第1題Thecoreofmarketmechanismis（）AResourceallocationBSupplyanddemandCPriceandcompetitionmechanismDProductionfactors第2題Afterputtingtheresourceintoaspecificuse,themaximumbenefitthatcanbeobtainedfromotherpossibleusesiscalled（）AOpportunitycostBMarginalcostCExternalcostsDWillingnesstopay第3題"Thereisonlyonemanufacturerinoneindustry"reflectsthecharacteristicsof（）marketACompletecompetitionBMonopolycompetitionCOligopolycompetitionDCompletemonopoly第4題Thefollowingmethodthatdoesnotbelongtoalternativemarket(disclosurepreference)evaluationmethodis（）AProtectionexpendituremethodBTravelexpensemethodCReplacementcostmethodDConnotativerealestatevaluemethod第5題Amongthefollowinginternationalenvironmentalissues,（）istheglobalenvironmentalresourcesissueABiodiversityissuesBAcidrainissuesCInternationalriverpollutionDGreenhouseeffect第6題ResourceMhasthreeuseoptionsA,BandC,andtheirnetbenefitsare550,660and770yuanrespectively,sotheopportunitycostofoptionAis（）A550B660C770D1210第7題OnAugust15,1993,theStatePlanningCommissionandtheMinistryofFinancejointlyissuedtheNoticeontheCollectionofSewageDischargeFees,whichisthefirsttimetoreflecttheideaof（）inthesewagedischargefees.AConcentrationcontrolBRangecontrolCTotalamountcontrolDDischargeischarging第8題Theoveralldemandcurveofpublicgoodsisthesumof（）oftheindividualdemandcurveAParallelBHorizontalCVerticalDComprehensive第9題Thequantityofgoodsthatconsumersarewillingandabletobuyateachpricelevelinaspecificperiodiscalled（）AConsumptionBDemandCSupplyDStock第10題Environmentalliabilityinsuranceisaspecificformofthefollowingmeans（）ACoercivemeansBEconomicmeansCInformationmeansDNegotiationmeans第11題（）isnotaregionalenvironmentalpublicgoodsARiversBTropicalrainforestsCAtmosphericandclimaticsystemsDLarge-arealakes第12題Thehighestpriceorcostthatconsumersarewillingtopayforacertainquantityofgoodsiscalled（）AConsumersurplusBTotalutilityCMarginalutilityDWillingnesstopay第13題Toproducepublicgoodsforoneconsumerisessentiallytoproducethegoodsforallconsumers,whichreflectsthe（）AExclusivityofconsumptionBUniversalityofsupplyCNon-exclusivenessofconsumptionDSeparabilityofsupply第14題（）isequivalenttotheinsurancepremiumthatconsumersarewillingtopayforanunusedasset,justtoavoidtheriskoflosingitinthefutureADirectusevalueBIndirectusevalueCChoicevalueDExistencevalue第15題Thefundamentalbasisorprincipleofeconomicmeansis（）AEmissionchargingsystemBEmissiontradingCPolluter-paysprincipleDPigoviantax第16題（）istheonlymethodthatcanrevealtheexistencevalueofenvironmentalresourcesATravelexpensemethodBProtectionexpendituremethodCWillingnesssurveyevaluationmethodDIntensiveassetpricingmethod第17題Thefollowingarenotpublicgoods:（）ANationaldefenseBCleanairCTrainticketsDEnvironmentalpollution第18題（）referstotheresourcereservesthatcanbeutilizedatacertaineconomicandtechnologicallevelAStockBFlowCGrowthDConsumption第19題（）isaprerequisitefortheeffectiveuse,exchange,preservation,managementandinvestmentofresourcesAPropertyrightBPriceCUserightDControlright第20題Thenecessaryconditionsforprofitmaximizationis（）AThemarginalcostisgreaterthanthemarginalbenefitBThemarginalcostisequaltothemarginalbenefitCThemarginalcostislessthanthemarginalbenefitDThemarginalcostislessthanorequaltothemarginalbenefit第21題AccordingtoCoasetheorem,airpollutioninlargecitiesiscausedby（）ANoneofthepollutersliveinthecityBNoonehasenforceablepropertyrightstocleanairCUrbanresidentsarenotinterestedincleanairDUrbanresidentspreferdirtyairtocleanair第22題Iftheproductionofacertainproductiscausingpollution,andthesocialmarginalcostisgreaterthantheprivatemarginalcost,theappropriatetaxpolicyistolevytaxes,andthetaxamountis（）AEqualtothecostofpollutioncontrolequipmentBEqualtothedifferencebetweensocialmarginalcostandprivatemarginalcostCEqualtosocialmarginalcostDEqualtoprivatemarginalcost第23題（）referstotheresourcereservesthatcanbeutilizedatacertaineconomicandtechnologicallevelANaturalresourcestockBNaturalresourceflowCInflowofnaturalresourcesDOutflowofnaturalresources第24題OnelimitationofCoasetheoremisthat（）AMosteffectivewhentherearealargenumberofmanufacturersandproducersBAssumethatthereisalargetransactioncostCValidonlywhenpropertyrightsaregenerallyownedDInvalidwhentransactioncostishigh第25題（）arenon-renewablenaturalresourcesARegionalwaterresourcesBCropsCMercurymineDWildlife第26題AccordingtoCoasetheorem,inthecaseof(),theoptimalallocationofresourcescanbeachievedthroughmarkettransactionsandvoluntarynegotiationAMarketeconomyBTransactioncostiszeroCLowtransactioncostsDReasonableinstitutionalarrangements第27題Withthesameresources,Japancanproduce30carsor40computers,andtheUnitedStatescanproduce40carsor50computers.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?AJapanhascomparativeadvantagesincarproductionBTheUnitedStateshascomparativeadvantagesincomputerproductionCTheUnitedStateshascomparativeadvantagesintheproductionofbothgoodsDJapanhascomparativeadvantagesincomputerproduction第28題Assumethatthedemandinthecornmarketisinelastic,andthattheyieldofcornisequaltothesalesandthedemand,andthattheyieldofcornisreducedby20%duetobadweather,inthiscase:ATheincomeofcornproducersdecreasedbecausetheyieldofcorndecreasedby20%BTheincomeofcornproducerswillincreasebecausethepriceofcornwillrisebylessthan20%CTheincomeofcornproducerswillincreasebecausethepriceofcornwillrisebymorethan20%DTheincomeofcornproducersremainsunchanged第29題Ifthepriceofacommoditydecreasesby5%andthedemandincreasesby4%,thenthiscommodity（）AFlexibledemandBInelasticdemandCThechangerateofdemandisgreaterthanthechangerateofpriceDUnabletodeterminewhetheritsdemandiselastic第30題Resourcesarescarcemeans（）APovertyiswidespreadintheworldBComparedwithpeople'sneedforresources,resourcesarealwaysinsufficientCResourcesmustbelefttofuturegenerationsDProductionresourceswilleventuallybeexhausted第31題Thedemandcurveofincompletecompetitiveenterprisesis（）AVerticalBStraightlineslopingupwardtotherightCHorizontallineDStraightlineslopingdownwardtotheright第32題Itisknownthatthecommoditypriceproducedbyanenterpriseis10yuan,theaveragecostis11yuan,andtheaveragerealizablecostis8yuan.Intheshortterm,thisenterprise（）AStopproductionandlosemoneyBContinuetoproduceandmakeprofitsCcontinuetoproducebutlosemoneyDStopproductionwithoutloss第33題Thedivisionbasisoflong-termandshort-termineconomicsis（）ALengthoftimeBWhetherallproductionfactorscanbeadjustedastheboundaryCWhethertheactualquantitycanreachtheplannedoutputisthelimitDNoneoftheabove第34題Amongthefollowingitems,（）canbecalledvariablecostASalaryofmanagementpersonnelBSalaryofproductionworkersCDepreciationofplantandmachineryandequipmentDRentofproductionhouses第35題Thereis（）onthesameplanegraphAThreeindifferencecurvesBInfiniteindifferencecurvesCManybutlimitedundifferentiatedcurvesDhaveonlyoneundifferentiatedcurve第36題WhenMR＜MC,（）AManufacturerswillincreaseprofitsbyexpandingproductionBManufacturerswillreduceproductionCTomaximizethetotalprofitofamanufacturer,itisnecessarytoincreasetheoutputuntilthemarginalincomeequalsthemarginalcostDWiththecontinuousreductionofproductoutput,themarginalincomedecreases第37題Thetypicalcharacteristicsofpublicgoodsis（）ANon-competitiveandexclusiveBNon-exclusiveandcompetitiveCNon-exclusiveandnon-competitiveDExclusiveandcompetitive第38題Themostdirectimpactonthepriceofacommodityis（）AThedemandcurveofcomplementarymovestotherightBThedemandcurveofcomplementarymovestotheleftCThesupplycurveofcomplementarygoodsmovestotherightDPriceriseofcomplementaryproducts第39題（）mayoccurintheprocessofprovidingpublicgoodsAFreerideproblemBAdverseselectionproblemCPrincipal-agentproblemDBadmoneydrivesoutgoodmoneyproblem第40題Whenmakingproductiondecisions,themanufacturershouldconsider（）ASocialbenefitsandprivatecostsBPrivatebenefitsandsocialcostsCPrivatecostsandprivatebenefitsDPositiveandnegativeexternalities第41題Thefollowingcanexplaintheconceptofexternalityis（）APoorcropharvestcausedbynaturaldisastersBThetollroadiscrowdedandthetrafficflowonthetollroadissmallCSmokingharmsthehealthofsmokersDBeekeepers'beesgatherhoneyinnearbyorchardsandpollinateatthesametime第42題Whichofthefollowingmethodstocontrolpollutionwillnotforcepeopletobearthefullcostoftheiractivities?ARegulationBPollutiontaxCDistributionofpropertyrightsDTradablelicense第43題Tradehasbothpositiveandnegativeeffectsontheenvironment.第44題Whetheritisexternaleconomyorexternaldiseconomy,itisastateofinefficientallocationofsocialresources.第45題Whenthereisnegativeexternality,thesocialcostislowerthanthepersonalcost.第46題Consumers'willingnesstopaydecreaseswiththeincreaseofthequantityofgoodsorservices.第47題Generally,thetransactioncostisinsignificantcomparedwiththebenefitsofmarketexchange.第48題Theutilityofanitemdoesnotdependonthesubjectivefeelingsofconsumers.第49題Therearetworeasonsforthesuccessofthemarketindealingwithexternaleffects:hightransactioncostsandpublicgoods.第50題Willingnesstopayisapartofconsumersurplusandislessthanorequaltoconsumersurplus.第51題Consumptionreferstotheprocessofusingsocialproductstomeetpeople'svariousneeds.第52題Fundamentally,economicdevelopmentisthemainreasonforthescarcityofenvironmentalresources.第53題Themarketisacollectionofbuyersandsellersthatmaketransactionspossiblethroughinteraction.第54題Whenotherconditionsremainunchanged,thehigherthereplacementcostofenvironmentalassets,thegreatertheireconomicvalue.第55題Demandisoneofthetwosidesofsupplyanddemandinthemarketeconomy,andisoneofthekeyfactorsthatdeterminetheprice.第56題Naturalresourcesrefertothesumofmaterialsandenergyinnaturethatcanbeusedbyhumanbeings.第57題Theideallevelof"Pigoviantax"istomakethemarginalpollutioncontrolcostlessthanthemarginalpollutiondamagecost.第58題Oneofthemainreasonsforunderestimatingresourcepricesisthatthemarketdoesnotconsiderexternaleffects.第59題Comparedwiththeemissionchargefee,theemissiontradinghasplayedmoreroleofmarketmechanisminallocatingresources.第60題Thecoreofmarketmechanismispriceandcompetition.第61題Existencevalueisthemainformofnon-usevalue.第62題Themarketfailuremostrelatedtotheuseofenvironmentalresourcesisitsexternalityandincompleteinformation.第63題Theeconomicmethodtosolveenvironmentalpollutionisthepaiduseofenvironmentalresources.第64題Itisgenerallybelievedthatnon-competitivemarketsaremoreefficientinresourceallocationthancompetitivemarkets.