Section

A3Grammar

FocusUnit

13RevisionI.Check

ifyou

knowthese

phrases.1.

不同種類的污ifferent

kinds

of

pollution2.

河

底

thebottom

ofthe

river3.

把垃圾扔到河throw

rubbish

into

the

river4.

在……中起作pn

yapartin5.

在中國南部

in

southern

China6.

對

…

…

有

害

beharmfulto7.

在……頂部

at

the

top

of...8.

海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)the

ocean's

ecosystemII.Translation.1.這個方法不僅殘酷還對環(huán)境有害。This

method

is

not

only

cruel,but

alsoharmfultothe

environment.2.鯊魚處于海洋食物鏈的頂部。Sharksareatthe

top

of

the

food

chain

inthe

ocean's

ecosystem.3.許多人相信魚翅對健康有好處。Alotof

peoplebelieve

that

shark'sfinsare

good

for

health.Payattentiontothesentences.1.We

'retryingtosavethe

earth

Presentprogressii2.Theriverused

to

beso

clean.usedto3.The

air

is

badly

polluted.

Passive

voice4.Noscientificstudieshaveshownthat

Present

perfectshark

fins

are

good

for

healthModalverbs5.We

shouldhelpsavethesharks.現(xiàn)在進行時：

Present

progressive定義：表示說話時(瞬間)正在進行的動作，也表示目前或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。結(jié)構(gòu)：be(am/is/are)+v.-ing標(biāo)

志

詞

：Look,Listen,now,right

now,thesedays,thismonth...e.g.Look!Theboy

is

crying.Mr.Green

is

writing

a

book

these

days.ExerciseWhat

a

fine

day

today!Look!What

are

they

doing?used

to

do與be

used

to

doingused

to

do

sth.表示過去常常做某事，而現(xiàn)在往往不做了，后接動詞原形。be

used

to

doing

sth.

表示習(xí)慣于做某事e.g.Iused

toget

upat

six

o'clock.Joe

isusedtodrinking

a

cup

ofcoffee

everymorning.Exercise1.她過去常常周末和朋友閑逛。She

used

to

hang

out

with

friendson

weekends.2.他習(xí)慣晚睡。He

is

used

to

staying

up.被

動

語

態(tài)

：Passivevoice定義：表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象的一種語態(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu)：be+

過去分詞e.g.A

new

school

wasbuiltlast

year.Ourclassroomiscleaned

everyday.ExerciseTranslatethesentencesby

usingPassivevoice.1.emnge地

asisited物

譫me

old

peoplejustnow.2.

工

人

們

使

用

不

同

種

類

的

機

器

工

作Differentkinds

of

machines

areusedtoworkbytheworkers.大家應(yīng)該也有點累了，稍作休息大家有疑問的，可以詢問和交流現(xiàn)在完成時：Present

perfect定義：表示動作已經(jīng)完成，但對現(xiàn)在造成影響；或者表示從過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并還可能持續(xù)下去的動作。結(jié)構(gòu)：has/have+過去分詞標(biāo)

志

詞

：already,yet,ever,never,since,for

...e.g.I

haven't

finished

my

homework

yet.ExerciseCompletethefollowingsentences.1.I

have

been

(be)in

Beijing

for

two

years.2.I

have

neheard

(hear)of

thatmanbe3.Tomhasworked(work)theresincetwoy4.Thetwihavewashed

_(wash)the

clothes

f5.He

has

played

(play)basketball

since

three6.Howlohas

Sang

(sing)yet?情態(tài)動詞1.情態(tài)動詞本身有一定的詞義，表示說話人的情緒、態(tài)度或語氣，但不能單獨作謂語，只能與其他動詞構(gòu)成謂語。常

見

的

有

：can(could),may(might),must,need,2.情態(tài)

詢0無d),稱租數(shù)的變等后接動詞原形。否定式是在情態(tài)動詞后面加not。個別情態(tài)動詞有過去式形式，可用來表達更加客氣、委婉的語氣。e.g.Ken

can

climbupthetresslike

a

koala.Tracycouldrideabicyclewhenshewas

fiveyears

old.Exercise1.我們不能在教室里吃東西。Wecan'teatin

theclassroom.2.首先你必須完成作業(yè)。Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.3.他現(xiàn)在不可能在家。Hecan'tbe

at

home

now.4.她一定知道這個問題的答案。Shemustknowtheanswerto

thisquestion.JoeHave

you

akren

(take)partin

anenvironmentalhehged?Eric:dcensidhenedI

(help)withaClean-Up

Dayldadear.IhadsJoe:How

many

ptopkensider)tlakbiggast?clean-upprnijecthhiskcity(think)more

than

1c00people

(come)to

helpveut.

