimplicityforinferringtheformationprocessofatomicelectronconfiguration.()第13題Electronsincrystalscanbedividedintotwotypes:boundelectronslocalizedaroundthenucleusandsharedelectronsdelocalizedinthewholecrystalspace.()第14題Hybridizationisnotarealphysicaleffect,butonlyaspecialmeanstodescribetheformationprocessofcovalentbondstheoretically.()第15題Symmetrymatchingruleisthekeyfactortodeterminewhetheratomicorbitalscanbecombinedintomolecularorbitals.()Homework第1題Whichofthefollowingfactorsleadstotheneglectofthetranslationalenergylevelofnucleiinthestudyofmolecularspectra?()ATranslationofatomicnucleusisnotimportant.BThetranslationalenergylevelofthenucleusiscontinuous.CTheleveldifferenceoftranslationalenergyisverysmallandcanberegardedascontinuous.DAlloftheabovethreeitems.第2題Whichofthefollowingspectraareassociatedwiththechangeofelectronenergylevelsinmolecules?()AInfraredspectrumBUltraviolet-visiblespectrumCMolecularrotationspectrumDNuclearmagneticresonancespectrum第3題WhichofthefollowingtransitiontypeshasthemostpracticalsignificanceinUVanalysis?()AThed-dtransitioninmetalcomplexesBTheπ?π*transitionofcarbon-carbonunsaturatedbondmoleculesCThen?π*transitioninunsaturatedhydrocarbonmoleculescontainingheteroatomsDAlloftheabovethreeitems第4題Whichofthefollowingphotoelectronspectracanprovideeffectiveinformationfordiscussingthestrongandweakcharacteristicsofmolecularorbitals?()AUltravioletPhotoelectronSpectrumBX-rayPhotoelectronSpectrumCAugerElectronSpectrumDAlloftheabovethreeitems第5題Whichofthefollowingspectraisdirectlyrelatedtotheorbitalenergyofasinglemolecule?()APhotoelectronenergyspectrumBInfraredspectrumCUltraviolet-visiblespectrumDNuclearmagneticresonancespectrum第6題Born-Oppenheimerapproximationistheapproximationoffixednuclei.()第7題Whendiscussingthemovementofelectronsinmolecules,Born-Oppenheimertreatsthemovementofelectronsandthemovementofnucleiseparately,andapproximatelythinksthatelectronsareinthepotentialfieldoffixednuclei.()第8題Onlywhentherotationalenergyleveltransitions,thecorrespondingspectrumisc