第65題Environmentalimprovementmostlycomesfromchangesinenvironmentalregulation.第1題The"polluterpaysprinciple"(PPPprinciple)wasproposedby（）atthe1972HumanEnvironmentConferenceAWorldBankBInternationalEconomicandTechnicalCooperationOrganizationCWorldOrganizationforEnvironmentandDevelopmentDEuropeanUnion第2題Thewillingnesssurveyassessmentmethodistheonlymethodthatcanrevealthevalueofenvironmentalresources（）ADirectuseBIndirectuseCChoiceDExistence第3題Inthedirectmarketevaluationmethod,（）canprovideinformationanddataforotherdirectmarketevaluationmethods.ADose-responsemethodBProductivityvariationmethodCHumancapitalmethodDOpportunitycostmethod第4題Thefollowingmethodthatdoesnotbelongtothedirectmarketevaluationmethodis（）ADose-responsemethodBProductivitychangemethodCReplacementcostmethodDDiseasecostmethod第5題Thefollowingmethodthatdoesnotbelongtoalternativemarket(revealingpreference)evaluationmethodis（）AProtectionexpendituremethodBTravelexpensemethodCReplacementcostmethodDConnotativerealestatevaluemethod第6題（）istheonlymethodthatcanrevealtheexistencevalueofenvironmentalresourcesATravelexpensemethodBProtectionexpendituremethodCWillingnesssurveyandevaluationmethodDIntensiveassetpricingmethod第7題WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutEKCisincorrect.AIn1955,SimonKuznetsproposedthe"invertedU-shaped"hypothesis,namedtheKuznetsCurve.BGrossmanandKruegerfirstintroducedtheKuznetscurveintotheresearchofrelationshipbetweeneconomicgrowthandenvironmentalproblems.CEKCillustratestheimpactofeconomicdevelopmentonenvironmentalpollution.DItassumesthatacountry'spollutionwillfirstincreasewiththeincreaseofpercapitaincome.第8題WhichisnotthereasonthatthereisanEKCrelationshipbetweeneconomicgrowthandenvironmentalpollution?AScaleeffectBTechnologicaleffectCStructureeffectDPopulationeffect第9題Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutindustrialstructureeffectisincorrect?AEconomicdevelopmenthasbroughtaboutchangesintheindustrialstructureBWiththeaccelerationofindustrialization,alargenumberofresourceshavebeendevelopedandutilizedCEconomicgrowthwillleadtothedeteriorationofindustrialstructureDWhentheeconomydevelopstoahigherlevel,theindustrialstructureisfurtherupgraded第10題Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutenvironmentalqualityrequirementsisincorrect?AWiththeincreaseofincome,thereishigherdemandforenvironmentalquality.BWiththedecreaseofincome,thereishigherdemandforenvironmentalquality.CEnvironmentalqualitydemandiscloselyrelatedtoincomeDWiththeincreaseofincome,thepriceofenvironmentalqualitydemandincrease第11題WhichofthefollowingisnotthelimitationofEKC?ATheinvertedUshapeisjustonetypeofenvironment-incomerelationship.BEKCassumesthatincomeisanexogenousvariableandignorestheinteractionbetweenenvironmentalqualityandincomelevels.CEKConlydiscussesflowpollutionandcannotrevealtheimpactofstockpollution.DEKChasshort-termproblems.第12題WhichofthefollowingdoesnotbelongtotheEconomicEvaluationMethod?ACost-benefitanalysisBCost-effectivenessanalysisCMulti-CriteriaDecision-MakinganalysisDLifeCycleAssessment第13題Whichofthefollowingisnotastepofcost-benefitanalysis？ADefinetheprogramorpolicyBIdentifyandquantifytheinputsandoutputsoftheprojectorpolicyCDiscountthecostsandbenefitsthatwilloccurinthefuturetotheirpresentvaluesDComparetheeffectivenessandcosts第14題Whichofthefollowingisnottheindicatorofcost-benefitanalysis？