(have).

tryingJoe:That's

fantastic!I

guess

everyone

in

this

city

is

(try)to

waitimnranthnaniranmantFill

intheblankswiththe

correctformsoftheverbs

inbrackets.4amightPeoplenay/mightthinkthatbigistingaveto

bedoneto

savethe

earth.Many

forget

that

saving

tloeantualplginsdd/showithsmallthingsaveelectricitybyturningoff

the

ligbtild/heamychdedlde

a

room.You

also

use

reusablebags。k

。

nFill

inthe

blankswiththeappropriatemodalverbsfromthebox.Can

would

could

havetoshouldmust

may/4bI

think

it's

a

great

idea

that

ycharvevto

pay

for

plastic

bags

in

some

stores.And

insteadaofshiuildg

tosddool

or

work,you

can/could

ride

your

bikeAHtdallehinkdfhingou

adakeptlamBus.baoldechig/thinugldthat

_improvetheenvironment.Let'stakeactionnow!use

public

transportation

(n,交

通運輸);turnoff

thelightswhenyouleavea

room;usereusablebagsinsteadof

plasticbags;rideyourbikeorwalktoschoolorwork;stop

usingpaper

napkins(n.餐

巾

紙

)

;recycle

books

andpaper

..Makea

listofthingsthat

peoplecan

dotohelptheenvironmentanddiscussyour

listwithyourpartner.4cIdisagree.It'sdifficult

forparentswithyoung

childrento

use

publictransportationI

think

thateveryone

shoulduse

publictransportation.DiscussionLanguGQQ1.

Wecan'taffordtowait

'anyIongertotakeaction!affordv.

承擔(dān)得起；買得起；提供，給予

常

與can,be

ableto連

用affordsth.

買得起/承受得起某物afford

to

do

sth.有能力做某事/負(fù)擔(dān)得起做某事e.g.Canyou

affordthemobile

phone?We

can't

affordtopay

sucha

price.afford&buyafford側(cè)重“有經(jīng)濟能力買”

,

而buy則側(cè)重“購買(這

一行為)

”。表示“我買不起……

”可以說I

can't

afford…,但不能說Ican't

buy

….根據(jù)句意，用afford或buy的適當(dāng)形式填空。1)Theycanafford

tosendtheir

children

to

college.

afford2)Canybuy

a

new

car?3)Helen

somefruit

on

her

way

home2....save

electricity

by

turningoffthelights

when

youleave

a

room.turn

off

關(guān)

掉e.g.Please

turnthetelevisionoff

beforeyougo

to

bed.睡覺前請關(guān)掉電視。拓展：turn

相關(guān)短語turnon

打開，發(fā)動around

轉(zhuǎn)

身turn

up

調(diào)高(音量)調(diào)低；拒絕turnturndown正確的時態(tài)或語態(tài)補全短文，使短文完整、通順。The

clockwork

radio(發(fā)條式收音機)is

the

onlyr

adio

that

doesn't

need

batteries(

電

池

)or

electricity.It

is

powered

by

turning

the

handle(

手

柄

)for

aminute.Nowadays,thousandsof

theseradiosare

made(make)every

day.The

clockwors

indinted

(invent)in1991

by

TrevorBaylissyaaBlititaniingrttor.Trevor

hadtheideawhile

he(3)

(listento)some

news

on

theAfrica.It

(4)

(report)thatAfricansweredyingof

Aidsandtherewas

no

easywas

reportedwaytosendtheminformationabout

the

disease.ButnoonewouldhelpTrevor

develop

his

idea

fora

new

kind

of

radio.Finally,in

1993,his

inv