AEconomicnetpresentvalueBEconomicinternalrateofreturnCEconomicnetpresentvaluerateDEnergyefficiency第15題WhichofthefollowingisnotthecharacteristicofMulti-CriteriaDecision-Making？AMultipleprojectscanbejudged,queuedandselectedBWhenresearchingaproject,eachimpactfactoristreatedasthemainjudgmentCTheevaluationtableisregardedasadecision-makingjudgmentmatrixDtheinformationisorganizedandcombinedintoastaticanalysissystem第16題WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutEnvironmentalValuationMethodisincorrect?ATheEnvironmentalValuationMethodusuallyevaluatesenvironmentalassetsintermsofphysicalquantities.BTheEnvironmentalValuationMethodreferstothequantitativeassessmentofthegoodsorservicesprovidedbyenvironmentalassetsCToevaluatetheeconomicvalueoftheenvironmentistomeasurepeople'spreferenceforenvironmentalgoodsorservices.DTherearemainlytwocategoriesofEnvironmentalValuationMethodincludemicro-investigationmethodandcomprehensiveassessmentmethod第17題WhichofthefollowingoneisnotsuitableforProperty-ValueMethod?ANoiseBFactorylocationCRailwayrouteplanningDFruit第18題WhichofthefollowingoneisnotsuitableforPreventiveExpenditureMethod?AAirpollutionBSoilerosionCAccidentDSoilfertilityreduction第19題Whichofthefollowingisnotacomprehensiveassessmentofclimatechange?ADICEModelBCGEModelCRICEModelDDGEMModel第20題Whichofthefollowingisnotatop-downmodelofenergyeconomyandenvironmentsystem?AMacro-econometricmodelBSystemdynamicsmodelCProperty-ValueMethodDInput-outputmodel第21題Whichofthefollowingisnottheadvantageofenvironmentalinput-outputanalysis？ADirectandindirectenvironmentalimpactsacrosssectorscanbeintuitivelyquantified.BExpandtheperspectivetotheenvironmentalimpactdrivenbytotalsupplychains.CNotonlycalculatetheenvironmentalimpactatproductlevel,butalsoattheindividualandregionallevel.Dtheinformationisorganizedandcombinedintoadynamicanalysissystem第22題Whichofthefollowingisnotthelimitationofenvironmentalinput-outputanalysis？AThedatarequirementsforcompilingtheinput-outputtablearecomplicated.BCannotreflecttherelationshipbetweensectors.CTheslowerupdatefortheinput-outputtable.DThecoefficientsobtainedbytheinput-outputmodelbasedonhistoricaldataarefixed.第23題WhichofthefollowingisnotthecharacteristicofCGEmodel？ATheCGEmodelisbasedonWalras'generalequilibriumtheory.BItexaminesthemacroeconomicimpactoftheeconomicsystemtransitioningfromoneequilibriumstatetoanothercausedbypolicyshocks.CToevaluatetheeconomicvalueoftheenvironmentistomeasurepeople'spreferenceforenvironmentalgoodsorservices.DTheCGEmodeltakesthepursuitofutilitymaximizationbyconsumersandthepursuitofprofitmaximizationbyproducersasthebasicassumptions.第24題Whichofthefollowingisbottom-upmodelofenergyeconomyandenvironmentsystem?ALEAPModelBCGEModelCDICEModelDEIOModel第25題Theenergysystemoptimizationmodelisbasedontheenergysupplyanddemandtechnology,andadoptstheoptimizationideatosimulatethecost-optimizedtechnologychoicetomeettheenergyservicedemandundervariousconstraints.第26題Thereisaninverted"U"relationshipbetweeneconomicgrowthandenvironmentalquality,whichcanbeexpressedbyenvironmentalKuznetscurve.第27題CGEmodelcanreflectthecorrespondingchangesinenergy,economy,andenvironmentsectorscausedbychangesintherelativepricesofvariousproductionfactorsorproducts.第28題Theeconometricmodelissuitableforshort-termandlong-termforecasting.第29題Theeconometricmodelisbasedoneconometrictheoryandcalculatesfutureeconomicbehavioraccordingtothestatisticallawsofhistoricaldatabetweenvariables.第30題Themacro-econometricmodelisaquantitativeanalysismethodtoanalyzetheinput-outputdependenciesbetweendifferenteconomicsectors.第31題Theeconomicnetpresentvaluereferstothesumofthepresentvalueatthebeginningoftheprojectorpolicyconvertedfromthenetbenefitofeachyear.第32題TheEconomicInternalRateofReturn(EIRR)isthediscountratethatmakesthecumulativeeconomicnetpresentvalueovertheprojectperiodequalto0.第33題Cost-benefitanalysiscanbedividedintotwocategories:Multi-AttributeDecision-MakingandMulti-ObjectiveDecision-Makingaccordingtowhethertheschemeislimitedorinfinite.第34題Cost-benefitanalysisisadecision-makingmethodthatselectstheprojectorpolicywiththeleastcoststandardbycomparingthecostandeffectofdifferentprojectsorpoliciesundertheestablishedgoals.第35題Theeconomicnetpresentvalueratioreferstotheratioofthenetpresentvalueoftheprojecttothepresentvalueofthetotalinvestment.第36題Multi-ObjectiveDecision-Makingreferstothedecisionofselectingthebestalternativeorrankingalternativeswhenconsideringmultipleattributes.第37題Multi-AttributeDecision-Makingreferstoadecisionthatconsiderstwoormoreobjectives.第38題Thegamemethodrequirespeopletomakeavaluationofeachgroupofhypotheticalgoodswithdifferentquantityandquality.第39題Theopportunitycostmethodisparticularlyapplicabletotheevaluationofnaturalreservesordevelopmentprojectsofnaturalresourceswithuniquecharacteristics.第40題Cost-benefitanalysisisamethodtoevaluatethevalueofaprojectbycomparingthetotalcostsandbenefitsoftheproject.第41題ExpressedPreferenceMethodisoftenusedtoevaluatethevalueofpublicutilityprojectsthatneedtoquantifysocialbenefits.第42題Cost-benefitanalysiscanbeusedtoevaluatethetangiblebenefitsofalargeproject.第43題Cost-benefitanalysissimulatestheentirehuman-inducedclimatechangeprocessfromcarbonemissionstosocio-economicimpacts.第44題TherearetwomaintypesofExpressedPreferenceMethod:conditionalvalueassessmentmethodandcomprehensiveanalysismethod.第45題Thebasicprincipleofcost-benefitanalysisistoputforwardseveralplanstoachieveacertainexpendituretarget,usecertaintechnicalmethodstocalculatethecostandbenefitofeachplan,andselecttheoptimaldecisionplanthroughcomparison.第46題TheKayaidentityisthemostclassicformulaforstudyingcarbonemissions.ItwasproposedbyJapanesescholarYoichiKayain1999.第47題Kayaidentityisaneffectivetoolforunderstandingthemacroeconomicperformanceofacountry第48題Kayaidentitydecomposescarbonemissionsintoseveralfactorsrelatedtohumanactivitiesthroughasimplemathematicalformula.第49題Kayaidentityhasthedisadvantageofcomplexmathematicalform.第50題Kayaidentityhasthedisadvantageofresidualerrorindecomposition.第51題Kayaidentityhasthedisadvantageofweakexplanatorypowerforthedrivingfactorsofcarbonemissionchanges.第52題Kayaidentityiswidelyusedinthequantitativestudyofcarbonemissions.第53題ExpressedPreferenceMethodexplainspeople'spreferencesbasedontheirstatementsratherthantheiractions.第54題In1991,GrossmanandKruegerfirstintroducedtheKuznetscurveintotheresearchoftherelationshipbetweeneconomicgrowthandenvironmentalproblems.第55題EKCassumesthatacountry'spollutionwillfirstincreasewiththeincreaseofpercapitaincome,andwhentheeconomydevelopstotheturningpoint,thepollutionwilldecreasewiththeincreaseofpercapitaincome.第56題Highincomelevelsarecloselylinkedtobetterenvironmentalprotectionandhigh-efficiencytechnologies.第57題Economicdevelopmenthasbroughtaboutchangesintheindustrialstructure.第58題Withtheaccelerationofindustrialization,alargenumberofresourceshavebeendevelopedandutilized,therebyreducingthequalityoftheenvironment.第59題Continuouslyimprovingmarketmechanismscanspeedupthedeteriorationoftheenvironment.第60題Atdifferentstagesofeconomicdevelopment,environmentalprotectioninvestmentisdifferent.第61題ThediminishingmarginalbenefitsofcleantechnologymayleadtoanL-shaperelationshipbetweenenvironmentandincome.第62題ThecomplexityanddynamismofrealityhavenoeffectontheevolutionarypathoftheEKC.第63題EKCignorestheinfluenceofnon-incomefactors.第64題Duetodevelopedcountrieshaveadvancedtechnologiesincarbonemissionandotherfields,alow-carboneconomynaturallyformsaflyinggeeseparadigm.第65題Thecurrentadvancedlow-carbontechnologiesareinthehandsofdevelopedcountries,developingcountrieswillnotbenefitfromthem.第66題Cost-effectivenessanalysisisanalternativetocost-benefitanalysiswhenbenefitsaredifficulttoquantify,suchaslife-savingbenefitorlandscapebenefits.第67題TheEnvironmentalValuationMethodreferstothequantitativeassessmentofthegoodsorservicesprovidedbyenvironmentalassets.第68題TheEnvironmentalValuationMethodusuallyevaluatesenvironmentalassetsintermsofphysicalquantities.第69題Therevealedpreferencemethodreferstodirectlyinferringpeople'spreferencesformarketitems,andthenestimatingtheeconomicvalueofmarketitems.第70題Travel-CostMethodistoevaluatethevalueofmarketenvironmentalproductsorservicesthroughpeople'stravelconsumptionbehavior.第五章第1題TowWaystoDealwithClimateChangearerespectively____and____第2題第3題第4題第5題第六章第1題____isacost-effectivepolicytoolwhichmitigatesemissionsthroughpricesignalsandincorporatesclimatechangecostsintoeconomicdecision-making.正確答案：:Carbonpricing第2題第3題第4題第5題Whatarethemainmodesoftransportininternationaltrade?AmaritimetransportBrailwaytransportCAirtransportDAutomobiletransport正確答案：ABC第6題Whichofthefollowingisarelativelyslowmodeoftransport?AmaritimetransportBrailwaytransportCAirtransportDAutomobiletransport第7題Railwaytransporthasbecomethemainmodeoftransportationaftermaritimetransport.第8題Throughwhichindirecteffectsdoesinternationaltradeaffectcarbonemissions?AscaleeffectBtechnologyeffectCstructureeffectDeconomiceffect正確答案：ABC第9題Whichofthefollowingindirecteffectsbringseconomicbenefitsanddemagetheenvironment?AtechnologyeffectBscaleeffectCsocialeffectDstructureeffect第10題Thetechnologyeffectisgenerallypositive.第11題EnvironmentalKuznetscurveshowsthattherelationshipbetweenenvironmentalpollutionandpercapitaincome.第12題Whatisthemainreasonforcarbonleakagetooccur?AImplementationofstringentenvironmentalregulationsinonecountryBIncreaseindemandforcarbon-intensiveproductsCAvailabilityofrenewableenergysourcesDTheimplementationofemissionstradingsystems第13題Whichofthefollowingmayleadtocarbonleakage?AImplementationofcarbontaxinonecountryBLowerthetariffsinonecountryCHighenergypricesDallofabove第14題Whatarethecommonconsequencesofcarbonleakage?AIncreasedcompetitivenessofindustriesincountrieswithlessstringentenvironmentalregulationsBImprovedenvironmentalqualityinaffectedcountriesCIncreasedglobalgreenhousegasemissionsDTransferofproductionandinvestmentamongcountries正確答案：ACD第15題Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedtomitigatecarbonleakage?AFreeallocationofcarbonallowancesBBordercarbonadjustmentmechanism(CBAM)CLessstringentenvironmentalregulationsDCompensateforsectorsathighriskofcarbonleakage正確答案：ABD第16題Internationaltrademaycausecarbonleakage第17題Car